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1.
Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process. 相似文献
2.
With wells Puguang 2 and 6 in the Puguang gas field as the research objects by choosing organic carbon as characterization reservoir carbon(indirectly reflecting the bitumen contents),this paper discusses the relationship between bitumen contents and lithologic characteristics,reservoir characteristics,and calculates the volume of paleo-oil and oil cracked gas.The study shows that the organic carbon contents of the reservoirs are related to lithologic characteristics.Due to variations in the particle size or structure of rocks,the porosity of the reservoirs varies,furthermore,it will influence the contents of organic carbon.And the relationship between these two parameters is positive.Based on the analysis,the relationship between total organic carbon(TOC)and the contents of reservoir bitumen also appears to be positive.The volume of paleo-oil and cracked gas of the Changxing-Feixian’guan Formation are respectively 495 million tons and 360.4 billion m3 through the calculation of reservoir’s organic carbon.Therefore,the relationship between carbon-bearing rate and characteristics of the reservoirs can be used to indirectly evaluate reservoir types.Besides,the carbon-bearing rate of the reservoirs also reflects the contents of reservoir bitumen,paleo-oil as well as natural gas.It makes a new approach for the study of the types of reservoirs and the amounts of paleo-oil and oil cracked gas in northeastern Sichuan Basin. 相似文献
3.
Tectonic Setting and Nature of the Provenance of Sedimentary Rocks in Lanping Mesozoic- Cenozoic Basin： Evidence from Geochemistry of Sandstones 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
The geochemical composition of sandstones in the sedimentary basin is controlled mainly by the tectonic setting of the provenance, and it is therefore possible to reveal the tectonic setting of the provenance and the nature of source rocks in terms of the geochemical composition of sandstones. The major elements, rare-earth dements and trace elements of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sandstones in the Lanping Basin are studied in this paper, revealing that the tectonic settings of the provenance for Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Lanping Basin belong to a passive continental margin and a continental island arc. Combined with the data on sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, it is referred that the eastern part of the basin is located mainly at the tectonic setting of the passive continental margin before Mesozoic, whereas the western part may be represented by a continental island arc. This is compatible with the regional geology data. The protoliths of sedimentary rocks should be derived from the upper continental crust, and are composed mainly of felsic rocks, mixed with some andesitic rocks and old sediment components. Therefore, the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin is a typical continental-type basin. This provides strong geochemical evidence for the evolution of the paleo-Tethys and theb asin-range transition. 相似文献
4.
LI Hongyan ZHANG Guangxin SONG Dingfeng WANG Yanliang LI Jianping LI Xuqian 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(4):1162-1167
In order to study the characters of chemical kinetics for organophosphorus migration in clay with different pH, waste of organophosphorus was put under pressure to leakage permeating the cohesive soil, and simulate the process of organophosphorus leakage permeating the Aquitard, searching the characters of chemical kinetics for organophosphorus migration in clay with different pH. It is shown that the ability of migration of organophosphorus leakage permeating the cohesive soil fall with increase of pH; the penetration rate of organophosphorus is about 1.25% when pH is 7.5, organophosphorus has not penetrated the cohesive soil when pH is equal or greater than 8.5. The effect of retardarce is obvious. Concentration of PO43? that comes from the mineralization of organophosphorus is lowered slightly with increases of pH of clay, and rise with extension of time. The Chemical Kinetics equation is log c=-0.1pH+0.2172k1t+S. 相似文献
5.
