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2.
Book Reviews     
Books reviewed: D. Graham Burnett, Masters of All They Surveyed: Exploration, Geography, and a British El Dorado Garrett A. Sullivan, Jr., The Drama of Landscape: Land Property and Social Relations on the Early Modern Stage Sergio Díaz‐Briquets and Jorge Pérez‐López, Conquering Nature: The Environmental Legacy of Socialism in Cuba Karl F. Nordstrom, Beaches and Dunes of Developed Coasts Robin W. Doughty, The Eucalyptus: A Natural and Commercial History of the Gum Tree James K. Mitchell, ed., Crucibles of Hazard Gerald T. Koeppel, Water for Gotham: A History Arnold R. Alanen and Robert Z. Melnick, eds., Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America Kavita Pandit and Suzanne Davies Withers, eds., Migration and Restructuring in the United States Steven R. Nivin, Regional Innovation Potential: The Case of the U.S. Machine Tool Industry Douglas Meyer, Making the Heartland Quilt: A Geographical History of Settlement and Migration in Early Nineteenth‐Century Illinois David R. Meyer, Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis Mark Cleary and Goh Kim Chuan, Environment and Development in the Straits of Malacca David Zurick and P. P. Karan, Himalaya: Life on the Edge of the World Christer Jönsson, Sven Tägil, and Gunnar Törnqvist , Organizing European Space Tor Bernhardsen, Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, 2nd ed.  相似文献   

3.
An ice‐dammed lake at the margin of the glacier Sälkaglaciären, in the Kebnekaise Mountains in northern Sweden, drained suddenly in July 2003 producing a flood with a measured peak discharge of 9.5±0.25 m3s‐1. The total lake volume of 4.55×105 million3 drained within two days. The hydrograph of this event is characteristic of a jökulhlaup controlled by a single basal ice tunnel that enlarges due to melting. The jökulhlaup had an exponential rise to a peak discharge, and following the peak, a very steep fall in discharge as the water supply to the drainage system ceased. A similar jökulhlaup was observed in August 1990 with an estimated release of 8.05×105 m3 water. Jökulhlaups at Sälkaglaciären are recurring events and have been indirectly observed since the 1950s.  相似文献   

4.
Seit 1933 war der Verfasser mit Untersuchungen der Kalksteinhöhlen in Rana in Nord-Norwegen beschäftigt. Diese Höhlen haben sich bekanntlich dadurch gebildet, daß Wasser von der Oberfläche den Kalk aufgelöst hat, hauptsächlich nach tektonischen Klüften, wodurch zum Teil bedeutende Karsthohlräume entstanden sind. Liegen die Höhlen — wie in Rana — in Gebieten, die früher von Eis bedeckt waren, so ist es von Bedeutung, die Möglichkeit einer Höhlenbildung auch im Gebirge zu untersuchen, das von einem Gletscher bedeckt ist. Wie aus Nachstehendem ersichtlich sein wird, ist eine solche Höhlenbildung sehr wohl möglich, ein Sachverhalt, der von großer Bedeutung sein dürfte um die Bildung von Höhlen zu verstehen, die in Gebieten liegen, welche früher von Eis bedeckt waren.  相似文献   

5.
Jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods) are common hazards in many glaciated environments. However, research on the controls on the sedimentological and geomorphological impact of jökulhlaups is rare. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of flood impacts may be useful for hazard identification, prediction and mitigation. This study determines the controls on the sedimentological and geomorphological impact of a jökulhlaup in January 2002 at Kverkfjöll, northern Iceland. This jökulhlaup, caused by geothermal activity, reached a peak discharge of 490 m3s?1 as recorded at a permanent gauging station 40 km downstream from the glacier snout. However, reconstructed peak discharges in the proximal part of the jökulhlaup channel near the glacier snout indicate a peak discharge of 2590 m3s?1. The jökulhlaup hydrograph was characterized by a rapid rising stage and a more gradual falling stage. As a result, sedimentary and geomorphological impacts included poorly sorted, structureless, matrix‐supported deposits; massive sand units; clast‐supported units; ice‐proximal cobbles, rip‐up clasts and kettle‐holes; and steep‐sided kettle‐holes. These features are proposed to be characteristic of rapid rising stage deposition. Additionally, large‐scale gravel bars and bedload sheets prograded and migrated during the rapid rising stage. The development of these bedforms was facilitated by high bedload transport rates, due to high discharge acceleration rates during the rapid rising stage. During the more prolonged falling stage, there was sufficient time for sediment incision and erosion to occur, exhuming cobbles, ice blocks and rip‐up clasts, and creating well‐defined terrace surfaces. This study provides a clearer understanding of hydrological and sedimentological processes and mechanisms operating during jökulhlaups, and helps to identify flood hazards more accurately, which is fundamental for hazard management and minimizing risk.  相似文献   

