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企鹅珍珠贝游离珠培育技术的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2006 年 5 - 12 月,在广东省、湛江市、徐闻县芳华珍珠养殖场,采用贝龄 2 ～ 4 a 的企鹅珍珠贝作植核贝,以 1 ～ 3 a 贝作小片贝,进行游离珍珠培育试验.结果表明,植核母贝经 15 ～ 40 d 的术前处理,成活率为 95.33 % ～ 97.00 %;施术贝经过 6 个月培育后,吐核率为 63.00 % ～ 71.88 %,死亡率为 26.17 % ～ 35.00 %,成珠率为 1.95 % ～ 3.33 %.企鹅珍珠贝合适的植核母贝为 2 ～ 3 龄贝,小片贝为 1 ～ 2 龄贝. 相似文献
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大珠母贝人工养殖过程中,幼贝死亡是一个严重的问题。1993年11月至1995年5月,采用现场调查、实验室研究和数理分析相结合的方法,在海南省临高县新盈珍珠贝养殖场自然海区吊养的A,B,C3批养殖贝和陵水新村珍珠贝养殖场养殖池吊养的D批养殖贝的发病和死亡情况进行了流行病学凋查.结果显示,大珠母贝幼贝群体的死亡是以暴发性方式发生,幼贝群体的大批量死亡高峰一般发生在4～6月龄期,8个月以后随着龄期的延长,死亡率显著降低.幼贝群体死亡率与贝体平均体长的关系是4cm以下的贝体死亡率较高,1～3cm阶段处于死亡高峰期内,5cm以上的贝体死亡率显著降低.大珠母贝幼贝群体的死亡率与类立克次体感染(即RLO平均感染严重度指数SI)之间存在显著的相关性,在RLO感染的高峰之后或当中部相应伴随贝群体死亡率的高峰,随着RLO感染的降低,贝群体的死亡率也明显降低。在4批养殖贝群体中,仅在A批养殖贝群体样本中发现有少量纤毛虫寄生(感染率为87.5%,感染强度为3.56个/10倍物镜).这几批幼贝群体的死亡与海水温度、盐度之间均无相关性。 相似文献
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企鹅珍珠贝养成方式的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
目前国内企鹅珍珠贝(Pteriapenguin)养殖尚不具规模,且都是沿用马氏珠母贝的养殖法[1]。作者在生产研究中发现企鹅珍珠贝中大贝足丝特别发达、粗壮,附着力特别强,用一般清贝刀很难将足丝切断,要将企鹅珍珠贝中大贝从养成笼(锥型笼)中取出,进行清洗换笼十分困难。为了改变这种局面,于1994年3月～1997年8月,作者在海南省陵水县湛江水产学院珍珠试验站进行了企鹅珍珠贝养成方式的初步研究。1 材料和方法1.1 试验贝取自湛江水产学院珍珠试验站人工养殖的企鹅珍珠贝。试验开始时贝龄0.5a,平均壳高6.4cm。一般认为企鹅珍珠贝幼苗下海养殖至壳高… 相似文献
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不同因素对黑蝶贝插核的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑蝶贝Pinctada margaritifera(Linne)插核存在的问题是手术后死亡多、脱核率高。为解决这个关键问题,作者把影响黑蝶贝插核的因素,即母贝性成熟度(A),排贝时间(B),插核部位(C)和术后休养方式(D)都联系起来,用正交表安排成四因素三水平试验。于1987年的试验结果表明:手术后的黑蝶贝,留核的最优条件为D_3C_3B_1A_2,即手术贝以贝笼休养,每贝插“左右袋”(二核),术前母贝处理14—16h,挑选性腺较丰满贝插核。 相似文献
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对海南岛３个海水珍珠贝养殖区养殖贝笼内的嵌线螺及其危害的研究表明,养殖区珍珠贝养殖笼内嵌线螺的发生具有明显的季节性和地域性：低温的１２月至翌年２月份没有发生,高温的６－７月份为发生高峰期;水温较低的北部水域出现少,水温较高的南部水域出现多。在各实验区的养殖贝笼内全年共发现嵌线螺１０种,其中毛嵌线螺Ｃｙｍａｔｉｕｍｐｉｌｅａｒｅ和环沟嵌线螺Ｃ．ｃｉｎｇｕｌａｔｕｍ为优势种。嵌线螺的捕食是造成海南岛南部海水养殖珍珠贝死亡的主要因素。 相似文献
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合浦珠母贝附着生物防除的研究——Ⅰ.附着生物对合浦珠母贝生长和生存的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata G.)在养殖过程中,无论是母贝养殖期或育珠期,都有大量死亡,有的死亡率高达90％左右。其原因,前几年主要是由多毛类的凿贝才女虫(Polydora ciliata)凿穿贝壳的继发性脓疡(俗称“黑心肝病”)所引起的,现已基本得到控制。近年来附着物对合浦珠母贝的危害是造成贝体生长不良和死亡的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01). 相似文献
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研究比较了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostrea gigas)二倍体与三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径、直肠上皮细胞高度的大小。结果显示 ,三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径显著大于二倍体 (P<0 .0 1) ,而二倍体和三倍体直肠上皮细胞高度没有明显差别。本研究结果支持了多倍体的巨态性假说 ,并揭示了倍性对细胞核大小的影响。 相似文献
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To investigate the continued accumulation of copper and cadmium by oysters in the Patuxent River, MD, which have been at high levels since at least the mid 1960s, hatchery-raised Eastern oysters were transplanted into trays at four sites in the upper estuary. At each site two groups of oysters were used to determine growth and mortality, and another group was sampled for meat condition, metal concentration and body burden. Copper in oysters in the discharge of a coal-fired power plant was significantly