The formation and evolution of basins in the China continent are closely related to the collages of many blocks and orogenic belts. Based on a large amount of the geological, geophysical, petroleum exploration data and a large number of published research results, the basement constitutions and evolutions of tectonic–sedimentary of sedimentary basins, the main border fault belts and the orogenesis of their peripheries of the basins are analyzed. Especially, the main typical basins in the eight divisions in the continent of China are analyzed in detail, including the Tarim, Ordos, Sichuan, Songliao, Bohai Bay, Junggar, Qiadam and Qiangtang basins. The main five stages of superimposed evolutions processes of basins revealed, which accompanied with the tectonic processes of the Paleo–Asian Ocean, Tethyan and Western Pacific domains. They contained the formations of main Cratons(1850–800 Ma), developments of marine basins(800–386 Ma), developments of Marine–continental transition basins and super mantle plumes(386–252 Ma), amalgamation of China Continent and developments of continental basins(252–205 Ma) and development of the foreland basins in the western and extensional faulted basin in the eastern of China(205–0 Ma). Therefore, large scale marine sedimentary basins existed in the relatively stable continental blocks of the Proterozoic, developed during the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic, with the property of the intracontinental cratons and peripheral foreland basins, the multistage superimposing and late reformations of basins. The continental basins developed on the weak or preexisting divisional basements, or the remnant and reformed marine basins in the Meso–Cenozoic, are mainly the continental margins, back–arc basins, retroarc foreland basins, intracontinental rifts and pull–apart basins. The styles and intensity deformation containing the faults, folds and the structural architecture of regional unconformities of the basins, responded to the openings, subductions, closures of oceans, the continent–continent collisions and reactivation of orogenies near the basins in different periods. The evolutions of the Tianshan–Mongol–Hinggan, Kunlun–Qilian–Qinling–Dabie–Sulu, Jiangshao–Shiwandashan, Helanshan–Longmengshan, Taihang–Wuling orogenic belts, the Tibet Plateau and the Altun and Tan–Lu Fault belts have importantly influenced on the tectonic–sedimentary developments, mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir conditions of their adjacent basins in different times. The evolutions of basins also rely on the deep structures of lithosphere and the rheological properties of the mantle. The mosaic and mirroring geological structures of the deep lithosphere reflect the pre–existed divisions and hot mantle upwelling, constrain to the origins and transforms dynamics of the basins. The leading edges of the basin tectonic dynamics will focus on the basin and mountain coupling, reconstruction of the paleotectonic–paleogeography, establishing relationship between the structural deformations of shallow surface to the deep lithosphere or asthenosphere, as well as the restoring proto–basin and depicting residual basin of the Paleozoic basin, the effects of multiple stages of volcanism and paleo–earthquake events in China. 相似文献
6.
ZHANG Letian YE Gaofeng JIN Sheng WEI Wenbo Martyn UNSWORTH Alan G. JONES JING Jianen DONG Hao XIE Chengliang Florian LE PAPE Jan VOZAR 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):90-104
Project INDEPTH (InterNational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya) is an interdisciplinary program designed to develop a better understanding of deep structures and mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau. As a component of magnetotelluric (MT) work in the 4th phase of the project, MT data were collected along a profile that crosses the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault on the northern margin of the plateau. Time series data processing used robust algorithms to give high quality responses. Dimensionality analysis showed that 2D approach is only valid for the northern section of the profile. Consequently, 2D inversions were only conducted for the northern section, and 3D inversions were conducted on MT data from the whole profile. From the 2D inversion model, the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault only appears as a crustal structure, which suggests accommodation of strike slip motion along the Altyn Tagh fault by thrusting within the Qilian block. A large-scale off-profile conductor within the mid-lower crust of the Qilian block was revealed from the 3D inversion model, which is probably correlated with the North Qaidam thrust belt. Furthermore, the unconnected conductors from the 3D inversion model indicate that deformations in the study area are generally localized. 相似文献
7.
The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement. 相似文献
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Well known for its abundant and extraordinary soft-tissue fossils, the Chengjiang fauna has witnessed the main phase of the Cambrian explosion and the first great congress of the ancestors of nearly all major phyla of animals on Earth. The large-scale survey and exploration of the fauna by Chinese paleontologists, partly in collaboration with international scientists, over the past 30 years can be broadly divided into three stages. In the first decade since 1984 (1984-1994), a large number of invertebrates, including basal animals and the protostomes of the early animal tree were discovered, but the subkingdom Deuterostomia was completely unknown. Then in the second decade (1995-2005), the great discoveries of various deuterostomes led to the construction of the basic framework of the Deuterostomia and then to the formation of the tripartite phylogenetic trees of early animals (TPTEA, including basal animals, protostomes and deuterostomes), for the first time. In the third decade (after 2005), the academic community began to think about the internal relationships between the formation of TPTEA and the multi-episode Cambrian explosion, leading to the new hypothesis of the three-episode Cambrian explosion. The Chengjiang fauna is important for deciphering the fauna structure, paleoecological environment, and so on. However, its core academic values mainly rest on two aspects. Firstly, The Chengjiang fauna, as the main phase witness of the Cambrian explosion, has created a nearly complete phylogenetic framework of the TPTEA on Earth for the first time. The three-phase radiation hypothesis reveals the essential connotation of the Cambrian explosion: a step-wise divergent evolution of animals, from basal to highly advanced groups, lasting about 40 million years. In the first phase, it gave birth to a bulk of basal animals (including some now extinct “animal” groups) in the latest Ediacaran, probably including some pioneer protostomes. The second phase took place in the first epoch of the Cambrian period (Terreneuvian), giving rise to the main invertebrate protostomes with a persistent prosperity of basal animals. The third phase proceeded in Cambrian Epoch 2 (represented by the Chengjiang fauna), which not only maintained the prosperity of basal animals and protostomes, but also, more importantly, gave birth to all the main phyla of the subkingdom Deuterostomia. Thus, the rudimental framework of the whole TPTEA has been shaped, with the termination of the major innovation events of the Cambrian explosion. Here, we discussed the evolutionary properties of Ediacaran biota, small shelly fossils and the Chengjiang fauna in the Cambrian explosion with emphasis on the biological properties of several important animal groups. The order Myllokunmingiida is the only known oldest vertebrate, while Yunnanozoon and Haikouella are neither vertebrates nor stem-group chordates but a special group of basal deuterostomes; Cheungkongella is a credible ancestor of the urochordate and it supports the classical hypothesis on the origin of the urochordates; and the gill slits were first invented in the members of the phylum Vetulicolia to provide key information on the origin of the deuterostomes. The second core value of the Chengjiang fauna is of profound humanistic and philosophical significance: the discoveries of the ‘first gill openings’, ‘first brain’, ‘first vertebrae’ and ‘first heart’ provide the pivotal evidence for solving the unsolved mystery of the origin of the main basic human organs as described in Darwin’s “The Descent of Man”. In addition, the morphological and anatomical information of the Chengjiang fauna can provide important clues for a better understanding of most components of Ediacaran and Cambrian metazoans. 相似文献
9.
