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1.
Seismoelectric coupling coefficients are difficult to predict theoretically because they depend on a large numbers of rock properties, including porosity, permeability, tortuosity, etc. The dependence of the coupling coefficient on rock properties such as permeability requires experimental data. In this study, we carry out a set of laboratory measurements to determine the dependence of seismoelectric coupling coefficient on permeability. We use both an artificial porous “sandstone” sample, with cracks, built using quartz‐sand and Berea sandstone samples. The artificial sample is a cube with 39% porosity. Its permeability levels are anisotropic: 14.7 D, 13.8 D, and 8.3 D in the x‐, y‐, and z‐directions, respectively. Seismoelectric measurements are performed in a water tank in the frequency range of 20 kHz–90 kHz. A piezoelectric P‐wave source is used to generate an acoustic wave that propagates through the sample from the three different (x, y, and z) directions. The amplitudes of the seismoelectric signal induced by the acoustic waves vary with the direction. The highest signal is in the direction of the highest permeability, and the lowest signal is in the direction of the lowest permeability. Since the porosity of the sample is constant, the results directly show the dependence of seismoelectric coefficients on permeability. Seismoelectric measurements with natural rocks are performed using Berea sandstone 500 and 100 samples. Because the Berea samples are nearly isotropic in permeability, the amplitudes of the seismoelectric signals induced in the different directions are the same within the measurement error. Because the permeability of Berea 500 is higher than that of Berea 100, the amplitude of the seismoelectric signals induced in Berea 500 is higher than those in Berea 100. To determine the relative contributions of porosity and permeability on seismoelectric conversion, we carried out an analysis, using Pride (1994) formulation and Kozeny–Carman relationship; the normalized amplitudes of seismoelectric coupling coefficients in three directions are calculated and compared with the experimental results. The results show that the seismoelectric conversion is related to permeability in the frequency range of measurements. This is an encouraging result since it opens the possibility of determining the permeability of a formation from seismoelectric measurements. 相似文献
2.
The phenomenon of acoustic waves inducing electric fields in porous media is called the seismoelectric effect. Earlier investigators proposed the usage of seismoelectric effect for well logging. Soil texture has a strong influence on the coupled wave fields during shallow surface explorations. In this article, we study the borehole pure shear‐horizontal wave and the coupling transverse‐electric field (acoustic–electrical coupling wave fields) in the partially saturated soil. Combined with related theories, we expand the formation parameters to partially saturated forms and discuss the influence of soil texture conditions on the seismoelectric wave fields. The results show that the elastic and electrical properties of porous media are sensitive to water saturation. The compositions of the acoustic and electric fields for different soil textures do not change, but the waveforms differ. We also use the secant integral method to simulate the interface‐converted electromagnetic waves. The results show that interface response strength is greatly influenced by soil texture. In addition, considering the sensitivity of the inducing electric field to fluid salinity, we also simulate the time‐domain waveforms of electric field for different pore fluid salinity levels. The results show that as the salinity increases, the electric field amplitude decreases monotonically. The above conclusions have certain significance for the application of borehole shear wave and its coupled electric fields for resource exploration, saturation assessment and groundwater pollution monitoring. 相似文献
3.
We have modeled the effect of a direct current (DC) electric field on the propagation of seismic waves by the pseudospectral
time domain (PSTD) method, based on a set of governing equations for the poroelastic media. This study belongs to the more
general term of the seismoelectric coupling effect. The set of physical equations consists of the poroelastodynamic equations
for the seismic waves and the Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic waves; the magnitude of the seismoelectric coupling
effect is characterized by the charge density, the electric conductivity, the Onsager coefficient, a function of the dielectric
permittivity, the fluid viscosity, and the zeta potential. The poroelastodynamic vibration of a solid matrix generates an
electric oscillation with the form of streaming current via the fluctuation of pore pressure. Meanwhile, fluctuating pore
pressure also causes oscillatory variation of the electric resistivity of the solid matrix. The simulated poroelastic wave
propagation and electric field variation with an existing background DC electric field are compared with the results of a
physical experiment carried out in an oilfield. The results show that the DC electric field can significantly affect the propagating
elastic energy through the seismoelectric coupling in a wide range of the seismic frequency band. 相似文献
4.
