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1.
Georges Benko 《GeoJournal》2000,51(3):157-167
Technologies have played an important role in the restructuring of the productive system in the last quarter of the 20th century. The article looks at the macroeconomic context and at the transformation of the industrial organization. It then defines the concept of technopole. The author traces the principal elements of the different attempts of theorization with a critical angle, shows the logic of contemporary industry localisation, as well as the role of technopoles in regional development. Regional and industrial policy are then seen as the basis of the process of industrialization and of the technological transfer. 相似文献
2.
Regional innovation strategies in the knowledge-based economy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sam Ock Park 《GeoJournal》2001,53(1):29-38
This paper aims to examine major regional innovation strategies for regional development in the knowledge-based economy in Korea. Innovation policy and Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) are becoming important issues in Korea in both national and regional perspectives. These issues have been evolving since the mid 1990s, especially since the financial crisis of 1997 in Korea. Five major policy issues for promoting innovation and regional competitiveness are examined in this paper. The major policy issues are: promoting region-specific clustering; building habitats for innovation and entrepreneurship; collective learning processes and innovation networks; building a stock of social capital; and promoting local and global networks. Several strategies are suggested for each of these policy issues. These major policy issues and related strategies for regional innovation and competitiveness can be regarded as common issues required for the successful development of RIS. Taking these basic policy issues into account, each region can develop their own region-specific RIS, with appropriate consideration of distinctive regional characteristics such as the level of development, industrial specialization, local labor market, local business climate, local financial system, etc. 相似文献
3.
《Geoforum》2017
“Political-industrial ecology” has been proposed as an emerging subfield of nature-society geography. In mapping out the landscape of this subfield, this paper develops a typology of three approaches to connecting politics and industrial ecology: (1) Integrative research that incorporates social, political, policy, institutional, and/or spatial considerations into industrial ecology analyses (“politics in industrial ecology”); (2) Complementary research that couples findings or frameworks from industrial ecology with social and political research (“politics and industrial ecology”); and (3) Critical research that examine how values, norms, groups, political relations, or institutions shape the production, interpretation, and usage of industrial ecology knowledge (“politics of industrial ecology”). This broad framing of political-industrial ecology invites contributions from many social sciences, including political ecology, political geography, political economy, sociology, public policy, management, environmental history, and science and technology studies. 相似文献
4.
Despite the widespread incorporation of sustainable development into policy discourses, actually achieving the ‘win-win-win’ scenario of economic, environmental and social development continues to be problematic. Advocates of industrial ecology suggest that by shifting the basis of industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system, these gains can be achieved. In recent years, concepts drawn from industrial ecology have been used to plan and develop eco-industrial parks (EIPs) that seek to increase business competitiveness, reduce waste and pollution, create jobs and improve working conditions. Despite a growing interest in EIPs, there have been few empirically informed studies that seek to explore the potential contribution such EIPs may make to sustainable development. This paper contributes to a developing sympathetic critique of industrial ecology by focusing on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in the course of developing eco-industrial parks, drawing upon empirical work conducted in the USA. The paper draws upon both an extensive survey of EIPs and in-depth interviews conducted with a range of stakeholders at ten US sites. As the paper reveals, EIPs in the USA are in their early stages and likewise their contribution to both economic development and environmental policy, let alone social policies, is complicated and inchoate. The empirical material reveals that key features of industrial ecology such as inter-firm networking and collaboration in the form of materials interchange and energy cascading are either absent or in the early planning stages. In each of the ten cases what is emerging is a form of EIP partly determined by the geographic setting and broader economic realities of the locality. While collaborative behaviour between firms is central to EIP development if the potential benefits of industrial ecology are to be realised, it is important to realise that such behaviour is difficult to develop from scratch through policy intervention. In conclusion, the paper suggests that expectations must be realistic for the community and location in question. As part of that realism, EIP projects must be designed to allow for a gradual approach, and each phase needs to be financially viable. 相似文献
5.
