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1.
江苏青龙山磷灰石中出溶体的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
最近的研究证实，在大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的多硅白云母榴辉岩和超基性岩中的磷灰石矿物内普遍发育有针柱状出溶晶体，初步研究证明这些出溶晶体多为各种硫化物：如黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。本文重点研究苏鲁青龙山地区的多硅白云母榴辉岩和退变榴辉岩中磷灰石内的出溶晶体，通过扫描电镜、电子探针和X-光能谱的线扫描分析，确认这些出溶晶体是铜的硫化物，并根据无标样定量的分析结果初步推测有可能是CuS2晶体。目前已知的CuS2晶体都是在高温高压（T=700-1000℃和P=4．5-5．0GPa）条件下人工合成的。这样的温压条件与青龙山榴辉岩的超高压变质条件是吻合的。在磷灰石中能保存超高压的硫化物，可能是由于磷灰石自身的稳定性和化学惰性。因此推测在超高压变质作用中，磷灰石晶体中易于保存硫化物出溶体与石榴石和绿辉石中易于保存柯石英和金刚石的作用相类似。 相似文献
2.
西藏羌塘地区榴辉岩石榴子石和磷灰石中均发育矿物出溶体,结合电子探针和扫描电镜分析及能谱分析,确定了石榴子石中的出溶体有金红石、石英和角闪石,指示其可能经历了高压/超高压变质作用。本研究在磷灰石中发现了金红石出溶,并认为其可能是在高压/超高压条件下元素相互置换的结果,置换方式为Ti~(4+)(Fe~(2+)、Si~(4+))=2Ca~(2+),这些出溶体的形成为榴辉岩曾经历高压/超高压变质作用提供了矿物学证据。 相似文献
3.
中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）榴辉岩磷灰石脉体中铁的氧化物、重晶石和独居石出溶物的发现及其意义 总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5
CCSD主孔榴辉岩等UHP岩石中存在团块状到不规则脉体状的磷灰石集合体，它们多与石英脉共生，显微镜下观察发现这些磷灰石脉体存在大量出溶物，电子探针和激光拉曼光谱仪联合测定显示磷灰石主要为氟磷灰石，其中出溶物主要有四类：A．不规则状的磁铁矿和赤铁矿的连生体；B．针状赤铁矿；C．板状到菱型的独居石；D．针状锶重晶石。A类出溶物的延长方向平行于磷灰石的C轴，长度介于10～50μm；B类主要沿磷灰石的C轴方向排列，宽仅为0．5～2μm，多数在1．5μm左右，长度变化较大，为6～50μm；C类独居石出溶体宽约6～10μm，多为6μm，长约50～75μm；D类锶重晶石主要与B类赤铁矿出溶物共生，宽多1．5μm左右，长约60～70μm。其中A，B和D类出溶物是在磷灰石中首次发现。四类出溶物的长轴和生长方向均基本平行于磷灰石之C轴，显示它们可能是基本同时出溶的。CCSDUHP岩石中氟磷灰石脉体的存在及其铁氧化物、磷酸盐和硫酸盐出溶体的发现，显示UHP岩石在折返的过程中，快速减压曾造成矿物的分解和大量出溶体的形成，伴随脱水和SiO2等硅酸盐熔体的出溶，还存在少量的磷酸盐熔体，同时可能曾经有铁氧化物的熔浆的加入。磷灰石中铁氧化物等出溶物的出溶是在氧逸度较高的环境下进行的． 相似文献
4.