The seismoelectric effects induced from the coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field depend on the physical properties of the reservoir rocks. We built an experimental apparatus to measure the seismoelectric effects in saturated sandstone samples. We recorded the seismoelectric signals induced by P-waves and studied the attenuation of the seismoelectric signals induced at the sandstone interface. The analysis of the seismoelectric effects suggests that the minimization of the potential difference between the reference potential and the baseline potential of the seismoelectric disturbance area is critical to the accuracy of the seismoelectric measurements and greatly improves the detectability of the seismoelectric signals. The experimental results confirmed that the seismoelectric coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field is induced when seismic wave propagating in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The amplitudes of the seismoelectric signals decrease linearly with increasing distance between the source and the interface, and decay exponentially with increasing distance between the receiver and the interface. The seismoelectric response of sandstone samples with different permeabilities suggests that the seismoelectric response is directly related to permeability, which should help obtaining the permeability of reservoirs in the future. 相似文献
5.
连续测量岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应,可以获得岩心的动电渗透率,并验证Onsager互易性.通常这两个实验的岩心夹持器需要使用不同的堵头,而更换堵头会导致岩心内流体的参数和边界条件发生变化.本文设计了新的岩心夹持器和激励压力源,避免了在测量过程中更换堵头,提高了两个实验的一致性.本文测量了蒸馏水、以及0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6mol/L氯化钠溶液饱和的10块岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应,获得了动电渗透率,并验证了低矿化度下的Onsager互易性.结果表明,Onsager互易性在低矿化度下是成立的;对于高矿化度,电渗效应能够取代流动电势效应用于反演渗透率. 相似文献
6.
In theory, the streaming potential coefficient depends not only on the zeta potential but also on the permeability of the rocks that partially determines the surface conductivity of the rocks. However, in practice, it is hard to show the permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficients because of the variation of zeta potential from sample to sample. To study permeability dependence of streaming potential, including the effects of the variation of the zeta potential and surface conductance due to the difference in mineral compositions between samples, we perform measurements on 12 consolidated samples, including natural and artificial samples saturated with 7 different NaCl solutions to determine the streaming potential coefficients. The results have shown that the streaming potential coefficients strongly depend on the permeability of the samples for low fluid conductivity. When the fluid conductivity is larger than than 0.50 S/m for the natural samples or 0.25 S/m for the artificial ceramic samples, the streaming potential coefficient is independent of permeability. This behavior is quantitatively explained by a theoretical model. 相似文献
7.
探索基于孔隙介质动电效应的随钻测井新方法是当前测井勘探领域的热点研究之一.本文针对随钻测井情况下的动(声)-电转换机理,在砂岩模型井中进行了多极源(单/偶/四极源)随钻动电测井实验研究,记录了井中声波激发动电转换波场的时域波形,给出了各分波的时间-速度图,并与多极源随钻声波测井数据进行对比,结果表明:钻铤波诱导的动电转换信号在随钻动电测井全波中的相对幅度显著降低,从而可准确提取到地层声波的传播速度,实现了利用随钻动电测井方法测量地层波速的目的,验证了随钻动电测井技术可有效抑制钻铤波的思想.本文还进一步分析了钻铤波的动电耦合特性,并结合有机玻璃模型井中随钻动电测井和无井孔模型下的随钻声波测量,研究了伴随钻铤波电场信号的传播特性和衰减规律,深入探讨了随钻动电测井全波中钻铤波被削弱的原因,并给出了定量的实验数据分析,为随钻动电测井理论模拟的解释提供有效实验数据支撑. 相似文献
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利用基于Biot理论的孔隙弹性介质的高阶交错网格有限差分算法,模拟了具有随机分布特征的多种流体饱和岩石中声波在中心频率分别为25,50,75,100kHz时的声场特点. 对于一个由两种成分（气和水）饱和的岩石模型, 假设含不同流体的孔隙介质随机分布在不同的宏观区域,该区域尺度远小于计算的声波波长;组成模型的两种随机分布介质具有相同的固体骨架参数、渗透率和孔隙度,但分别被具有不同压缩性、密度和黏滞系数特性的水和气饱和. 计算和统计分析结果表明,在两种孔隙成分随机分布的部分饱和条件下纵波速度比较复杂,除骨架参数外,其变化主要依赖于中心频率、各种孔隙成分饱和度及饱和介质的速度. 比较该随机分布模型、Gassmann理论模型和White的“气包”模型,发现三种模型得到的纵波速度和衰减规律有较好的定性对应关系. 其次,按照这种随机计算模型的处理方法,本文还首次计算了一个三种流体成分充填饱和的例子,即岩石模型中的孔隙被水、油和气部分饱和,计算时保持模型含水饱和度不变而只改变含油和含气饱和度. 在这种计算条件下,纵波速度随中心频率呈增大的趋势但有起伏变化. 声场快照显示了各种转换波在多种孔隙成分充填（两种和三种孔隙成分）岩石中的声场特征,复杂的水-油-气界面的非均匀分布对声场有重要影响,纵波能量主要转换形成了较为复杂的多种慢纵波和横波. 相似文献
9.
