共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Katherine R. Royse Mike de Freitas William G. Burgess John Cosgrove Richard C. Ghail Phil Gibbard Chris King Ursula Lawrence Rory N. Mortimore Hugh Owen Jackie Skipper 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2012,123(1):22-45
The population of London is around 7 million. The infrastructure to support this makes London one of the most intensively investigated areas of upper crust. However construction work in London continues to reveal the presence of unexpected ground conditions. These have been discovered in isolation and often recorded with no further work to explain them. There is a scientific, industrial and commercial need to refine the geological framework for London and its surrounding area. This paper reviews the geological setting of London as it is understood at present, and outlines the issues that current research is attempting to resolve. 相似文献
2.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(2)
This study presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sedimentary strata beneath central London.1100 borehole records were analysed.London Clay is thickest in the west;thicker deposits extend as a narrow finger along the axis of the London Basin.More minor variations are probably governed by periglacial erosion and faulting.A shallow anticline in the Chalk in north-central London has resulted in a pronounced thinning of succeeding strata.These results are compared to the position of London Underground railway tunnels.Although tunnels have been bored through the upper levels of London Clay where thick,some tunnels and stations are positioned within the underlying,more lithologically variable.Lower London Tertiary deposits.Although less complex than other geological models of the London Basin,this technique is more objective and uses a higher density of borehole data.The high resolution of the resulting maps emphasises the power of modelling an expansive dataset in a rigorous but simple fashion. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents the construction and performance details of a compacted London Clay barrier that was designed to prevent any leachate or methane penetrating a stretch of the cut and cover box section tunnel of the London Heathrow Express Rail Link. The barrier was constructed with London Clay that was spoil from concurrent bored tunnelling operations on adjacent sites. Laboratory investigations carried out on the compacted London Clay are presented in the paper. These indicated that it was possible to design the clay surround to function as a barrier protecting the structure from the ingress of the leachate. Field monitoring using magnetic extensometer gauge measurements indicate that the consequent ground movements are lower than that predicted by the laboratory tests. 相似文献
4.
论文介绍了英国区域规划先行者阿伯克隆比的生平及主要学术思想和实践,对英国早期区域规划"伦敦郡规划"、"大伦敦规划"进行了总结梳理,提出"大伦敦规划"的缺陷,并提出英国新城思想和区域规划理论受到了中国传统哲学思想(风水地理学)的影响。 相似文献
5.
London is an international tourist destination and one of the world's most well known tourist capitals. Over 23 million overseas and domestic visitors contributed £ 4700 million to the city's economy in 1987. In this paper, the implications of a continued growth in international and domestic tourism are considered in the light of recent predictions which envisage that London's overseas and domestic visitors will rise from 23 million in 1987 to 27 million in 1990. One of the most pressing issues which tourist agencies such as the London Tourist Board face, is directing some tourists to new areas and attractions away from the existing concentration in the West End of London. In this paper, the existing and proposed development of tourism in the East End of London (London Docklands) will beexamined as a new area with the potential to attract visitors from the West End. London Docklands has attracted international attention due to the prestigious and controversial regeneration of the area where commercial and residential development has been stimulated by a government funded Urban Development Corporation. Tourist and leisure developments seem set to bring a lasting economic benefit to the area though they have attracted very little attention to date. 相似文献
6.
Mark Godden 《Geology Today》2016,32(4):143-147
The Island of Portland has literally given its heart to London, and the heart of London comes mainly from Portland. Many of London's most recognizable buildings and monuments are constructed either wholly or partially from the white Upper Jurassic oolite quarried from Portland. St Paul's Cathedral, the British Museum, The Bank of England and more recently the New London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square and the Bomber Command Memorial and the tube station in Green Park, are all built using Portland Stone. London is not the island's only beneficiary, Portland stone has also been widely used throughout the rest of Great Britain as well as having been exported for use in many other countries. 相似文献
7.
Increase of Flood Risk due to Urbanisation: A Canadian Example 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
There has been increasing concern among the government officials who deal with emergency preparedness and natural disasters
that increasing urbanisation is enhancing the risk from river flooding in urban areas. This study concerns such a risk for
the City of London in the province of Ontario in Canada. It has been shown that between 1974 and 2000 there has been a considerably
elevated risk from floods due to heavy urbanisation in the watershed of the Upper Thames River, of which the City of London
is a part. Databases were prepared making use of satellite remote sensing technology on landuse classification and this information
was integrated with meteorological and hydrological data records and analysed to obtain a quantitative estimate of the potential
risk from river floods to London. 相似文献
8.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper explores Malaysia’s efforts to develop and dominate a global market in halal (literally, ‘lawful or ‘permitted’) commodities as a diaspora strategy and how Malaysian state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in London respond to and are affected by this effort. The empirical focus is on London because this city not only holds a special position in the Malaysian state’s halal vision but also historical linkages that evoke diaspora strategies. I argue that Malaysian diaspora strategies should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, state and market. Among the political elite, and, thus, the Malaysian state, there exists a fascination with discovering or even inventing a cosmopolitan ‘Malay diaspora’ and current diaspora strategies try to address this challenge. An important question explored is how the Malaysian diaspora in London understand and practise Malaysian diaspora strategies in the globalized market for halal products and services. This paper is based on ethnographic material from fieldwork among state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in Kuala Lumpur and London, namely participant observation and interviewing. 相似文献
9.
This excursion report describes briefly the ecclesiastical geology of seven localities in West London. It reveals that building stones related to local geology were particularly important in the construction of early churches. For this reason wall building fabric analyses of churches are also able to indicate an enormous amount of local geological information. Where London Basin rocks were unsuitable for structural aspects of these churches it was sometimes necessary to use rock types from more distant sources. 相似文献
10.
