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时频峰值滤波算法是一种新颖的基于时频分析的信号增强算法,能够有效地消除随机噪声,恢复有效波信息.本文将这种时频分析算法用于消除地震勘探资料中的随机噪声,对淹没于随机噪声下的40道共炮点记录进行时频峰值滤波,恢复出来的共炮点记录可以清楚地表现原始记录同相轴的位置.经过对40道中任选两道（即第21道和第7道）滤波前后的子波形态Wigner\|Ville分布、傅立叶振幅谱等的比较,可知仅在谷值和峰值点误差较大,子波带宽相对误差小于25％.仿真试验表明信噪比可达－7dB,说明该方法可以有效地消减地震资料中的随机噪声. 相似文献
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由于金属矿区地震记录中随机噪声性质复杂且信噪比低,常规降噪方法难以达到预期的滤波效果.时频峰值滤波(TFPF)方法是实现低信噪比地震勘探记录中随机噪声压制的有效方法,但其在复杂地震勘探随机噪声下时窗参数优化问题仍难以解决.本文充分利用地震勘探噪声的统计特性,结合Shapiro-Wilk(SW)统计量辨识地震勘探记录中的微弱有效信号,提出基于SW统计量的自适应时频峰值滤波降噪方法(S-TFPF).在S-TFPF方案中,对于有效信号集中区,S-TFPF方法根据信号频率特征,选择有利于信号保持的较短时窗长度;对于噪声集中区,按噪声方差自适应增加时窗长度,增强随机噪声压制能力.S-TFPF应用于合成记录和共炮点记录的滤波结果表明,与传统时频峰值滤波方法相比,S-TFPF方法可以有效抑制低信噪比地震勘探记录中的随机噪声,更好地恢复出同相轴. 相似文献
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本文将时频峰值滤波(TFPF)去噪技术应用于共炮点地震资料的随机噪声压制.时频峰值滤波技术是通过频率调制将信号调制成解析信号的瞬时频率,利用解析信号的Wigner-Ville分布的峰值进行瞬时频率估计,恢复有效信号,与其它去噪方法相比,TFPF具有在较少的约束条件下压制强随机噪声的优点.本文针对实际地震资料的非线性特性,利用加窗的Wigner-Ville分布实现TFPF,使得地震信号在一个窗长内近似满足线性瞬时频率条件,减小由地震信号非线性引起的偏差.本文对共炮点地震记录做时频峰值滤波处理,滤波结果表明在地震勘探资料中存在强随机噪声的情况下,利用局部线性化处理的时频峰值滤波技术可以有效地压制地震资料中的随机噪声,恢复出湮没在随机噪声中的地震反射信号.信噪比提高3～6 dB. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
利用可控震源进行地震勘探时,通常都需要进行相关滤波,相关滤波结果的好坏取决于所选取的子波与有效反射波的相关性.海洋地震勘探常用的电火花震源激发能量通常可以调控,理论上,同一激发能量产生的震源子波应当是一致的,因此可以仿效可控震源资料的处理手段,对单道地震资料进行相关处理.但在复杂多变的海洋环境下,震源参数也要随勘探条件的变化而改变,采用理论计算或实验环境下获得的子波模型进行相关滤波往往难以达到预期的效果,需要寻找与实际勘探中激发的地震波相似度更高的地震子波.单道地震记录中直达波的能量较强,波形畸变较小,与震源子波较为接近.本文建立了一种利用直达波提取地震子波的方法,并应用到实际资料.实际资料的地震子波提取和相关滤波处理结果显示,利用直达波提取地震子波进行相关滤波能够有效地压制干扰波、突出有效波,提高了地震记录的信噪比.需要注意的是:1)提取子波的过程中要降低环境因素的影响,可利用统计平均的方法来实现;2)相关滤波时要根据实际处理效果的改善程度选择相关子波长度. 相似文献
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径向时频峰值滤波算法是一种有效保持低信噪比地震勘探记录中反射同相轴的随机噪声压制方法,但该算法对空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制效果不理想.本文研究空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,即各道噪声功率不同的地震勘探随机噪声,其在径向滤波轨线上表征近似脉冲噪声,在径向时频峰值滤波过程中干扰相邻道滤波结果.为了减小空间非平稳随机噪声的影响,本文提出一种基于绝对级差统计量(ROAD)的径向时频峰值滤波随机噪声压制方法.该方法首先根据径向轨线上信号的绝对级差统计量检测空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,然后结合局部时频峰值滤波和径向时频峰值滤波压制地震勘探记录中的随机噪声.将ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法应用于合成记录和实际共炮点地震记录,结果表明ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法可以压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声且不损害有效信号,有效抑制随机噪声空间非平稳对滤波结果的影响.与径向时频峰值滤波相比,ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法更适用于空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制. 相似文献
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Ricker子波核支持向量回归方法是消减地震勘探记录强随机噪声的新滤波技术.用判定支持向量允许核函数的Mercer条件探讨Ricker子波核函数的有效性,经过数值计算相应的核矩阵的最小特征值,发现在一个较大范围内存在极小的负值带,数量级为10-13~10-16,且在正值带中亦存在10-13~10-15数量级的量.考虑到正负极小量值的计算误差机理相近,认为判定核函数有效性的Mercer条件在工程应用时有可能适当放宽,即核矩阵不严格半正定,接近半正定亦可.为了将Ricker子波核支持向量回归滤波方法向实际应用发展,本文对不同的理论模型的Ricker子波核滤波和小波变换滤波、自适应维纳滤波这三种技术的效果进行了比较,包括时域波形、频域振幅谱、滤波前后的信噪比以及均方误差等方面.结果表明,Ricker子波核滤波方法优于另两种方法.为实际应用Ricker子波核滤波方法奠定基础. 相似文献
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针对地震勘探资料中存在加性强随机噪声干扰,已经提出用混沌振子系统处理的方法技术.为完善该方法,需要研究诸如地震勘探同相轴完整程度、组成同相轴的地震子波变化等对系统检测效果的影响.本文以Ricker子波模拟地震子波,研究Ricker子波视主频变化的相应检测效果.研究结果：随着Ricker子波视主频的升高,检测SNR逐渐变差,在高频部分SNR的变化明显比低频部分缓慢;在通常地震勘探频率范围内,混沌振子系统检测SNR有可能部分补偿由于地震波传播引起的幅度降低;为检测由畸变子波构成的同相轴提供一定的可能. 相似文献
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地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
