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1.
本文基于国民经济发展的要求,概述了在我国加速开发地热资源的必要性和可能性;简要地介绍了勘探地热资源的地震学方法和原理,以及地热异常与地震研究的关系。文中结合我国地热的地理分布特点,勘探现状和地震部门的技术优势,初步提出利用地震学方法探测地热资源的建议和相应的工作步骤。 相似文献
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分析了深部地热资源勘察中的地球物理电磁法应用现状,阐明了被动式超低频电磁法在深部地热资源勘察中的可用性和优势;重点论述了被动式超低频电磁法在深部地热资源勘察中的探测机理.利用北京大学研制的BD-6型被动式超低频电磁探测仪在京热119井和168井附近布点探测,在探测过程中利用硬件滤波和水平旋转探头方向的方法消除了工频50Hz的部分谐波干扰,同时探测曲线的重复性也非常好,得到了相应井位的超低频电磁探测数据.在对深部热水储层和盖层岩性界面进行地质解释后,得到热储层赋存深度的绝对误差为23-50 m,盖层岩性界面的相对误差小于6.3%.探测结果表明借助被动式超低频电磁探测仪,可以较准确地获得深部岩溶裂隙地热水的分布信息. 相似文献
3.
复杂山区的公路建设运营对地球物理探测提出了巨大挑战.非侵入式微动探测方法无需主动震源,作为地震类方法的一种,其独特的优势已经体现在地热资源探测、城市地下空间精细探测等领域.针对目前山区公路建设运营中对地球物理探测的重大需求,本文研究微动探测方法的应用效果.首先,根据研究区地形设计了十字形与直线型进行野外微动数据的采集,进而利用空间自相关法从微动信号中提取瑞雷波频散曲线,最后获得视S波速度剖面.通过与高密度电法探测结果对比发现微动探测方法在山区可以有效的识别隐伏构造和不同的岩性层、刻画高速异常地质体等.在灵活改变观测系统的情况下,针对山区公路建设对地质信息的要求,该方法可以提供关键的精细地质结构信息.通过本研究,初步证实了微动探测方法在山区探测的有效性,为后续复杂条件下的地球物理探测提供了新的有效探测手段. 相似文献
4.
作为我国最近规划的中国蓝谷海洋高科技开发区,对能源结构有着较高要求.目前,地热资源的直接利用是最经济最方便的绿色能源途径.鳌山卫研究区,是中国蓝谷的核心区之一,根据地质资料和温泉露头情况推测,该研究区内有可观的地热资源潜力.为探测鳌山卫花岗岩地区的深部地热构造,搜集已有的地质地球物理资料,在该区布设了10条AMT测线.通过资料采集、预处理、反演,得到了研究区地下2000 m以浅的电性结构的空间展布形态.勘探结果显示,研究区发育一条走向为N30°E的断裂构造F1,深度约1500 m;同时确定了构造低阻异常中心位置,为下一步钻孔布设提供依据.本次花岗岩区AMT探测,克服了城市人文干扰和高压输电线引起的各种电磁干扰,为类似地区深部地热构造探测工作提供了实践经验,是一次成功的深部地热构造探测. 相似文献
5.
本文介绍了利用CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁测深法)和MES(高精度电磁频谱探测法)相互结合的综合物探方法,首次应用在广东惠州花岗岩地区地热资源勘查项目中并取得了良好的效果。该方法对区内断裂构造做出了准确的刻画,对含水层的判断提供了充分的依据。经推荐成功钻探地热井一口,井深2000米,水量1000m^3/d,水温53℃,达到勘探要求,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益,对本方法在地热资源勘查中的推广应用也有较好的借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
地球深部结构研究是地震预报和地球动力学研究的基础，传统人工地震受到探测深度、分辨率或震源能量的环保限制，探索利用小能量震源进行深部高分辨率探测技术具有重要意义.本文借鉴雷达探测中的编码原理，开展了震源编码探测实验，利用人工震源向地下发送具有独特特征的随机编码序列脉冲，作为一次等效激发，利用准确记录的编码震源的源函数与地震连续观测的互相关进行“解码”分析，获取地下信息，形成编码地震探测技术.实验表明编码地震能够大幅度提高地震探测能力，利用小能量震源获得远距离的探测和高分辨率，是一种具有重要发展前景的人工探测技术. 相似文献
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8.
