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1.
开发区在中国城市与区域发展中作为经济活动和流动人口的聚集区域发挥着重要作用。基于对南沙新区流动人口的问卷调查与访谈,从生计空间的角度测量流动人口的生计资本,分析其生计空间特征,并与当地居民进行比较。研究发现,流动人口在开发区的生计空间存在延伸或压缩。其中,经济空间得到了延伸,制度空间、社交空间、公共服务空间、居住空间等存在不同程度的压缩。经济空间的扩张是吸引流动人口在开发区就业的主要因素,但其余空间的压缩和经济空间的有限延伸使流动人口在进入后缓慢外迁。因此,改善开发区流动人口的生计空间,对于提升城市工业工人的生活条件,制定城市一体化发展战略,促进城市社会空间整体提升具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
Enacting immanent potentialities: Tcheb‐tchib strategies at the centre of the urban fringe in Nouakchott,Mauritania 
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下载免费PDF全文 Christian Vium 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):343-362
The urban fringe areas of Nouakchott, the capital city of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, have become virtual epicentres of informal property speculation, as the state‐owned land that people illegally inhabit becomes an increasingly valuable commodity in the wake of urban redevelopment plans and vast infrastructural development projects. By applying ingenious ‘poaching’ strategies based on anticipation, the marginalized, impoverished people inhabiting these areas appropriate and manipulate space in order to survive. In their attempt to counter the state's technologies of governance through what is commonly known as tcheb‐tchib, a form of creative improvisation, they become a driving force in the dynamic and contested reconfigurations of the urban landscape. Based on extended ethnographic fieldwork focusing on the strategies of former nomads who are now sedentarized on the urban fringe, this article conceives large‐scale urban renewal as a dynamic process that generates an emergent space of immanent potentiality that the urban poor attempt to strategically appropriate and enact to make the most of a potentially destructive process. 相似文献
3.
Closing down bars in the inner city centre: Informal urban planning,civil insecurity and subjectivity in Bolivia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Helene Risør 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):330-342
The paper presents an ethnographic analysis of a group of secondary school students' protests against (illegal) bars in the city centre of El Alto, Bolivia. It shows how informal and formal practices are entangled through the state's dependence on the (illegal) actions of the citizenry in order to ensure civil security. The paper suggests that urban intervention is coproduced by state and nonstate actors at the margins of the state and that urban transformation entails subject formation, in this case that of political youth. Following Hansen and Verkaaik's (2009) argument that the city is essentially multilayered and unknowable, I argue that urban life, as well as state‐citizen relations, is indeterminate, and that it is due to this indeterminacy that the students succeeded in transforming a common association between Alteño youth, alcohol consumption and potential criminal conduct into an alternative notion of youth as responsible citizens of the New Bolivia. This conceptualization permits us to understand the urban sphere as a space not only of conflict but also of endurance and hope, and hence as a zone that allows for the imaginative production of the otherwise (Povinelli, 2011). 相似文献
4.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):518-525
This paper provides critical reflections on the urban transformation campaign launched by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) as part and parcel of its ambitions to upgrade Istanbul to "world city" status. I focus on two main aspects of "urban transformation" in Istanbul: prestige mega-projects and (re)development of informal housing areas, with particular emphasis on the latter. I examine how poor residents' livelihoods are put at stake in spite of the IMM's claim that "urban transformation" is ultimately beneficial for all citizens. I conclude with the unique policy challenges that the local governments face in developing participatory models for urban renewal and regeneration in Istanbul. 相似文献
5.
Everyday urban practices are enabled by both formal and informal rights regimes. Researchers often focus on the effects of formal rights; informal rights to use urban spaces have been less widely examined, particularly in North America. This article examines practices of intra-urban mobility in a gentrifying area of Portland, Oregon. We find that rights regimes regarding movement in urban space importantly shape who uses particular transit strategies and infrastructures. Specifically, we identify rights regimes rooted in explications of a city ideal and a neighborhood ethic. We suggest that Portland’s widely admired transit planning process has not sufficiently engaged with informal use rights in transit spaces, leading to uneven adoption of a transportation infrastructure that re-inscribes historic racialized injustices. An examination of informal use rights complicates common rights analytics, including those leveraging Lefebvre’s right to the city, emphasizing how all urban rights are contingent, contested and negotiated. 相似文献
6.