本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在砂岩模型井中开展了动电测井实验研究.记录到渗透率不同模型中单极源动电测井的全波波形,清晰地观测到了伴随纵波、横波和斯通利波的动电转换信号,给出了本文实验条件下,动电测井全波中各分波的幅度,并通过电声比的大小说明了各分波的动电转换能力.实验结果表明:孔隙介质动电效应与渗透率密切相关,动电信号的幅度随着地层渗透率的增大而增加,在高渗透率地层中记录动电信号的幅度较大,这一特性可用于地层渗透率的井下动电评估.本文实验结果还验证了动电测井的可行性,同时指出:与声波测井相比,动电测井信号对地层渗透率更加敏感,这为渗透率等地层参数的井下动电测量奠定了实验基础. 相似文献
10.
本文研究声电效应测井波场的有限差分模拟算法.忽略井外地层中诱导电磁场对孔隙弹性波的影响,将求解动电耦合波方程组的问题解耦,先计算孔隙弹性波,再计算其诱导电磁场.基于轴对称柱坐标系下的速度-应力交错网格,采用时域有限差分计算井孔流体声波和井外地层孔隙弹性波.将电磁场近似看作似稳场,基于轴对称柱坐标系下的5点式有限差分网格,求解不同时刻的电位Poisson方程,计算诱导电场.结果表明:本文算法可准确模拟频率6.0 kHz的声电效应测井全波;在声波测井频率范围内,电导率、动电耦合系数和动态渗透率的低频近似对伴随电磁场的计算影响不大;地层水平界面导致伴随反射斯通利波的电场和显著的界面电磁波,后者对于探测地层界面具有潜在的应用价值. 相似文献
11.
Samuel Chapman Jan V. M. Borgomano Hanjun Yin Jerome Fortin Beatriz Quintal 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(4):956-968
Fluid pressure diffusion occurring on the microscopic scale is believed to be a significant source of intrinsic attenuation of mechanical waves propagating through fully saturated porous rocks. The so-called squirt flow arises from compressibility heterogeneities in the microstructure of the rocks. To study squirt flow experimentally at seismic frequencies the forced oscillation method is the most adequate, but such studies are still scarce. Here we present the results of forced hydrostatic and axial oscillation experiments on dry and glycerine-saturated Berea sandstone, from which we determine the dynamic stiffness moduli and attenuation at micro-seismic and seismic frequencies (0.004–30 Hz). We observe frequency-dependent attenuation and the associated moduli dispersion in response to the drained–undrained transition (∼0.1 Hz) and squirt flow (>3 Hz), which are in fairly good agreement with the results of the corresponding analytical solutions. The comparison with very similar experiments performed also on Berea sandstone in addition shows that squirt flow can potentially be a source of wave attenuation across a wide range of frequencies because of its sensitivity to small variations in the rock microstructure, especially in the aspect ratio of micro-cracks or grain contacts. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a method is proposed to invert permeability from seismoelectric logs in fluid‐saturated porous formations. From the analysis of both the amplitude and the phase of simulated seismoelectric logs, we find that the Stoneley wave amplitude of the ratio of the converted electric field to the pressure (REP) is sensitive to porosity rather than permeability while the tangent of the REP's phase is sensitive to permeability. The REP's phase reflects the phase discrepancy between the electric field and the pressure at the same location in the borehole. We theoretically derive the frequency‐dependent expression of the REP of the low‐frequency Stoneley wave and find that the tangent of the REP's argument is approximately in inverse proportion to permeability. We obtain an inversion formula and present the permeability inversion method by using the tangent of the REP's phase. To test this method, the permeabilities of different sandstones are inverted from the synthetic full‐waveform data of seismoelectric logs. A modified inversion process is proposed based on the analysis of inversion errors, by which the relative errors are controlled below 25% and they are smaller than those of the permeability inversion from the Stoneley wave of acoustic logs. 相似文献
13.