6.
In this paper, conformal geometric algebra (CGA) is introduced to construct a Delaunay–Triangulated Irregular Network (DTIN) intersection for change detection with 3D vector data. A multivector-based representation model is first constructed to unify the representation and organization of the multidimensional objects of DTIN. The intersection relations between DTINs are obtained using the meet operator with a sphere-tree index. The change of area/volume between objects at different times can then be extracted by topological reconstruction. This method has been tested with the Antarctica ice change simulation data. The characteristics and efficiency of our method are compared with those of the Möller method as well as those from the Guigue–Devillers method. The comparison shows that this new method produces five times less redundant segments for DTIN intersection. The computational complexity of the new method is comparable to Möller’s and that of Guigue–Devillers methods. In addition, our method can be easily implemented in a parallel computation environment as shown in our case study. The new method not only realizes the unified expression of multidimensional objects with DTIN but also achieves the unification of geometry and topology in change detection. Our method can also serve as an effective candidate method for universal vector data change detection.  相似文献   

7.
The composition, volume and stratigraphic organisation of submarine fan systems deposited along continental margins are expected to reflect the landscape from which the sediment was derived. During the Late Cretaceous, the Møre‐Trøndelag margin, Norwegian North Sea was dominated by the deposition of deep‐marine fines; the emplacement of 11 sand‐rich submarine fan systems occurred only during a c. 3 Myr period in the Turonian‐Coniacian. The systems were fed by sediment that was routed through submarine canyons incised into the basin margin; the canyons are underlain by angular unconformities and are interpreted to have resulted from tectonically induced changes in slope physiography and erosion by gravity flows. The areal extent of the onshore drainage catchments that supplied sediment to the fans has been estimated based on scaling relationships derived from modern source‐to‐sink systems. The results of our study suggest that the Turonian fans were sourced by drainage catchments that were up to ca.3600 km2, extending more than ca.100 km inland from the palaeo‐shoreline. The estimated inboard catchment extent correlates with the innermost structures of a large, long‐lived, basement‐involved, normal fault complex. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude that increased sediment supply to the Turonian fan systems reflects tectonic rejuvenation of the landscape, rather than eustatic sea‐level or climate fluctuations. The duration of fan deposition is thus interpreted to reflect the ‘relaxation time’ of the landscape following tectonic perturbation, and fan system retrogradation and abandonment is interpreted to reflect the eventual depletion of the onshore sediment source. We demonstrate that a better understanding of the stratigraphic variability in deepwater depositional systems can be gained by taking a complete source‐to‐sink view of ancient sediment dispersal systems.  相似文献   

8.
Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines along the margins of Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull, two neighbouring outlet glaciers flowing from the Vatnajökull ice‐cap, have been re‐dated to test the reliability of different lichenometric approaches. During 2003, 12 000 lichens were measured on 40 moraine fragments at Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull to provide surface age proxies. The results are revealing. Depending on the chosen method of analysis, Skálafellsjökull either reached its LIA maximum in the early 19th century (population gradient) or the late 19th century (average of five largest lichens), whereas the LIA maximum of Heinabergsjökull occurred by the mid‐19th century (population gradient) or late‐19th century (average of 5 largest lichens). Discrepancies (c. 80 years for Skálafellsjökull and c. 40 years for Heinabergsjökull) suggest that the previously cited AD 1887 LIA maxima for both glaciers should be reassessed. Dates predicted by the lichen population gradient method appear to be the most appropriate, as mounting evidence from other geochronological reconstructions and sea‐ice records throughout Iceland tends to support an earlier LIA glacier maximum (late 18th to mid‐19th century) and probably reflects changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. These revised chronologies shed further light on the precise timing of the Icelandic LIA glacier maximum, whilst improving our understanding of glacier‐climate interactions in the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