胶东荣成榴辉岩中含铜磁黄铁矿出溶结构的磷灰石的发现及其意义 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
在苏鲁超高压变质带东北部胶东荣成地区的退变金红石榴辉岩中,我们发现了具含铜磁黄铁矿出溶结构的磷灰石。磷灰石在该榴辉岩中含量较高(≈5%),多为不规则形状,颗粒大小不一,粗大者可达1．2mm×0．6mm。样品中几乎所有的磷灰石均发育出溶结构,出溶棒可能分为相互垂直的两组,各自分别沿同一方向分布,出溶棒密度大,形状规则,宽度相似,长度最长可达0．1mm。在扫描电子显微镜下,利用X射线能谱仪测定出溶棒主要由Fe、Cu和S三种元素组成。由于很难准确确定三者的比例,暂将其定为含铜磁黄铁矿((Fe_(1-x)Cu_x)S)。报道的磷灰石含铜磁黄铁矿出溶结构,与江苏赣榆地区磷灰石的磁黄铁矿出溶结构,同产于苏鲁超高压变质带中,具有可对比性；磷灰石中Cu、Fe的溶解度可能是温压条件的函数；因此进一步精确研究磷灰石中这些出溶结构的成分和成因,将为深入探讨苏鲁超高压变质带不同地体变质条件、成因的差异及俯冲折返机制等问题提供重要线索。 相似文献
5.
CCSD主孔榴辉岩等UHP岩石石英脉中存在团块状到不规则脉体状的磷灰石集合体,显微镜下观察发现其中存在四种出溶物:磁铁矿和赤铁矿的连生体、赤铁矿、独居石和锶重晶石;出溶物的长轴和生长方向均基本平行于磷灰石之C轴,显示它们可能是基本同时出溶的。其中独居石出溶体多为菱形到板状自形晶体,宽约6—10μm,长约50～75μm。运用CHIME化学定年方法对CCSD磷灰石团块中的独居石出溶物进行了年代学研究,获得其Th-Pb等时线年龄为202±28．3Ma,表明磷灰石团块形成于榴辉岩在折返过程中的重结晶和退变质,时代为晚三叠世。该年龄可能也代表了CCSD中UHP岩石中包裹磷灰石团块的石英脉的形成时代。 相似文献
6.
目前,在大别-苏鲁榴辉岩的磷灰石中已经观察到多种出溶现象,出溶体矿物主要是独居石和铁、铜硫化物,个别有硅钍石[1]、铁氧化物和重晶石[2,3].对于出溶体现象的解释,一般认为是超高压变质条件下形成的磷灰石在退变质减压、降温作用以及氧逸度fO2变化下,其中的LREE与[PO4]3-结合形成独居石,而S、Fe、Cu等元素结合形成硫化物,并沿着一定的晶格方向出溶. 相似文献
7.
大别山北部榴辉岩的退变质特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
研究了大别山北部榴辉岩的变质岩岩石学。结果表明，该区榴辉岩相变质作用可分为早期(超高压)和晚期(高压)两个阶段，并在折返过程中形成了一系列特征性的退变质显微构造。其中，退变质结构主要包括：(1)由于压力降低而出溶形成的一些定向针状或叶片状矿物包裹体，如钠质单斜辉石中石英及石榴子石中的金红石、单斜辉石和磷灰石等；(2)冠状体或后成合晶，特别是石榴子石外围发育两期(“双层”)后成合晶；(3)反应边或退变边，如绿辉石的透辉石退变边、透辉石的角闪石退变边和金红石的钛铁矿退变边等。这些退变质结构为本区榴辉岩高级变质岩的快速折返过程和抬升历史提供了强有力的岩石学依据；石榴子石中针状矿物出溶体进一步证明研究区榴辉岩早期经历了超高压变质作用，峰期变质压力应大干4．0GPa，甚至可能达到5～7GPa或更高。 相似文献
8.