Urban poverty is invariably linked to sociospatial dimensions of livelihood strategies. Gendered social relations, for example, have been seen to impact the ability of females to access resources, to gain assets, and to engage in viable income‐generating activities. Focussing on the livelihood strategies of the urban poor as they intersect with neoliberal economic reforms in contemporary Ghana, this paper draws on a field‐based survey of porters in Accra, mostly migrants from rural agricultural northern Ghana, whose primary livelihoods derive from transporting goods for clients in congested market areas of the urban industrial south. The paper highlights the gendered aspects of porters' livelihood experiences such as differences in migration patterns, reliance on physical labour and living conditions, which relatively few analyses have examined, especially as these relate to wider socioeconomic processes. The study illustrates how this perspective is important to understand the intersection of livelihood strategies, gender and national economic reforms in promoting both rural and urban development. 相似文献
7.
Pétur Waldorff 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):363-377
This article investigates how an existing two‐tiered land tenure system creates a hybrid space that blurs, and essentially questions and problematizes the boundaries of the formal/informal divide as presented within Angolan political and legal discourses. It showcases how urban formality and informality exist alongside each other in Luanda and how people take recourse to both formal and informal channels in attempts to secure housing, land tenure and livelihoods in the city. Through case studies, the article describes how small‐scale farmers in Luanda's northern municipality of Cacuaco lost their lands to urban development in 2009–10 and the ensuing circumstances in which formal rights and informal land tenure became intermeshed and ambiguous. As the case studies illustrate, a gap exists between the legal code and practice on the ground. This gap is represented in how Angola's postconflict land strategy, with its forced evictions and demolitions of houses and neighbourhoods, often with little or no compensation, is at odds with the Angolan Land Law, which states that land may only be expropriated by the state or local authorities for specific public use and must be justly compensated. 相似文献
8.
中国矿业城市空间形态特征及其空间分异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿业城市是以矿产资源开采和初加工为主的资源型城市,伴随矿业城市发展的各个阶段,城市空间会呈现相应的演变过程和格局,城市经济的转型也必将带来城市空间结构的响应.矿业城市空间结构受自然资源和产业发展的影响明显,是基于自然资源与产业转型的空间可持续发展的典型研究对象之一.选取中国33个公认的典型地级矿业城市作为研究样本,提取空间结构数据进行紧凑度和分形维数的计算与统计分析,力图总结我国矿业城市对比其他类型城市在空间形态上的基本特征和空间分异规律.结果表明,矿业城市空间形态的紧凑度较低,发展呈分散态;矿业城市空间的边界比较复杂,呈不规则状态;矿业城市紧凑度与边界维数呈负相关;矿业城市空间形态受城市发展阶段、有无依托、其他组织的人为规划等因素影响,呈现一定的空间分异规律;矿业城市空间形态与人口规模和经济发展水平存在相关. 相似文献
9.
Solange Muñoz 《Urban geography》2017,38(8):1252-1269
Set in the broader context of increasing urban precarity and displacement of the urban poor and working classes, this paper examines the social and collective significance of housing precarity and eviction as it is experienced by Latin American, immigrant families living in informal hotels in Buenos Aires, Argentina. I analyze the internal dynamics, interactions and relationships between residents of informal hotels, the housing organization CIBA (Coordinadora de Inquilinos de Buenos Aires), which fights for housing rights for the poor in the city, and the city government sponsored housing subsidy. I argue that urban precarity severely limits opportunities for collective organization around better housing and political and social change. I show that despite CIBA’s objectives to transform social and political conditions for the poor in Buenos Aires, residents often operate under other assumptions and goals, in part because of the temporal and spatial restraints under which they live. Instead, residents of informal hotels work with CIBA in order to secure access to basic, urgent needs. These different expectations and understandings produce contentious relationships of dependence and subordination that are exacerbated by the eviction process and the city government housing subsidy. 相似文献
10.
Providing an introduction to the special section ‘Close encounters: ethnographies of the coproduction of space by the urban poor’, this article sets out to argue that the image of ‘the informal’ as unruly, messy and dirty continues to inform urban planning around the world. As a reaction to this view, it contends that the informal and formal should be analysed as interconnected and that the informal sphere should be revalued. Urban development is studied as close encounters between established practices, with a locus and a history (tree‐like), and newly emerging, unstable and untraceable practices (rhizomatic). Contrary to the tendency in urban planning to conflate the formal with the tree and the informal with the rhizome, we argue that from the perspective of marginal urbanites, formal planning tends to be very arbitrary and frightening (rhizomatic), whereas informal practices can be very predictable and stable (arboreal). The article analyses residents of marginalized urban areas as inventive navigators who explore the changing physical, spatial and sociopolitical environment, avoiding threats and looking for opportunities, grounded in their everyday practices and life histories. The article concludes that marginal urbanites should be acknowledged as coproducers of urban space and that the right to ‘coproduce’ the city lies at the heart of the call for the right to the city. 相似文献
11.