地震资料的反褶积处理是通过改造地震激发子波,进而消除地震激发子波在传播过程中所受的虚反射、层间多次反射和大地滤波等影响的一种地震勘探资料处理方法.反褶积的方法很多,如:脉冲反褶积、预测反褶积、地表一致性反褶积.它们之间主要区别之一在于对地震子波的假设和估计地震子波的方法.所以在处理过程中应根据不同的区域资料特征采取不同的反褶积方法.本文以河南省某煤预查区地震勘探为实例,着重总结和比较地表一致性反褶积技术在地震资料处理中的应用效果.应用研究表明,适当选择时窗和自相关步长进行自相关分析,地表一致性反褶积能够展宽频谱,压缩地震子波,并能校正地震信号的相位谱,输出零相位子波,可以较大程度地提高地震资料的分辨率,提高勘探能力. 相似文献
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时频峰值滤波(TFPF)算法是一种非常有效的去噪方法.但是传统的TFPF采用的单一窗长,并且仅沿时间方向进行滤波,忽略了信号的空间信息,并且TFPF近似等效成一个时不变的低通滤波器,不能追踪快速变化的信号.针对这些问题,引入空间局部加权回归自适应TFPF(SLWR-ATFPF).鉴于随机噪声在各个位置的方向随机性,以及有效信号在各个位置的方向确定性,首先利用空间局部加权回归(SLWR),对含噪信号进行空间加权,从而使加权之后的信号包含空间信息.然后,再引入凸集和Viterbi的思想,对空间加权之后的信号进行自适应滤波.从而,完成时空域二维自适应滤波.将SLWR-ATFPF应用于合成记录和实际的共炮点记录,实验结果表明,改进的方法与原算法相比,能够在压制低信噪比(SNR)随机噪声的同时更好地保留有效信号. 相似文献
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This article utilizes Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter to eliminate seismic random noise. This is a novel method for seismic random noise reduction in which SG filter adopts piecewise weighted polynomial via leastsquares estimation. Therefore, effective smoothing is achieved in extracting the original signal from noise environment while retaining the shape of the signal as close as possible to the original one. Although there are lots of classical methods such as Wiener filtering and wavelet denoising applied to eliminate seismic random noise, the SG filter outperforms them in approximating the true signal. SG filter will obtain a good tradeoff in waveform smoothing and valid signal preservation under suitable conditions. These are the appropriate window size and the polynomial degree. Through examples from synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, we demonstrate the good performance of SG filter by comparing it with the Wiener filtering and wavelet denoising methods. 相似文献
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Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition of seismic data and its application in hydrocarbon detection 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ya‐juan Xue Jun‐xing Cao Ren‐fei Tian Hao‐kun Du Yao Yao 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1441-1453
How to use cepstrum analysis for reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon detection is an initial question of great interest to exploration seismologists. In this paper, wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is proposed as a valid technology for enhancing geophysical responses in specific frequency bands, in the same way as traditional spectrum decomposition methods do. The calculation of wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition, which decomposes the original seismic volume into a series of common quefrency volumes, employs a sliding window to move over each seismic trace sample by sample. The key factor in wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition is the selection of the sliding‐window length as it limits the frequency ranges of the common quefrency section. Comparison of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition with traditional spectrum decomposition methods, such as short‐time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition and the relation between these two technologies. In hydrocarbon detection, seismic amplitude anomalies are detected using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition by utilizing the first and second common quefrency sections. This reduces the burden of needing dozens of seismic volumes