9.
Books reviewed:

D. Graham Burnett, Masters of All They Surveyed: Exploration, Geography, and a British El Dorado

Garrett A. Sullivan, Jr., The Drama of Landscape: Land Property and Social Relations on the Early Modern Stage

Sergio Díaz-Briquets and Jorge Pérez-López, Conquering Nature: The Environmental Legacy of Socialism in Cuba

Karl F. Nordstrom, Beaches and Dunes of Developed Coasts

Robin W. Doughty, The Eucalyptus: A Natural and Commercial History of the Gum Tree

James K. Mitchell, ed., Crucibles of Hazard

Gerald T. Koeppel, Water for Gotham: A History

Arnold R. Alanen and Robert Z. Melnick, eds., Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America

Kavita Pandit and Suzanne Davies Withers, eds., Migration and Restructuring in the United States

Steven R. Nivin, Regional Innovation Potential: The Case of the U.S. Machine Tool Industry

Douglas Meyer, Making the Heartland Quilt: A Geographical History of Settlement and Migration in Early Nineteenth-Century Illinois

David R. Meyer, Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis

Mark Cleary and Goh Kim Chuan, Environment and Development in the Straits of Malacca

David Zurick and P. P. Karan, Himalaya: Life on the Edge of the World

Christer Jönsson, Sven Tägil, and Gunnar Törnqvist , Organizing European Space

Tor Bernhardsen, Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction, 2nd ed.  相似文献   

10.
Book Reviewed in this article: Geographers Abroad: Essrtys on the Problems and Prospects of Research in Foreign Areas. Marvin W. Mikesell(ed.). General Geography . Man Shapes the Earth: A Topical Geography. Harm J. De Blij. Geography: The Study of Location, Culture, and Environment. John F. Kolars and John D. Nystuen. Physical Geography: Earth Systems. John J. Hidore. Regional Geography . France: A Geographical Study. Pierre George (tr. by I. B. Thompson). History of Geocraphi . Humboldt and the Cosmos. Douglas Botting. Physical Geography . Landforms of the Humid Tropics, Forests, and Savannas. J. Tricart (tr. by Conrad J. Kiewiet de Jonge). Drainage Basin Form and Process: A Geomorphological Approach. K. J. Gregory and D. E. Walling. Environment and Man . Urbanization and Environment: The Physical Geography of the City. Thomas R. Detwyler, Melvin G. Marcus and Contributors. Human Environments and Natural Systems: A Conflict of Dominion. Ned Greenwood and J. M. B. Edwards. Man, Materials, and Environment. Study Pects of National Materials Policy. Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Sflatial Behavior. Roger M. Downs and David Stea (eds.). Mental Maps. Peter Gould and Rodney White. The Geography of Crime and Justice. Keith D. Harries. The Pacific in Transition: Geographical Perspectives on Adaptation and Change. Harold Brookfield (ed.). Urban Geography and Settlement . Urban Growth: An Approach. Brian T. Robson. The Urbart Circulation Noose. James O. Wheeler. The Form of Cities in Central Canada: Selected Papers. L. S. Bourne, R. D. Mackinnon, and J. W. Simmons. (eds.). Close-Up: How to Read the American City. Grady Clay. Hard Living on Clay Street: Portraits of Blue Collar Families. Joseph T. Howell. The Suitcase Farming Frontier: A Study of the Historical Geography of the Central Great Plains. Leslie Hewes. Economic Geography Transport for the Space Economy: A Geographical Study. Alan Hay. A Study of the Transport Geography of Sweden's Foreign Trade. (Transport— geografiska studier i svensk utrikeshandel). Göran Norström. Agricultural Geography. John R. Tarrant.  相似文献   

11.
This study examines the variability of the duration and frequency of Santa Ana winds due to El Niño over a thirty‐three‐year period. Daily Weather Maps and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis were used to study large‐scale upper‐level and surface circulation patterns during wind events. A Student's t‐test was used to determine statistically significant changes in the winds during March of El Niño winters. A significant decrease in the duration and frequency of wind events was found in March during El Niño. This can be attributed to the decrease in strength and frequency of the Great Basin high pressure and the increase in wintertime cyclones in southern California.  相似文献   