It has been over a hundred years since the birth of research on Chinese geosciences history, which was accompanied by the continuous progress of Chinese geosciences. For hundreds of years, it has grown out of nothing to brilliant performance by several generations of Chinese geologists committing their hearts and minds with the spirit of exert and strive without stop to promote the process of China's industrialization and to produce the significant impact on serving the society. The study of Chinese geosciences history reflects objectively and historically the history of geosciences in China, which has recorded, analyzed and evaluated the dynamic process sitting in the background and clue of the history of Chinese geosciences development. The study of the history of geological science has roughly experienced two stages in China. The first stage is the study of individual researchers. It spanned approximately 70 years from the early 20th century to the end of the 1970s. The research contents were mainly based on the evolution of geological organizations, the development and utilization of individual mineral species, the history of deposit discovery and the research of geological characters. The main representatives are Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao and Li Siguang, Ye Liangfu, Huang Jiqing, Yang Zhongjian, Xie Jiarong, Gao Zhenxi, Wang Bingzhang and etc. The most prominent feature of this period is the accumulation of a very valuable document for the study of the history of China's geological history and lays a foundation for the exchange of geological science between China and foreign countries. The second stage is organized group study. It took around 60 years from the 1920s to 1980s. It includes the history of Chinese geology, the history of geological organizations, the history of geological disciplines, the history of geological education, the history of geological philosophy, the history of Chinese and foreign geological science communication, the history of geologists and etc. The most chief feature of this stage is the birth of academic research institute―the establishment of the Commission on the History of Geology of the Geological Society of China. 相似文献
10.
Dynamic Systems of Petroleum Accumulation in the Nanpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>It is significant to distinguish the dynamic systems of petroleum accumulation(DSPA) for the understanding of petroleum accumulation and distribution.According to the formation pressure framework,genetic types of petroleum and characteristics of conduit systems,three dynamic systems of petroleum accumulation were identified in the vertical profile in the Nanpu depression,Bohai Bay basin.The deeper DSPA(including formations Es_3 to Es_2) is a sealed system with high-overpressure and high-mature self-sourced oil.Most of the crude oil in the system accumulated in the periods of late Oligocene(23.5 Ma) and late Pliocene(2.4 Ma).The middle DSPA(including formations Es_1 to Ed_1) is an overpressured half-sealed system with mature or lower-mature self-sourced oil.The accumulation of oil in the system also occurred in the late Oligocene(23.5 Ma) and late Pliocene(2.4 Ma).The shallower DSPA(including formations Ed_2 to Q) is a hydrostatic system with lower-mature aliensourced oil from the middle system.Oil within this system accumulated only in the late Pliocene period.The oil in the shallower system migrated vertically along the faults from the formerly accumulated oil in the middle system by lateral migration along the sandbodies,whereas petroleum accumulation in the deeper system was mainly derived from the system itself by lateral migration along the sandbodies and rarely migrated out of the system.In this case,it seems that the deeper system is a more potential exploration prospect in addition to the other two proved favorable systems. 相似文献
11.
通过介绍徐州龟山汉墓的建筑特点及病害特征,分析了汉墓病害的产生原因,为治理病害的施工图设计及具体文物加固保护方案提供了极为有益的借鉴资料. 相似文献
12.