Economic drivers of contemporary smallholder agriculture in a transitional economy: A case study of Hu Village from southwest China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on an in‐depth case study of a rural community, this paper documents the contemporary state of Chinese smallholder agriculture and the changes that it has been experiencing in the context of dramatic socio‐economic transition through the lens of three main economic drivers: livelihood diversification, market conditions and government interventions. Results reveal that the change in Chinese smallholder agriculture has been complex and multidimensional. All three factors exert profound influence and shape the current state of Chinese agriculture. Massive rural‐urban migration has resulted in labour shortages, which in turn have led to a reduction in agricultural diversity and land use intensity and a shift from traditional labour‐intensive technologies to modern capital‐intensive technologies. However, because of well‐developed agricultural markets, input use levels are similar across farmer categories (such as income diversification), helping to maintain productivity. Furthermore, reduced profits from farming due to increasing input prices and decreasing output prices have exerted pressure on smallholders to increasingly turn to nonfarm activities and have also triggered a thriving informal land transfer market, which was previously non‐existent. Policy implications include the need to strengthen local economies, improve market conditions, invest in rural infrastructures and facilitate smallholders' mobility. 相似文献
12.
基于3个典型乡镇355户农户的调查数据考察武陵山片区农户的城镇化生计响应发现：① 农户生计响应是“城乡连续体”的“人业地”关系重构中乡村聚落的决策单元对城镇聚落吸附与扩散效应的综合反应,受宏观环境、外部条件和家庭因素的影响;② 区域性中心城市郊区、革命老区红色旅游景区和县城近郊特色农业种植区周边农户的生计综合响应、生计空间响应和生计产出响应依次递减,但生计资本和生计方式响应及各维度的响应强度排序不一致;③ 城乡二元体制的演变与新型城镇化战略、乡村振兴战略动态地规制与诱导农户,使其生计响应与国家阶段性战略目标相适应。地形平缓、距离县城较近、经济发展水平较高以及区域性中心城市郊区休闲驱动型城镇化对应于更广维度和更高强度的农户生计响应。收入来源以经商、务工为主,家庭成员中有小孩或老人,有较高教育程度家庭成员以及社会资本较高的农户,其生计响应的维度更广且强度更高。 相似文献
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Jennifer L. Smith 《Geographical review》2018,108(4):592-614
Expanding beyond narrow approaches of understanding postapartheid space, this research analyzes the social relations contributing to land use patterns and livelihood decisions as manifestations of the coproduction of space. Drawing on a detailed livelihood and land‐change analysis case study of Polokwane, South Africa, it is argued that combinations of social processes across scales contribute to the production of peri‐urban South Africa and offer an uncommon mixed‐methods approach by combining qualitative ethnographic interviews, quantitative survey data, and land‐cover change detection. The peri‐urban interface is coproduced as individuals participate in multiple livelihood activities (wage labor, businesses, social programs) and changing land use patterns (residential, urban, mixed use) through negotiations at multiple scales—from macrolevel economic policy to local labor regimes. 相似文献
15.
近年来,随着全球化的快速推进、新技术的升级应用以及资源、环境压力的日益加大,国内外诸多城市步入转型发展的轨道,城市转型研究日益增多,成为当前城市研究的前沿问题和各界高度关注的热点。本文以城市转型的内涵、研究进展为切入点,基于CiteSpace软件的关键词统计结果,发现国外城市转型研究从宏观上将研究区域纳入到国际贸易和经济活动,对心理健康、女性权力等社会问题的关注较多;而国内城市转型研究以经济发展等作为主题,注重经济区划、产业布局、城镇规划等问题,主要关注资源型城市的危机转型,对经济全球化背景下非资源型城市发展方式的转型研究尚且不足,尚需进一步的拓展和完善。综合上述研究成果,继而对国内外城市转型的动力与目标进行回顾与梳理,并做出评述与展望。 相似文献
16.