Using numerical modelling, we investigate the evolution of seismoelectric effects induced by seismic excitation in spatially confined lithological units. Typical geometries represent clay lenses embedded in an aquifer or petroleum deposits in a host rock. In fluid‐saturated rocks, seismic waves can generate electromagnetic fields due to electrokinetic coupling mechanisms associated with such processes in the vicinity of the fluid‐mineral interface. Two seismoelectric phenomena are investigated: (1) the co‐seismic field associated with the seismic displacement at each point in a subsurface and (2) the interface response generated at layer boundaries. Our modelling uses a simplified time‐domain formulation of the coupled problem and an efficient 2D finite‐element implementation. To gain insight into the morphogenetic field behaviour of the seismoelectric effects, several numerical simulations for various target geometries were treated. Accordingly, we varied both the thickness of the confined units and the value of the electrical bulk conductivity in porous media. Analysis of these effects shows differences between interface responses for electrically conductive versus resistive units. So the pertinent contrast in electrical bulk conductivity controls the shape and structure of these seismoelectric conversion patterns. Moreover, the seismoelectric interface response captures both the petrophysical and geometrical characteristics of the geological unit. These models demonstrate the value of using seismoelectric interface response for reservoir characterization in either hydrogeological or hydrocarbon exploration studies. 相似文献
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用Biot介质参数说明了波达波夫震电波方程组中弹性动力学 参数的含义，解释了第一类和第二类震电效应的意义，在忽略第一类震电效应条件下将该方 程组与Pride方程组进行比较，说明了二者在描述第二类震电效应方面的异同点. 同时指出 ：波达波夫方程组忽略了流体与固体的耦合质量；方程中的黏性耗散项丢掉了一个孔隙度因 子，依据该方程组计算出的弹性波和转换电场的幅度将偏大；边界条件之一存在错误，会影 响对波在界面上的反射透射规律的描述. 相似文献
16.
地震波在地下含流体孔隙介质中传播时,会引起中观尺度的"局域流",进而产生地震波震电效应.基于Biot(1941)固结理论的准静态方程,在频率域中采用空间有限差分方法,正演模拟虚岩石物理岩样的地震波衰减和震电效应.与时间域虚岩石物理方法相比,该方法既可以直接求取任一频率下的地震波衰减和电势,便于应用于实际岩样的预测分析,也避免了讨论岩样外表面施加的力源函数表达式及时间剖分稳定性条件等问题.首先利用周期性层状介质模型验证了本文所描述方法的有效性,并进一步求取分析了周期性层状介质两种不同特征单元的渗流电流密度及电势,数值模拟结果表明由中观尺度"局域流"引起的震电效应电势振幅数量级在实验室测量范围之内,随后,分析研究了四种不同高渗介质占比值的地震衰减及震电效应特征.最后,将本文提出的震电效应数值计算方法推广至二维,并求取了二维斑块饱和模型的地震波衰减、速度频散、电势的振幅和相位角数值结果. 相似文献
17.