12.
The late‐stage evolution of the southern central Pyrenees has been well documented but controversies remain concerning potential Neogene acceleration of exhumation rates and the influence of tectonic and/or climatic processes. A popular model suggests that the Pyrenees and their southern foreland were buried below a thick succession of conglomerates during the Oligocene, when the basin was endorheic. However, both the amount of post‐orogenic fill and the timing of re‐excavation remain controversial. We address this question by revisiting extensive thermochronological datasets of the Axial Zone. We use an inverse approach that couples the thermo‐kinematic model Pecube and the Neighbourhood inversion algorithm to constrain the history of exhumation and topographic changes since 40 Ma. By comparison with independent geological data, we identified a most probable scenario involving rapid exhumation (>2.5 km Myr?1) between 37 and 30 Ma followed by a strong decrease to very slow rates (0.02 km Myr?1) that remain constant until the present. Therefore, the inversion does not require a previously inferred Pliocene acceleration in regional exhumation rates. A clear topographic signal emerges, however: the topography has to be infilled by conglomerates to an elevation of 2.6 km between 40 and 29 Ma and then to remain stable until ca. 9 Ma. We interpret the last stage of the topographic history as recording major incision of the southern Pyrenean wedge, due to the Ebro basin connection to the Mediterranean, well before previously suggested Messinian ages. These results thus demonstrate temporally varying controls of different processes on exhumation: rapid rock uplift in an active orogen during late Eocene, whereas base‐level changes in the foreland basin control the post‐orogenic evolution of topography and exhumation in the central Pyrenees. In contrast, climate changes appear to play a lesser role in the post‐orogenic topographic and erosional evolution of this mountain belt.  相似文献   

13.
Foreland basins are important recorders of tectonic and climatic processes in evolving mountain ranges. The Río Iruya canyon of NW Argentina (23° S) exposes ca. 7500 m of Orán Group foreland basin sediments, spanning over 8 Myr of near continuous deposition in the Central Andes. This study presents a record of sedimentary provenance for the Iruya Section in the context of a revised stratigraphic chronology. We use U‐Pb zircon ages from six interbedded ash layers and new magnetostratigraphy to constrain depositional ages in the section between 1.94 and 6.49 Ma, giving an average sedimentation rate of 0.93 ± 0.02 (2σ) km Myr?1. We then pair U‐Pb detrital zircon dating with quartz trace‐element analysis to track changes in sedimentary provenance from ca. 7.6 to 1.8 Ma. Results suggest that from ca. 7.6 to ca. 6.3 Ma, the Iruya watershed did not tap the Salta Group or Neogene volcanics that are currently exposed in the eastern Cordillera and Puna margin. One explanation is that a long‐lived topographic barrier separated the eastern Puna from the foreland for much of the mid‐late Miocene, and that the arrival of Jurassic‐Neogene zircons records regional tectonic reactivation at ca. 6.3 Ma. A second major provenance shift at ca. 4 Ma is marked by changes in the zircon and quartz populations, which appear to be derived from a restricted source region in Proterozoic‐Ordovician meta‐sediments. Considered in conjunction with the onset of coarse conglomerate deposition, we attribute this shift to accelerated uplift of the Santa Victoria range, which currently defines the catchment's western limit. A third shift at ca. 2.3 Ma records an apparent disconnection of the Iruya with the eastern Puna, perhaps due to defeat of the proto Rio‐Iruya by the rising Santa Victoria range. This study is one of the first applications of quartz trace‐element provenance analysis, which we show to be an effective complement to U‐Pb detrital zircon dating when appropriate statistical methods are applied.  相似文献   

14.
Book Reviews     
Books reviewed: Astle, W.L., A History of Wildlife Conservation and Management in the Mid‐Luangwa Valley, Zambia Demko, George J., Ioffe, Grigory and Zayonchkovskaya, Zhanna (eds.), Population Under Duress: The Geodemography of Post‐Soviet Russia Evans, Sterling, The Green Republic: A Conservation History of Costa Rica Jonas, Andrew e.g. and Wilson, David, The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later Pickles, John and Smith, Adrian, Theorising Transition: The Political Economy of Post‐Communist Transformations. Peet, Richard with Hartwick, Elaine, Theories of Development Shaw, Denis J.B. Russia in the Modern World: A New Geography Winters, Harold A., Galloway Jr., Gerald E., Reynolds, William J. and Rhyne, David W., Battling the Elements: Weather and Terrain in the Conduct of War Wright, John B., Montana Ghost Dance: Essays on Land and Life Yeung, Yue‐Man, Urban Development in Asia: Retrospect and Prospect  相似文献   