非正规就业是旅游就业体系中的重要组成部分,在推动城市旅游经济增长方面发挥着不可替代的作用。以故宫博物院、颐和园等北京10个典型景区为例,调查研究了城市旅游景区非正规就业者的群体特征,并探索性地将测量野生动物和敏感人群数量的“捕获–再捕获”及蒙特卡罗模拟方法引入研究,对该群体的规模进行了测算。研究发现：①城市景区旅游非正规就业群体多为低人力资本从业者,青壮年女性居多,以纪念品（土特产）商贩和导游人员为主,多来自就近地区。②北京10个典型城市景区的旅游非正规就业群体规模较小,大约有1 126人,这与严格的城市人口疏解和旅游业治理举措密切相关。③“捕获–再捕获”方法可以有效测量流动性大、隐蔽性强的旅游非正规就业者的群体规模,具有一定的科学性和可靠性。 相似文献
17.
George C. S. Lin 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(1):56-70
Much of the development literature and the theory of urban transition have been based on an arbitrary division of production space into city and countryside. Despite growing recognition of the need for an integrated approach to urban‐rural relations, controversial issues related to the definition and measurement of the phenomenon remain unresolved. This case study of spatial transformation in China's Pearl River Delta analyzes with greater precision the geographic extent and functional attributes of a zone of urban‐rural interaction located outside and between major metropolitan centers. This zone has been the spatial focus of industrial and commercial development, although most of its population remains officially classified as “agricultural.” The peri‐urban zone was initially left behind by the central cities in terms of its contribution to the regional economy. After a decade of postreform development, this zone has moved ahead of the central cities and become the region's main destination for in‐migrants and foreign investment. The growth of the zone of urban‐rural interaction outside the central cities has absorbed a significant amount of the increased urban population, but it has not brought about a reduction of regional economic inequality because of the persistence of a backward economy in the periphery. Theoretical questions are raised concerning the validity of several fundamental assumptions underlying the conventional model of urban transition. 相似文献
18.
Jörg Plöger 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(2):212-225
The explosive growth of so‐called marginal settlements in Latin America's cities has received considerable academic attention in past decades. The inability of the state to adequately provide affordable housing for a rapidly growing urban population has meant that these neighbourhoods relied on community mobilization to achieve common objectives of basic infrastructure and legal recognition. With increasing consolidation and less need for coordinated action, many local organizations lost their rationale. Fear of crime and violence, a major concern in Latin American metropolises, is inscribed on the urban landscape by a growing number of gated and fortified residential enclaves for the better‐off. Marginal neighbourhoods, however, experience a ‘security gap’ as they receive insufficient police protection and lack the financial resources to employ private guards. In many cases, the real or perceived insecurities of inner‐city life have prompted organized bottom‐up, mostly informal and sometimes vigilante, responses. Drawing on research on the rise of informal security‐related interventions in the neighbourhoods of Lima Metropolitana, Peru, this paper explores the rationales underlying the different approaches and adoptions, including the involvement of the main actors, community associations and other local interest groups. 相似文献
19.
Sarah J. Halvorson 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(2):120-133
Water‐related diseases continue to pose major threats to children's survival and well‐being in many places in the developing world. This article develops a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children's vulnerability to water‐related disease hazard is produced within the everyday circumstances of livelihood and child care. Central to this analysis is the role that household resources play in mediating or shaping particular microenvironments of health risk. Further, the effects of local geographies of gender on how household resources are accessed and on how child care is structured are examined. Children's vulnerability is evaluated in a community in the District of Gilgit in northern Pakistan, a region presently undergoing tremendous social and economic transformation. The case study highlights household‐level response and adaptation to child health risks associated with diarrheal disease transmission and infection in this mountain environment. The case study draws from ethnographic fieldwork involving qualitative household microstudies and interviewing to elicit mothers' resource and risk‐response strategies in the context of changes in livelihood systems and household dynamics. 相似文献
20.
Dicle Kizildere 《Urban geography》2018,39(5):783-802
This article investigates the birth and evolution of a Business Improvement District (BID) in Talimhane, Istanbul, which is the first case of use of this instrument of neoliberal governance in the Turkish city. The distinctive nature of the Talimhane BID consists in the fact that it has been developed through a series of informal and piecemeal arrangements. The article first reviews the evolution, characteristics, and critical aspects of BIDs. It then focuses on the case study of this “informal BID” in Talimhane, analysing its origins, features, and outcomes. The informal nature of this BID is stressed as a key factor in understanding its features and outcomes, and it emerges as a fundamental component of urban neoliberalism in Turkey: it allows a centralized and authoritarian government to maintain complete control over public space and private actors and activities, while promoting a process of devolving powers in favour of the private sector. 相似文献