基于GIS和单元簇的模糊逻辑推理及其在区域矿产预测中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
论述了 GIS支持下的一种基于“单元簇”概念和模糊逻辑推理的多元地学信息综合分析方法及其在区域矿产预测中的应用。针对以往矿产定量预测中的单元划分方法对空间信息利用不足的问题 ,用单元的空间组合 (“单元簇”)代替单元作为定量类比的基本单位 ,从而能较充分地利用地质变量的局部空间结构信息 ;将单元作为 GIS区图元 ,利用 GIS空间分析功能实现对单元及单元簇的管理和操作 ;建立两个层次即变量对单元和组成单元对单元簇的模糊推理规则 ,经两次模糊推理计算出所有未知单元的找矿有利度 ,为进一步圈定找矿远景区提供了基础 ,并以新疆康古尔塔格地区金矿预测实例说明了其应用效果 相似文献
6.
Immigration has become a leading topic of Italian political discourse and culture over the past decade, but international migrants also play a crucial role in the transformation of political culture at the scale of everyday practices. In the northern Italian industrial city, Turin, migrants from various parts of Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia bring into relief the deconstruction of postwar labor in Italy, and contribute widely to shifting political practices and identities. Contemporary migrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds are discriminated against in similar ways, and are in the historically peculiar position of building diasporic politics. In Turin, first generation migrants have helped lead newcomers toward active participation in local politics, from the shop floors to the labor unions, and to inter-ethnic and feminist associations. 相似文献
7.
The handling of the solid industrial waste (SIW) generated in Catalonia is one of the main problems of industrial and territorial policy confronting the public bodies controlling this area of activity. The most recent estimates in this regard indicate that the annual production of SIW is 1,700,000 tons and that only 300,000 tons are treated.In this situation it is usual for a large number of industries to eliminate their SIW furtively, it is common practice to dump waste in various unprepared areas. In this article we present a series of hypotheses which we believe allow us to understand the logic that guides the siting of a large number of these dumps.In the first place we demonstrate the importance of a series of conditions derived from the same industrial logic, to wit, a) the cost of transporting the SIW to the dumps, b) the industrial decentralization process and the metropolitan development of Catalonia, c) vertical integration and the appearance of companies especially dedicated to the elimination of waste and, d) the development of land use through revaluation of the land and greater possibilities for control forces furtive dumps to be sited in more and more distant areas.Secondly, we examine the role of public bodies in this process, concentrating on the characteristics of the legal system and the real effectiveness of urban controls. Finally, in third place, an explanation is given of research carried out in the Barcelona area which shows the importance of the conditions examined above. 相似文献
8.
矿产资源在西部大开发战略中的地位 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
矿产资源开发活动对区域经济社会发展的作用主要体现在工业化贡献、市场化贡献、城市化贡献和交通贡献4个方面, 是区域经济高速增长的重要引擎.从总体上讲, 中国西部地区的资源优势体现在矿产资源而不在农业资源.由于历史的原因, 西部地区的智力支持系统和科技能力发育程度比较低, 旅游资源的开发利用还有一个资金积累和市场发育过程.工业化是实现西部经济发展不可逾越的阶段.以矿业为主导产业, 大规模地开发矿产资源并注重矿业后问题, 是实施西部大开发战略的重要内容. 相似文献
9.
虚拟水理论方法与西北4省(区)虚拟水实证研究 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
虚拟水是水资源管理研究中的新概念,是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量;虚拟水战略是指缺水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型产品(粮食)来获得本地水和粮食的安全。引入了虚拟水的概念,简要介绍了当前国际虚拟水研究进展和计算方法。同时结合西北地区的实际情况和资料的可获得性,计算了2000年新疆、青海、甘肃、陕西4省（区）居民消费的虚拟水数量和人均虚拟水消费情况,并分析了虚拟水战略对西北地区解决水资源短缺问题的政策涵义,最后分析了虚拟水战略的优劣,并提出了西北地区应用虚拟水战略的前景和有关措施. 相似文献
10.