to represent the response to different mono‐frequency sections in the interpretation of spectrum decomposition in conventional spectrum decomposition methods. The model test and the application of real data acquired from the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin, China, confirm the effectiveness of the seismic amplitude anomaly section using wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition for discerning the strong amplitude anomalies at a particular quefrency buried in the broadband seismic response. Wavelet‐based cepstrum decomposition provides a new method for measuring the instantaneous cepstrum properties of a reservoir and offers a new field of processing and interpretation of seismic reflection data. 相似文献
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针对地震勘探随机噪声的压制,本文应用拉伸厄米特高斯函数设计出方向可控滤波器.根据时空域上随机噪声的无方向性与有效信号的有向性的区别,通过局部数字特征,对数据进行选择后重组信号.方向选择性的增加,使得滤波过程能与不同方向的轴进行匹配,噪声被压制的同时保持信号的幅度;方向可调性,使得计算效率提高,且所需存储空间减少.仿真实验表明,采用此方法,信号保幅性和去噪效果均比传统的小波算法以及Curvelet变换好,在-5db信噪比下,本文方法保幅度为92.99%,信噪比提升221.774%,在实际地震信号处理中有明显的抑制噪声、保持有用信号的效果. 相似文献
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To suppress the strong noise in seismic data with wide range of amplitudes, commonly used methods often yield unsatisfactory denoising results owing to inappropriate thresholds and require parametric testing as well as iterations to achieve the anticipated results. To overcome these problems, a data-driven strong amplitude suppression method based on the decibel criterion in the wavelet domain (ISANA) is proposed. The method determines the denoising threshold based on the decibel criterion and statistically analyzes the amplitude index rather than the abnormally high amplitudes. The method distinguishes the frequency band distributions of the valid signals in the time–frequency domain based on the wavelet transformation and then calculates thresholds in selected time windows, eventually achieving frequency-divided noise attenuation for better denoising. Simulations based on theoretical and real-world data verify the adaptability and low dependence of the method on the size of the time window. The method suppresses noise without energy loss in the signals. 相似文献
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Polarization analysis of multi-component seismic data is used in both exploration seismology and earthquake seismology. In
single-station polarization processing, it is generally assumed that any noise present in the window of analysis is incoherent,
i.e., does not correlate between components. This assumption is often violated in practice because several overlapping seismic
events may be present in the data. The additional arrival(s) to that of interest can be viewed as coherent noise. This paper
quantifies the error because of coherent noise interference. We first give a general theoretical analysis of the problem.
A simple mathematical wavelet is then used to obtain a closed-form solution to the principal direction estimated for a transient
incident signal superposed with a time-shifted, unequal amplitude version of itself, arriving at an arbitrary angle to the
first wavelet. The effects of relative amplitude, arrival angle, and the time delay of the two wavelets on directional estimates
are investigated. Even for small differences in angle of arrival, there may be significant error (>10°) in the azimuth estimate. 相似文献