本文通过对地热资源利用模式的研究,针对张家口地区不同温度、不同类型的地热田提出了多种综合开发利用模式,以使该区内的地热资源得到充分有效的利用,提高地热资源利用率,从而有效节约和保护地热资源。 相似文献
9.
高密度电法CT成像技术在活断层探测中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
高密度电法CT成像技术近年来在工程物探上得到了广泛应用，已成为工程物探的一种主要方法之一，本文在无棣一益都断裂的活动性研究中，运用该方法取得了良好效果。这一工程实例表明利用高密度CT成像技术，辅以地质钻探，可以较精确地探测断裂活动的具体空间形态等，为开展大城市活断层探测与研究，进行合理城市规划和抗震设防提供依据。 相似文献
10.
2006年6月在武汉召开了第二届环境与工程地球物理国际会议.会议围绕近年来兴起的近地表探测问题展开，涉及方法原理、仪器采集、资料处理等各个环节，反映出国内外环境与工程探测领域的若干前沿热点和发展动态.结合本次会议，可以看出该学科主要趋势为：应用领域不断扩宽，方法技术灵活多样，重视基础理论研究，开发新型（特种）仪器，通过高精度测量、延时测量、先进的数据处理技术和信息技术等手段改善探测质量.我国对环境与工程地球物理有很大的需要，应根据我国实际情况，吸收国外先进经验，积极开展自主创新. 相似文献
11.
地热地球物理勘探新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地热作为一种清洁能源具有巨大的开发潜力,将在我国的经济发展中起到巨大的作用.在传统的热水型地热开发的基础上,国际上非常重视热干岩(Enhanced Geothermal)型地热的勘探开发.在这两类地热勘查和开发中,地球物理方法具有非常重要的作用.本文从地热系统的目标体岩石的地球物理性质出发,分析岩石的地球物理性质与温度、压力和含水量等影响因素的关系.例如随着温度的升高,岩石会出现去磁、电阻率降低、密度降低、弹性波速度也现明显降低等现象.进而分析地球物理方法应用到具体的地热勘查地质-地球物理异常模型.结合国际上21世纪以后的新方法技术,分析了重磁、电、地震方法在利用由于岩石温度的升高而出现的特殊地球物理现象,并应用于地热勘探.通过国内外实例介绍了各种地球物理勘探方法在地热勘查中成功应用,为进一步提高我国地热勘查水平,提供一些参考. 相似文献
12.
Exploring for Geothermal Resources with Electromagnetic Methods 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Gerard Muñoz 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(1):101-122
Electrical conductivity of the subsurface is known to be a crucial parameter for the characterization of geothermal settings. Geothermal systems, composed by a system of faults and/or fractures filled with conducting geothermal fluids and altered rocks, are ideal targets for electromagnetic (EM) methods, which have become the industry standard for exploration of geothermal systems. This review paper presents an update of the state-of-the-art geothermal exploration using EM methods. Several examples of high-enthalpy geothermal systems as well as non-volcanic systems are presented showing the successful application of EM for geothermal exploration but at the same time highlighting the importance of the development of conceptual models in order to avoid falling into interpretation pitfalls. The integration of independent data is key in order to obtain a better understanding of the geothermal system as a whole, which is the ultimate goal of exploration. 相似文献
13.