greater than at all other sites, but maximum concentration of 310 micrograms g-1 was well below the maximum of 1880 micrograms g-1 detected in 1982. Cadmium levels were also significantly greater in the discharge than at the other sites, but probably because of higher discharge temperatures. Trace metal loadings, the local salinity gradient and the higher temperatures caused by power plant operation all appear to contribute to metal accumulation by oysters in the upper Patuxent estuary. 相似文献
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为了探究北部湾养殖区域香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)体内的异养细菌和弧菌数量及其耐药概况变化, 对不同养殖场牡蛎体内的异养细菌进行分离培养, 并统计其数量, 通过药敏纸片扩散等方法研究了细菌的耐药状况。结果显示: 牡蛎在高死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(8.6±0.4)×106CFU·g-1]和弧菌[(9.5±0.4)×105CFU·g-1]数量较高, 在中死亡率环境中体内的异养细菌[(6.9±0.2)×106CFU·g-1]和弧菌[(4.5±0.6)×105CFU·g-1]数量次之, 在低死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(3.3±0.1)×106CFU·g-1]和弧菌[(2.5±0.6)×105CFU·g-1]数量最低。耐药细菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌, 对β-内酰胺类(青霉素)、糖肽类(万古霉素)的耐药率较高, 对四环素类(四环素、多西环素)的耐药率次之, 对氨基糖苷类(链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、新霉素)、大环内酯类(红霉素)、喹诺酮类(诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星)的耐药率较低。在高死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占79.7%, 其耐药谱型(48种)较广; 在中度死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占66.2%, 其耐药谱型为30种; 在低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占58.4%, 其耐药谱型为17种。本文探究了牡蛎死亡率与其体内异养细菌数量和细菌耐药性的关系, 结果显示牡蛎在高死亡率环境中体内的耐药细菌数量多、耐药谱型较广, 低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的耐药细菌数量较少, 异养细菌数量与牡蛎死亡率呈正相关关系, 两者相关系数为0.996。 相似文献
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A cost effective method to discern brooding from non-brooding specimens of the Chilean flat oyster (Ostrea chilensis Phillipi, 1844) is needed to optimise current hatchery practices for this species. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy of two treatments, AQUI-S® and MgCl2, in anaesthetising individuals of this species and then mapped any subsequent mortality of anaesthetised oysters. Oysters immersed for 3 h in solutions of 20, 40, 80 and 100 µL L?1 of AQUI-S® exhibited no signs of anaesthesia and also recorded low levels of mortality (i.e. 8% or less). Conversely, oysters immersed in 30, 40 and 50 g L?1 MgCl2 showed between 96%–100% anaesthesia after 3 h whereas only 70% of oysters immersed in 60 g L?1 MgCl2 were anaesthetised over this time period. Time taken for 50% of oyster shells to open (SO50) was compared among MgCl2 treatments with oysters immersed in 60 g L?1 taking significantly longer than (103 min) those immersed in 30–50 g L?1 (SO50 values of 43, 54 and 37 min respectively). Furthermore, treating oysters with MgCl2 resulted in low levels of mortality (i.e. 13% or less) and was not related to MgCl2 concentration. Thus, our results show that immersing O. chilensis in MgCl2 to be an efficient and cost effective method to access the brood chamber of this species. We recommend the use of 30 g L?1 for routine anaesthesia and recommend that future work investigates the efficacy of cheaper MgCl2 sources and what effects MgCl2 anaesthetisation has on developing larvae. 相似文献