15.
Gruber, S., Egli, M., Gärtner‐Roer, I. and Hoelzle, M., 2012. Preface: The mountain cryosphere – a holistic view on processes and their interactions. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, ??, ??–??. doi :10.1111/j.1468‐0459.2012.00468.x  相似文献   

16.
Constraining the thermal and denudational evolution of continental margins from extensional episodes to early orogenic stages is critical in the objective to better understand the sediment routing during the growth of orogenic topography. Here, we report 160 detrital zircon U/Pb ages and 73 (U‐Th)/He ages from Albian, Upper Cretaceous and Eocene sandstones from the south‐central Pyrenees. All samples show dominant zircon U/Pb age peaks at 310–320 Ma, indicating a primary contribution from Variscan granites of the central Pyrenean Axial Zone. A secondary population at 450–600 Ma documents zircon grains sourced from the eastern Pyrenees. Zircon (U‐Th)/He ages recovered from older samples document, a Triassic age peak at ca. 241 Ma, corresponding to denudation coeval with the initiation of Atlantic rifting. An Early Cretaceous cooling event at ca. 133 Ma appears consistent with rift‐related exhumation and thermal overprint on the Iberian margin. The (U‐Th)/He age peaks from ca. 80 Ma to ca. 68 Ma with decreasing depositional ages are interpreted to reflect the southward‐migrating thrust‐related exhumation on the pro‐wedge side of the Pyrenean orogen. The increase in lag times, from ca. 15 Ma in the Tremp Formation (ca. 65 Ma) to 28 Ma in the Escanilla Formation (ca. 40 Ma), suggests decreasing exhumation rates from 0.4 km Myr–1 to 0.2 km Myr–1. The apparent inconsistency with convergence rates is used to infer that rocks cooled at 68 Ma may have resided in the crust before final exhumation to the surface. Finally, the cooling event observed at 68 Ma provides support to the inferred acceleration of convergence, shortening and exhumation during Late Cretaceous times.  相似文献   

17.
A comprehensive interpretation of single and multichannel seismic reflection profiles integrated with biostratigraphical data and log information from nearby DSDP and ODP wells has been used to constrain the late Messinian to Quaternary basin evolution of the central part of the Alboran Sea Basin. We found that deformation is heterogeneously distributed in space and time and that three major shortening phases have affected the basin as a result of convergence between the Eurasian and African plates. During the Messinian salinity crisis, significant erosion and local subsidence resulted in the formation of small, isolated, basins with shallow marine and lacustrine sedimentation. The first shortening event occurred during the Early Pliocene (ca. 5.33–4.57 Ma) along the Alboran Ridge. This was followed by a major transgression that widened the basin and was accompanied by increased sediment accumulation rates. The second, and main, phase of shortening on the Alboran Ridge took place during the Late Pliocene (ca. 3.28–2.59 Ma) as a result of thrusting and folding which was accompanied by a change in the Eurasian/African plate convergence vector from NW‐SE to WNW‐ESE. This phase also caused uplift of the southern basins and right‐lateral transtension along the WNW‐ENE Yusuf fault zone. Deformation along the Yusuf and Alboran ridges continued during the early Pleistocene (ca. 1.81–1.19 Ma) and appears to continue at the present day together with the active NNE‐SSW trending Al‐Idrisi strike‐slip fault. The Alboran Sea Basin is a region of complex interplay between sediment supply from the surrounding Betic and Rif mountains and tectonics in a zone of transpression between the converging African and European plates. The partitioning of the deformation since the Pliocene, and the resulting subsidence and uplift in the basin was partially controlled by the inherited pre‐Messinian basin geometry.  相似文献   