The development of clusters of local growth is supported by different processes. Endogenous economic development produced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is based on family firms in which local market characteristics influence the sectorial diversification that emerges within certain regions. In the Berguedà region (Catalonia, Spain), the formation of a successful network of SMEs in three main sectors (food, textile and machinery) in the 1990s demonstrated the importance of grass-roots prerequisites, including industrial tradition, social networks and a sense of spatial loyalty, one of the main concepts studied in this paper. The aim of this paper is to study how institutions, local economic networks and collective social agents generate a propitious economic space that constitutes favourable embedding in Berguedà. However, the key element in this industrial system is the loyalty that entrepreneurs and workers feel towards their industrial region. These two processes, territorial embeddedness and spatial loyalty, appear to be two of the major forces behind the economic dynamism of the region and have led to the formation of a new cluster of firms. 相似文献
11.
This study examines new and small firms policy, specifically of the present government, from a policy process viewpoint. This disaggregates the decision-making process into three stages: formulation, implementation and evaluation. The analysis of policy displays how the conceptualisation of the economic system is translated into policy formulation and thence implementation. The internal logic of these two stages is examined, and anomalies are identified in these and in the transmission of policy between them. Performance evaluation, examining the efficacy of current measures, produces conflicting evidence, but this is partially explained by the undermining of both the assumptions and aims of the policy. Finally, criticisms of the policy are highlighted and further avenues of interest are suggested. 相似文献
12.
José Luis Sánchez-Hernández Javier Aparicio-Amador José Luis Alonso-Santos 《Geoforum》2010,41(3):469-478
This article draws on the theory of conventions and the concept of worlds of production for an interpretation of the transformations of a regional production system over several decades. Wine production in the Spanish region of Castile and Leon has shifted from a world of local and interpersonal production (prevailing before 1960) to the current preferred orientation towards quality markets, having passed through an intermediate phase (1960-1980) of table and bulk wines industrial production. Recently, indications have appeared of a return to an interpersonal and neo-artisanal production on the part of prestigious winemakers who distribute their wines to selected international clients. This path is the result of a gradual modification of the dominant conventions of the business, which has experienced a spectacular development in Castile and Leon, whose wines are now appreciated in many foreign markets. This evolution of conventions may be interpreted as an innovative process maintained to challenge the trends and demands of the market. But this argument does not explain how conventions change and how these changes spread along the production chain. Therefore, this article discusses the contribution of three factors to this shift across different worlds of wine production: organization of the production chain; regulations regarding the protection of food differentiated according to its geographic origin; and the setting up of a regional innovation system which supports the wine sector. 相似文献
13.
水资源短缺为掣肘安徽省经济社会可持续发展约束因素之一,提高水资源利用效率是破解其关键。运用完全分解模型,就技术进步、结构变动因素对安徽省单位GDP水耗贡献份额进行了测度,结果表明:(1)2001~2014年,技术进步导致安徽省单位GDP用水年均下降31.91m3,是提高水资源利用效率关键因素,贡献率高达88.69%,三次产业技术进步贡献率分别为45.19%、38.59%、4.91%;(2)产业结构调整对安徽省单位GDP用水强度下降贡献率为11.31%,三次产业变动贡献率分别为-4.98%、0.62%、15.66%。提高安徽省水资源利用效率核心在于:依靠科技创新,促进一、二产业技术水平提升,调整、优化产业结构,大力提高第三产业比重。研究结果,可为安徽省制定水资源利用效率的政策提供决策参考。 相似文献
14.
Wan Ying Lim Ahmad Zaharin Aris Sarva Mangala Praveena 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4891-4901
The current study presents the application of selected chemometric techniques—hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA)—to evaluate the spatial variation of the water chemistry and to classify the pollution sources in the Langat River. The HCA rendered the sampling stations into two clusters (group 1 and group 2) and identified the vulnerable stations that are under threat. Group1 (LY 1 to LY 14) is associated with seawater intrusion, while group 2 (LY 15 to LY 30) is associated with agricultural and industrial pollution. PCA analysis was applied to the water datasets for group 1 resulting in four components, which explained 85 % of the total variance while group 2 extracted six components, explaining 88 % of the variance. The components obtained from PCA indicated that seawater intrusion, agricultural and industrial pollution, and geological weathering were potential sources of pollution to the study area. This study demonstrated the usefulness of the chemometric techniques on the interpretation of large complex datasets for the effective management of water resources. 相似文献
15.
16.