震电测井的现场试验中测得电磁首波幅值大于伴随电场幅值,这种情况在前人的理论模拟和模型井测量中从未出现.本文研究矿化度界面对震电测井波场的影响,基于Pride方程和边界连续条件模拟了震电测井波场,其中井外孔隙地层可以视为均匀的或者是径向分层的.计算结果表明:对于均匀孔隙地层,当井内流体矿化度大于井外地层孔隙流体矿化度时,电磁首波幅值可以比伴随斯通利波的电场幅值还大;井内流体矿化度与井外地层孔隙流体矿化度的比值越大,电磁首波相对伴随斯通利波的电场的幅值越大.对于径向分层地层,当井内流体矿化度大于内层地层的孔隙流体矿化度时,电磁首波幅值可以比伴随斯通利波的电场幅值还大;当外层地层矿化度小于内层地层矿化度时,电磁首波幅值可以比伴随斯通利波的电场幅值还大;增加内层地层厚度,电场全波幅值减小,电磁首波相对伴随电场的幅值减小.本文的模拟结果表明,震电测井中确实会出现电磁首波幅值比伴随电场幅值还大的情况,这对于解释震电测井的测量结果具有指导意义. 相似文献
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Experimental quantification of the seismoelectric transfer function and its dependence on conductivity and saturation in loose sand 
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下载免费PDF全文 Under certain circumstances, seismic propagation within porous media may be associated to the conversion of mechanical energy to electromagnetic energy, which is known as a seismo‐electromagnetic phenomenon. The propagation of fast compressional P‐waves is more specifically associated to the manifestations of a seismoelectric field linked to the fluid flows within the pores. The analysis of seismoelectric phenomena, which requires the combination of the theory of electrokinetics and Biot's theory of poroelasticity, provides us with transfer function that links the coseismic seismoelectric field E to the seismic acceleration . To measure the transfer function, we have developed an experimental setup enabling seismoelectric laboratory observation in unconsolidated quartz sand within the kilohertz range. The investigation focused on the impact of fluid conductivity and water saturation over the coseismic seismoelectric field. During the experiment, special attention was given to the accuracy of electric field measurements. We concluded that, to obtain a reliable estimate of the electric field amplitude, the dipole from which the potential differences are measured should be of much smaller length than the wavelength of the propagating seismic field. Time‐lapse monitoring of the seismic velocities and seismoelectric transfer functions were performed during imbibition and drainage experiments. In all cases, the quantitative analysis of the seismoelectric transfer function was in good agreement with theoretical predictions. While investigating saturation variations from full to residual water saturation, we showed that the ratio undergoes a switch in polarity at a particular saturation , which also implies a sign change of the filtration, traducing a reversal of the relative fluid displacement with respect to the frame. This sign change at critical saturation stresses a particular behaviour of the poroelastic medium: the dropping of the coseismic electric field to zero traduces the absence of relative pore/fluid displacements representative of a Biot dynamically compatible medium. We concluded from our experimental study in loose sand that the measurements of the coseismic seismoelectric coupling may provide information on fluid distribution within the pores and that the reversal of the seismoelectric field may be used as an indicator of the dynamically compatible state of the medium. 相似文献
20.
为了研究孔隙流体对不同渗透率岩石地震波速度的影响,在实验室利用跨频带岩石弹性参数测试系统得到了应变幅值10-6的2~2000Hz频段下的地震波速度和1 MHz频率下的超声波速度,利用差分共振声谱法得到了频率600Hz岩石干燥和完全饱水情况下岩石声学参数.实验表明,在低饱和度下,致密砂岩在地震和超声频段下没有明显的频散;在高饱和度下纵波速度的频散变得明显.从干燥到完全水饱和条件,不同频率测量的致密砂岩的体积模量随岩石孔隙度增高而降低,且体积模量的变化量受岩石微观孔隙结构的影响较大.高孔、高渗砂岩无论在低含水度下还是在高含水饱和度下频散微弱,并且在地震频段下围压对于岩石纵横波速度的影响要大于频率的影响.高孔、高渗砂岩和致密砂岩不同含水饱和度下的频散差异可应用于储层预测,油气检测等方面,同时该研究可以更好地帮助理解岩石的黏弹性行为,促进岩石物理频散理论的发展,提高地震解释的精度. 相似文献