18.
Formation of alluvial stratigraphy is controlled by autogenic processes that mix their imprints with allogenic forcing. In some alluvial successions, sedimentary cycles have been linked to astronomically‐driven, cyclic climate changes. However, it remains challenging to define how such cyclic allogenic forcing leads to sedimentary cycles when it continuously occurs in concert with autogenic forcing. Accordingly, we evaluate the impact of cyclic and non‐cyclic upstream forcing on alluvial stratigraphy through a process‐based alluvial architecture model, the Karssenberg and Bridge (2008) model (KB08). The KB08 model depicts diffusion‐based sediment transport, erosion and deposition within a network of channel belts and associated floodplains, with river avulsion dependent on lateral floodplain gradient, flood magnitude and frequency, and stochastic components. We find cyclic alluvial stratigraphic patterns to occur when there is cyclicity in the ratio of sediment supply over water discharge (Qs/Qw ratio), in the precondition that the allogenic forcing has sufficiently large amplitudes and long, but not very long, wavelengths, depending on inherent properties of the modelled basin (e.g. basin subsidence, size, and slope). Each alluvial stratigraphic cycle consists of two phases: an aggradation phase characterized by rapid sedimentation due to frequent channel shifting and a non‐deposition phase characterized by channel belt stability and, depending on Qs/Qw amplitudes, incision. Larger Qs/Qw ratio amplitudes contribute to weaker downstream signal shredding by stochastic components in the model. Floodplain topographic differences are found to be compensated by autogenic dynamics at certain compensational timescales in fully autogenic runs, while the presence of allogenic forcing clearly impacts the compensational stacking patterns.  相似文献   

19.
Book Reviews     
Books reviewed: Pyne, Stephen J., How The Canyon Became Grand: A Short History Gibson, Clark C., Politicians and Poachers: The Political Economy of Wildlife Policy in Africa Voeks, Robert A., Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil Grossman, Lawrence S., The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean Fennell, David A., Ecotourism: An Introduction Soffer, Arnon, Rivers of Fire: The Conflict Over Water in the Middle East Light, Andrew and Smith, Jonathan M., Philosophy and Geography II: The Production of Public Space Davies, Richard O., Main Street Blues: The Decline of Small‐Town America Driver, Felix and Gilbert, David, Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity Baldassare, Mark, California in the New Millennium: The Changing Social and Political Landscape Herzog, Lawrence A., From Aztec to High Tech: Architecture and Landscape Across the Mexico‐United States Border Cowie, Jefferson, Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy‐Year Quest for Cheap Labor Aiken, Charles, The Cotton Plantation South Since the Civil War Smith, Steven D., Crass, David, and Zierden, Martha A., The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities Hoelscher, Steven D., Heritage of Stage: The Invention of Ethnic Place in America's Little Switzerland Bradley, Betsy Hunter, The Works: The Industrial Architecture of the United States  相似文献   

20.
《Basin Research》2018,30(Z1):382-400
High‐resolution acoustic and seismic data acquired 100 km offshore Cape São Vicente, image with unprecedented detail one of the largest active reverse faults of the SW Iberian Margin, the Horseshoe Fault (HF). The HF region is an area seismogenically active, source of the largest magnitude instrumental and historical earthquake (Mw > 6) occurred in the SW Iberian Margin. The HF corresponds to a N40 trending, 110 km long, and NW‐verging active thrust that affects the whole sedimentary sequence and reaches up to the seafloor, generating a relief of more than 1 km. The along‐strike structural variability as well as fault trend suggests that the HF is composed by three main sub‐segments: North (N25), Central (N50) and South (N45). Swath‐bathymetry, TOBI sidescan sonar backscatter and parametric echosounder TOPAS profiles reveal the surface morphology of the HF block, characterized by several, steep (20°) small scarps located on the hangingwall, and a succession of mass transport deposits (i.e. turbidites) on its footwall, located in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain. A succession of pre‐stack depth‐migrated multichannel seismic reflection profiles across the HF and neighbouring areas allowed us to constrain their seismo‐stratigraphy, structural geometry, tectono‐sedimentary evolution from Upper Jurassic to present‐day, and to calculate their fault parameters. Finally, on the basis of segment length, surface fault area and seismogenic depth we evaluated the seismic potential of the HF, which in the worst‐case scenario may generate an earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.8 ± 0.1. Thus, considering the tectonic behaviour and near‐shore location, the HF should be recognized in seismic and tsunami hazard assessment models of Western Europe and North Africa.  相似文献   

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