Wang Ji-Yang Chen Mo-Xiang Wang Ji-An Deng Xiao Wang Jun Shen Hsien-Chieh Hsiung Liang-Ping Yan Shu-Zhen Fan Zhi-Cheng Liu Xiu-Wen Huang Ge-Shan Zhang Wen-Ren Shao Hai-Hui Zhang Rong-Yan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1981,9(1):57-76
Geothermal studies have been conducted in China continuously since the end of the 1950's with renewed activity since 1970. Three areas of research are defined: (1) fundamental theoretical research on geothermics, including subsurface temperatures, terrestrial heat flow and geothermal modeling; (2) exploration for geothermal resources and exploitation of geothermal energy; and (3) geothermal studies in mines.Regional geothermal studies have been conducted recently in North China and more than 2000 values of subsurface temperature have been obtained. Temperatures at a depth of 300 m generally range from 20 to 25°C with geothermal gradients from 20 to 40°C/km. These values are regarded as an average for the region with anomalies related to geological factors.To date, 22 reliable heat flow data from 17 sites have been obtained in North China and the data have been categorized according to fault block tectonics. The average heat flow value at 16 sites in the north is 1.3 HFU, varying from 0.7 to 1.8 HFU. It is apparent that the North China fault block is characterized by a relatively high heat flow with wide variations in magnitude compared to the mean value for similar tectonic units in other parts of the world. It is suggested that although the North China fault block can be traced back to the Archaean, the tectonic activity has been strengthening since the Mesozoic resulting in so-called “reactivation of platform” with large-scale faulting and magmatism.Geothermal resources in China are extensive; more than 2000 hot springs have been found and there are other manifestations including geysers, hydrothermal explosions, hydrothermal steam, fumaroles, high-temperature fountains, boiling springs, pools of boiling mud, etc. In addition, there are many Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins with widespread aquifers containing geothermal water resources in abundance. The extensive exploration and exploitation of these geothermal resources began early in the 1970's. Since then several experimental power stations using thermal water have been set up in Fengshun (Fungshun), 相似文献
14.
为了评价贵德盆地深部地热资源远景,使用V8仪器进行了地面大地电磁法和可控源音频大地电磁法工作,首次对贵德盆地深部电性特征和深部地热资源进行评价.查明贵德盆地基底埋深3600 m～4900 m.推断盆地第三系上新统贵德组（上部地层）是浅部热储层,其厚度为370 m;其埋深为530 m.老第三纪渐新统（上部地层）是中部热储层,其厚度为640 m～800 m,其埋深为1810 m～2330 m.侏罗纪、白垩纪地层是深部热储层,其厚度为970 m~1600 m;其埋深为3680 m～4990 m.提出浅部热储层属于盆地型层状热储;中深部热储层属于断裂型带状热储.推断出二条大断裂破碎带. 相似文献
15.
Geothermal resource assessment is the broadly based appraisal of the quantities of heat that might be extracted from the earth and used economically at some reasonable future time. In the United States, the Geological Survey is responsible for preparing geothermal assessments based on the best available data and interpretations. Updates are required every few years owing to increasing knowledge, enlarging data base, improving technology, and changing economics. Because geothermal understanding is incomplete and rapidly evolving, the USGS complements its assessments with a broad program of geothermal research that includes (1) study of geothermal processes on crustal and local scales, (2) regional evaluations, (3) intensive study of type systems before and during exploitation (4) improvement of exploration techniques, and (5) investigation of geoenvironmental constraints. 相似文献
16.
As part of the resource evaluation and exploration program conducted by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for the national Hot Dry Rock (HDR) Geothermal Program, a regional magnetotelluric (MT) survey of New Mexico and Arizona is being performed. The MT lines are being located in areas where the results of analysis of residual gravity anomaly maps of Arizona and New Mexico, integrated with other geologic and geophysical studies indicate the greatest potential for HDR resources.The residual gravity anomalies are derived by applying the concept of predicting gravity anomalies from topography. This can be accomplished by employing reductions similar to those used in some isostatic investigations, in which a regional topographic surface is used as the Bouguer reduction datum. The datum is derived by comparison of various harmonics of Bouguer anomalies and elevations of stations. Topography can be used to predict Bouguer anomalies because of isostatic compensation; the resultant anomalies can be considered high frequency residual anomalies or isostatic anomalies corrected for regional compensation. Such maps have been produced for Arizona, New Mexico, west Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico.The main objective of the MT project is to produce a regional geoelectric contour map of the pervasive deep electrical conductor within the crust and/or upper mantle beneath the Colorado Plateau and the adjacent Basin and Range Province and Rio Grande Rift. The MT survey consists of 200 sites along several long profiles with site spacing of 15–20 km. Pre-existing available MT data are being integrated with the new data. After the data are processed, a one-dimensional inversion is applied to the sounding curve and used as a starting point for 2-D modeling. Such a project and ultimate map will be of major value in studying the regional geophysics and tectonics of the southwest United States as they now apply to HDR resources in particular and geothermal resources in general.Electrical conductivity anomalies of large areal extent are of particular interest in geothermal exploration. Correlation analysis of large conductive anomalies with other geophysical, geological, and geotectonic data is being performed. Preliminary analysis of the data has suggested several major regions of anomalously shallow high electrical conductivity. Among these is the Aquarius area of northwest Arizona which is the site of a longwavelength residual anomaly low, which when modeled and correlated with other geophysical data can be shown to be possibly related to low density and high temperature in the crust at depths of 20 km or less. Preliminary analysis of MT data indicates the possible existence of a mid-crustal high electrical conductivity anomaly in this same region. 相似文献
17.