水泥混凝土路面使用寿命的长短,除取决于施工质质量外,在很大程度上取决于养护质量。水泥混凝土路面破损一旦发生．破损状况将迅速发展,对行车的舒适性和道路顺畅造成严重影响,养护难度也相应加大。通过六安境内某段一级公路水泥混凝土路面的病害调查,对其形式和成因进行分析,在公路养护中提出了处治病害的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
通过对乌鲁木齐市区域水文地质，实测水化学资料及前人有关地下水水化学研究成果，总结了市区地下水水化学变化规律，同时对1996－2000年乌鲁木齐市地下水环境质量状况进行了水文地质化学综合评价。结果表明，1996－2000年间乌鲁木齐地下水污染面积减少，污染程度减轻，水体质量好转，地下水环境状况有明显改善。这一结果与近年来政府环境保护政策的贯彻落实，及各部门采取的防止地下水污染措施密切相关。 相似文献
14.
文中通过级配分析、击实试验,分析了高液限粘土路基填土的物理力学特性和压实特性。认为现行以压实度为指标的压实控制标准不完备,是引起公路病害的主要原因之一。建议引入空气体积率作为粘土路基压实程度的评判标准,并提高现有压实度控制标准中路堤的压实度。 相似文献
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河南洛阳龙门石窟溶蚀病害机理的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
河南洛阳龙门石窟位于碳酸盐岩体中,易于溶蚀。近年来,石窟区伊河水以及雨水中Cl-、SO2-3等有害离子明显增加,加剧了石窟的岩溶病害。在龙门石窟溶蚀现4、NO-4、NH+状调查的基础上,从岩溶的空间分布规律、岩体结构渗水连通网络和微观结构等方面探讨了溶蚀病害的机理。提出治理龙门石窟溶蚀病害的根本途径是治水,应该通过裂隙注浆,设置地表防渗铺盖和地表排水系统等止水措施,杜绝雨水入渗到洞窟内溶蚀雕刻品。此外,对现有岩溶沉淀物可以采用软化剥离的方法进行人工清除,对雕刻品上的溶洞、溶沟等可采用石窟原岩岩屑调制的修复砂浆进行充填修复。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101282
Ongoing uncertainty over the relative importance of aerosol transmission of COVID-19 is in part rooted in the history of medical science and our understanding of how epidemic diseases can spread through human populations. Ancient Greek medical theory held that such illnesses are transmitted by airborne pathogenic emanations containing particulate matter (“miasmata”). Notable Roman and medieval scholars such as Varro, Ibn al-Khatib and Fracastoro developed these ideas, combining them with early germ theory and the concept of contagion. A widely held but vaguely defined belief in toxic miasmatic mists as a dominant causative agent in disease propagation was overtaken by the science of 19th century microbiology and epidemiology, especially in the study of cholera, which was proven to be mainly transmitted by contaminated water. Airborne disease transmission came to be viewed as burdened by a dubious historical reputation and difficult to demonstrate convincingly. A breakthrough came with the classic mid-20th century work of Wells, Riley and Mills who proved how expiratory aerosols (their “droplet nuclei”) could transport still-infectious tuberculosis bacteria through ventilation systems. The topic of aerosol transmission of pathogenic respiratory diseases assumed a new dimension with the mid-late 20th century “Great Acceleration” of an increasingly hypermobile human population repeatedly infected by different strains of zoonotic viruses, and has taken centre stage this century in response to outbreaks of new respiratory infections that include coronaviruses. From a geoscience perspective, the consequences of pandemic-status diseases such as COVID-19, produced by viral pathogens utilising aerosols to infect a human population currently approaching 8 billion, are far-reaching and unprecedented. The obvious and sudden impacts on for example waste plastic production, water and air quality and atmospheric chemistry are accelerating human awareness of current environmental challenges. As such, the “anthropause” lockdown enforced by COVID-19 may come to be seen as a harbinger of change great enough to be preserved in the Anthropocene stratal record. 相似文献
19.
隧道衬砌病害地质雷达探测正演模拟与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国内大多数隧道都存在着不同程度的病害,其中诸如衬砌开裂、不密实、含有空洞和渗漏水等衬砌病害是隧道最常见的病害类型,严重影响行车安全。地质雷达（GPR）可以用来对隧道衬砌病害进行快速无损探测,但对于衬砌病害的解译十分依赖于探测人员的经验,很容易造成误判和漏判。因此,对隧道衬砌病害进行分类,并针对典型衬砌病害类型进行建模,利用时域有限差分（FDTD）法对衬砌病害模型进行地质雷达探测正演模拟,针对衬砌渗漏水和存在钢筋干扰等特殊情况,通过频谱分析对病害进行了定量识别,总结出典型衬砌病害的地质雷达探测解释准则,最后结合工程实例对衬砌病害进行了推断和解译。结果验证了衬砌病害地质雷达探测正演模拟和解释准则的可靠性。 相似文献