The prospects of an adjustment policy based on collective learning in old industrial regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper aims to discuss the possibilities of adopting a policy based on collective learning in old industrial regions. This is particularly interesting because old industrial regions are believed to have lost their learning capabilities, as indicated by notions of `technological' and `institutional' lock-in. Moreover, the success stories where positive effects of interactive learning have been observed (Silicon Valley, Baden-Württemberg) all share the lack of an industrial past.First, we specify how a theoretical framework based on interactive learning, which tries to explain the industrial decline of old agglomerations, may look like, and how such an approach differs from other approaches. Then, we set out a policy framework that aims to deal with the process of structural adjustment and which incorporates the ideas of interactive learning based on socio-cultural factors. In this respect, we distinguish between two possible routes of adjustment, which reveal a complex interplay between different types of agglomeration economies, innovations and restructuring processes. Finally, we devote attention to the problems such a policy based on the notion of the learning region may face, such as the problem of how to overcome a negative lock-in situation caused by localized path dependency. 相似文献
17.
Kee-Bom Nahm 《GeoJournal》1999,49(3):289-299
In recent years, central Seoul has been experiencing a dynamic transformation. In the process of reorganization of the urban
industrial structure including tertiarization and quaternarization of the economic base of Seoul, business services are growing
very rapidly and large scale urban renewal projects are quickly implemented. Downtown office activities become a nucleus for
economic performance of Seoul and high-rise office buildings steer the landscape transformation of central Seoul. Even though
there appears to exist some evidence that office districts have dispersed to several subcenters, major office activities are
still concentrated in central Seoul. This paper redefines office industry in a narrow sense comprising only relevant economic
sectors and office buildings as office activity-functioning units. It then explores the industrial networking and territorial
specialization of office activities focusing on the dual process of concentration and dispersion in Seoul. The changing characteristics
of the downtown linkages of office activities in this post-industrial era transforms the spatial economy of central Seoul
into a more flexible and volatile system, while territorial concentration of power and control functions are fortified at
the same time. Finally, the paper addresses the development of manufacturing- tertiary-quaternary industrial complexes, which
can be regarded as emerging industrial clusters, producing the cultural economy of urban space and images for clients and
customers, in relation to urban competitiveness and territorial specialization of large metropolitan areas.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
地质遗迹是具有独特观赏价值和科普价值的自然遗产,旅游资源化是地质遗迹保护与利用协调发展的最佳方式。提出地质遗迹旅游资源化的概念,分析地质遗迹旅游资源化的动力和途径,认为地质遗迹旅游资源化是旅游需求层次的提高、地质遗迹的保护、地质产业转型、国家政策的支持、地质公园建设的成功5种因素共同作用的结果。地质遗迹向旅游资源的转化需经过地质遗迹调查、地质遗迹评价、旅游产品开发、完善解说系统等步骤。 相似文献
19.
随着我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施,一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井陆续关停废弃,传统的独立工矿区因此沉寂,服务于煤炭生产和职工生活的工业广场面临功能丧失、土地闲置等问题。挖掘关闭煤矿工业广场的价值并赋予其新功能,是盘活存量资源、激发独立工矿区活力的关键。以山西省晋城市关闭煤矿凤凰山矿为例,研究该矿与晋城市的发展演变及其相互作用;分析关闭煤矿工业广场空间构成要素,采用层次分析法(AHP)进行价值评估,判明主要空间要素的价值特征与更新挑战;进而探索关闭煤矿工业广场的再开发城市设计策略。分析认为,山地矿业风貌与绿色生态本底是凤凰山矿的核心价值表征,应将风貌存续与生态保育作为再开发重点。关闭煤矿需确立“矿退城进”的更新目标,主动与城市产业对接,由“封闭的工业广场”转变为“开放的城市街区”。在此基础上,提出景观引导下的秩序控制、功能空间的整合与重置、交通体系的外通与内融、矿业文脉特色的延续与塑造、既有建筑的再循环改造5个方面的城市设计策略。研究表明,通过基础设施景观化改造,可在提升矿区环境质量的同时创造城市特色;借鉴城市设计思维可为关闭煤矿保护性再开发策略的制定提供帮助,在此类资源型地区的城市更新中具有应用前景。 相似文献