K. Gessner M. Kühn V. Rath C. Kosack M. Blumenthal C. Clauser 《Surveys in Geophysics》2009,30(3):133-162
Hydrothermal systems are characterised by complex interactions between heat transfer, fluid flow, deformation, species transport and chemical reactions. Numerical models can provide quantitatively constrained information in regions where acquisition of new data is difficult or expensive thus providing a means for reducing risks, costs, and effort during targeting, production, and management of resources linked to hydrothermal systems. Here we show how numerical simulations of hydrothermal processes can be used to better understand coupled reactive transport in modern geothermal systems and in ancient hydrothermal ore deposits. We give examples based on the Enhanced Geothermal System at Soultz-sous-Forêts in France, hydrothermal mineralisation at Mount Isa in Australia, and the geothermal resource at Hamburg-Allermöhe in Germany. 相似文献
18.
ULRICH SCHIMSCHAL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1991,39(2):279-291
An integrated exploration study is presented to locate low-temperature geothermal reservoirs in the Honey Lake area of northern California. Regional studies to locate the geothermal resources included gravity, infra-red, water-temperature, and water-quality analyses. Five anomalies were mapped from resistivity surveys. Additional study of three anomalies by temperature-gradient and seismic methods was undertaken to define structure and potential of the geothermal resource. The gravity data show a graben structure in the area. Seismic reflection data indicate faults associated with surface-resistivity and temperature-gradient data. The data support the interpretation that the shallow reservoirs are replenished along the fault zones by deeply circulating heated meteoric waters. 相似文献
19.
Electromagnetic sounding of geothermal zones 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Electromagnetic (EM) data provide a substantial contribution to the geophysical mapping and monitoring of geothermal reservoirs. This paper presents an up-to-date picture of the achievements of EM methods for geothermal exploration as they have emerged over the last few years. It has been proved that EM sounding of geothermal zones and distant monitoring macro-parameters of the reservoirs, fluid-filled faults and other elements of the geothermal system are possible provided that modern 3-D inversion is used along with techniques that reduce the effects of industrial and geological noise. In addition, geological and petrophysical data also need to be included in the analysis. 相似文献
20.
Colin M. Sayers 《Geophysical Prospecting》2023,71(1):114-124
Geothermal resources have potential for providing cost-effective and sustainable energy. Monitoring of production-induced changes in geothermal reservoirs using seismic waves requires understanding of the elastic properties of the rock and how they change due to injection of fluids and opening and closing of natural and hydraulic fractures. P- and S-wave velocities measured in a granitic geothermal reservoir using sonic logging are systematically lower than those predicted using the composition of the rock. Cracks may occur in granitic rocks from tectonic stresses and from the thermal expansion mismatch between differently oriented anisotropic crystals. An isotropic orientation distribution of microcracks causes a significant reduction in both the P- and S-velocities, consistent with the observed sonic P- and S-velocities. Vertical fractures cause a difference in the velocity of vertically propagating shear waves polarized parallel and perpendicular to the fractures. An assumption that the lower measured velocities are caused by the presence of vertical fractures is inconsistent with the sonic data. This is because vertical fractures cause a decrease in slow S-wave velocity that greatly exceeds the decrease in P-wave velocity, in contrast to the observed data. The growth of vertical fractures in the geothermal reservoir may be monitored using the difference in velocity of the fast and slow shear waves, while the change in P-velocity in a crossplot of measured P- and slow S-velocities is useful for estimating the ratio of the normal-to-shear compliance of the fractures. 相似文献