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Bouchet VM Debenay JP Sauriau PG Radford-Knoery J Soletchnik P 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(3):358-383
Sediment cores were collected from April to August 2004 on tidal mudflats of the macrotidal Marennes-Oléron Bay (SW France), famous for the cultivation of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). The response of living (stained) benthic foraminifera to short-term biogeochemical disturbances in the sediment and overlying water, which may be involved in oyster summer mortality, was monitored. Short-term hypoxia occurred in early June, in conjunction with a sudden rise in temperature. In mid-June, the ammonia content of sediment porewater increased, leading to potentially maximal flux towards overlying waters. Foraminiferal assemblages, particularly in the topmost layer, were altered. Ammonia tepida was the most tolerant to temperature increase and hypoxic conditions whereas Brizalina variabilis and Haynesina germanica were sensitive to organic degradation and hypoxia. Cribroelphidium gunteri was the most opportunistic during recolonisation. Benthic foraminifera showed that short-term biochemical changes in the sediment are toxic and may be involved in the summer mortality of Pacific oysters. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):419-426
Four species of penguin breed regularly at South Africa's Prince Edward Islands: king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus, gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua, macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus and southern rockhopper penguin E. chrysocome. In December 2008, it was estimated that some 65 000 pairs of king penguins were incubating eggs at Marion Island, the larger of the two islands in the group, and 2 000 pairs at Prince Edward Island. At Marion Island from 1987 to 2008, there was no long-term trend in numbers of king penguin chicks that survived to the end of the winter period, but there was considerable fluctuation in chick production in the 1990s. It was roughly estimated that on average 88% of king penguin chicks survived the winter period (from April to September/October). Numbers of gentoo penguins at Marion Island decreased from more than 1 300 pairs in the mid-1990s to fewer than 800 pairs in 2003, and then increased to almost 1 100 pairs in 2008 as breeding success improved. Between 1994/1995 and 2008/2009, numbers of macaroni and southern rockhopper penguins at Marion Island decreased by about 30% and 70% respectively. In 2008/2009, some 290 000 pairs of macaroni penguins bred at this island, mostly in two large colonies where there was a progressive decrease in the density of nests. At both these colonies, decreases in numbers breeding followed outbreaks of disease. Inadequate breeding success has influenced the decreases of macaroni and rockhopper penguins. In 2008/2009, some 42 000 pairs of southern rockhopper penguins bred at Marion Island and 12 000 pairs of macaroni penguins and 38 000 pairs of southern rockhopper penguins at Prince Edward Island. 相似文献