Nel Etienne Louis 《GeoJournal》1990,22(3):305-313
South African urban areas, because of structural control exercised within them, have developed unique characteristics. One of the more distinctive features of urban apartheid is the creation of Homeland townships lying adjacent to certain of the country's towns and cities. This paper seeks to explore the essential motivation underlying the creation of the ethnically distinct urban centre of Mdantsane in the Ciskei Homeland between 1949 and 1988. The reason for the development of Mdantsane, a dormitory township of East London, are explored, as are the primary issues underlying its emergence. In order to fully investigate Mdantsane's evolution it is essential not to divorce the township from developments, through time, in East London. The impact of apartheid planning on the East London region is assessed. 相似文献
11.
Historical data on the temperature and precipitation data for London has been combined with output from the Hadley Model to estimate the climate of London for the period 1100–2100 CE. This has been converted to other parameters such as freeze–thaw frequency and snowfall relevant to the weathering of stone facades. The pollutant concentrations have been estimated for the same period, with the historical values taken from single box modelling and future values from changes likely given current policy within the metropolis. These values are used in the Lipfert model to show that the recession from karst weathering dominates across the period, while the contributions of sulphur deposition seem notable only across a shorter period 1700–2000 CE. Observations of the late seventeenth century suggest London architects witnessed a notable increase in the recession rate and attributed “fretting quality” to “smoaks of the sea-coal”. The recession rates measured in the late twentieth century lend some support to the estimates from the Lipfert model. The recession looks to increase only slightly, and frost shattering will decrease while salt weathering is likely to increase. 相似文献
12.
This paper analyses General Household Survey data for London and Great Britain from 1979 to 1993 to examine the changes in
household income distribution over this period. In particular it looks at the implications of this data for theoretical claims
made by Pahl and Sassen regarding social polarisation. It is argued that London has not experienced greater social polarisation,
in the sense that the size of both the top and bottom income groups have not grown at the expense of the middle. Instead,
what has happened is that the higher income group has grown considerably at the expense of the middle. This has, however,
been accompanied by the growth of income inequality in London. Incomes at the top end have increased much faster than at the
bottom. Two earner professional/managerial households have been the biggest gainers in financial terms although the proportion
of households with no earner has grown most rapidly.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
W. Tietze Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,20(3):325-331
The author gratefully acknowledges the translation of this article from German by E. M. Yates, King's College, University of London, UK. 相似文献
14.
Megacities are likely to present the greatest future challenges for hazard management. In them increasingly complex societies are continually modifying responses to dynamic sets of external risks. Although most have proven resilient to past disasters, new types of threat are emerging. London — which is both the world's oldest megacity and one of its most resilient — has long experience of the transformation of hazards in time and space. Although not as hazard-prone as some megacities, this one is increasingly exposed to a wide range of interactive hazards. Here trends of flooding, air pollution and terrorism are discussed together with policy responses. London demonstrates that robust action can be successful in reducing high-intensity hazards but it also shows that contemporary management is characterised by top-down technological fixes whose long-term effectiveness is questionable. In general, anticipatory responses have been limited and present-day London has not capitalised on its rich legacy of successful experience in coping with hazard. 相似文献
15.
R. W. Girdler 《Tectonophysics》1970,10(5-6):579-582
Some highlights of a discussion meeting held at the Royal Society of London from 27 to 29 March 1969 are presented. 相似文献
16.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2001,28(6-7):397-423
The case history of the deep excavation for the National Gallery extension in London is presented in this paper. Comparisons with data from other sites show that it is typical for that of similar projects in Central London. Class 1 predictions of the retaining wall behaviour (prior to construction) using the Model London Clay constitutive relationship considerably over-estimated wall and ground movements. Retaining wall and ground movements are also considerably over-predicted by analyses using a simple linear elastic/perfectly plastic soil model, despite optimistic parameters being assumed for the soils. Predictions made using the constitutive model BRICK are closer to the measured deflected shape, but are also higher than measured values. Parametric studies of the effect of various parameters suggest that a “best estimate” of the wall movements are still well in excess of those measured. It is concluded that these differences are due to three-dimensional effects and deficiencies in the model. The “beam-spring” computer software for retaining walls FREW gives similar results to the analyses using the simple model. Analyses of the same problem carried out by a different operator using another finite element code, but with the same constitutive model, yielded somewhat different results and highlight the need for careful interpretation of finite element analyses. 相似文献
17.
JOHN F. POTTER 《Geology Today》1987,3(6):164-168
A comprehensive examination of the building materials of London Basin churches suggests that many more may reveal evidence of an Anglo-Saxon origin than has previously been accepted. 相似文献
18.
The origin of granite The Granite Controversy, by H. H. Read, xix + 430 pp. Thomas Murby & Co., London, 1957. Geology of the Pleistocene Glacial and Pleistocene Geology by R. F. Flint, xiii‐553 pp., 4 pis., figs., J. Wiley & Sons Inc. New York; Chapman & Hall Ltd., London, 1957, 4 plates and numerous figures. $12.50. 相似文献
19.
A datum, marked by the first appearance of plaktonic species, is described from the London Clay of Whitecliff Bay and Alum Bay, Isle of Wight. Its value in the correlation of Lower Eocene sections in the Hampshire Basin is discussed. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1988,6(2):271-271
LOW TEMPERATURE METAMORPHISM. Edited by M. Frey. Blackie & Son Limited, Glasgow and London. 1987. pp. 364. 相似文献