苏鲁榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物学和微量元素地球化学 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
磷灰石是榴辉岩中最常见的副矿物之一,见证了高压-超高压变质岩从原岩形成、俯冲和折返所伴随的物理化学过程。为进一步揭示苏鲁超高压榴辉岩经历的物理和化学过程,我们对取自中国大陆科学钻探工程（CCSD）主孔岩心和苏北地表露头榴辉岩中的磷灰石进行了详细的岩相学分析和LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析。分析结果表明,在苏鲁榴辉岩中,磷灰石绝大多数是在超高压变质作用阶段重结晶生长的。未受退变质影响的磷灰石富含LREE和Sr元素,退变质作用促使磷灰石中活动性较强的LREE和Sr明显降低而HREE含量略微升高,并产生负Eu异常。磷灰石边部HREE的升高可能与折返过程中的升温作用和石榴子石分解有关,Eu负异常的产生可能还与退变质过程中发生了氧逸度fO2的降低有关;结合前人对磷灰石中“出溶”现象的研究,提出榴辉岩磷灰石中的独居石“出溶体”很可能是磷灰石与富含NaCl和硅酸盐的退变质流体发生交代反应所致,磷灰石中硫化物“出溶体”的形成除了氧逸度降低的原因外,可能也与折返过程中发生的短期升温作用有关。超高压变质岩从进变质-峰期→早期退变质→角闪岩相退变质阶段,变质流体可能经历了氧化→还原→氧化状态的复杂变化。 相似文献
9.
CCSD主孔榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物化学特征及对榴辉岩中F、Cl、Sr等元素地球化学行为的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
为探讨榴辉岩中磷灰石的矿物化学特征及榴辉岩中某些相关元素的地球化学行为,对中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔500~540m深度的榴辉岩样品进行了岩石化学及磷灰石的矿物化学分析。这些榴辉岩具有不同的矿物组成和化学成分,并可据此分为上下两段,上段500~530m为正常榴辉岩,下段530~540m为高Ti榴辉岩和高Ti-Fe榴辉岩,其原岩可能为类似于辉长质和苦橄质的基性—超基性岩石。其中的磷灰石成分没有明显差别,均为氟—磷灰石,其富F贫Cl的特征可能是造成榴辉岩中高盐度流体包裹体和全岩高F低Cl的主要原因。磷灰石普遍含有一定的Sr、S、Fe元素,多数还含有Cu、Pb、Zn等元素。榴辉岩中P2O5含量与其F、Cl、Sr、S元素的相关程度表明,磷灰石是榴辉岩中F元素的最主要储存库,也是Sr元素的重要储存库之一,而对于Cl元素则只是部分控制,与S元素则没有相关性。榴辉岩中F、Sr及Cl元素的地球化学行为主要受控于磷灰石,因此,在榴辉岩从进变质—退变质过程中,这些元素的活动性直接受控于磷灰石的稳定性。 相似文献
10.
镜下鉴定和拉幔光谱测试结果表明中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)退变榴辉岩中石榴石内存在除绿辉石、磷灰石、锆石、金红石、磷灰石、石英、菱镁矿和磁铁矿等矿物包裹体外,还存在一种具有重要温压指示意义的碳硅石矿物包裹体.碳硅石包裹体拉幔光谱峰值稳定,主峰变化于786～789cm-1之间,次峰为966～977cm-1,两组弱峰峰值分别为769～781cm-1和915～918cm-1.寄主矿物-石榴石成分的反环带特征及矿物包裹体组合表明CCSD-PP2中退变榴辉岩是在高温高压条件下形成的榴辉岩,经降温降压退变质作用形成的,碳硅石等超高压矿物是在榴辉岩峰期变质作用期间形成的.根据碳硅石形成于极度还原环境、压力大于6.0GPa,温度在1000℃以上的特点并结合前人的矿物温压计算结果分析认为苏鲁超高压变质带中的部分榴辉岩是扬子板块俯冲至200km以下的上地幔下部,经超高压变质作用、形成碳硅石等矿物后快速折返的产物. 相似文献
11.
对德兴铜矿区的铜厂斑岩铜矿中出现的岩浆成因和热液成因磷灰石进行了对比研究。在铜厂,除含矿斑岩体中含有磷灰石以外,成矿早期蚀变(钾化)与主矿化期蚀变(石英-绿泥石-绢云母化)也形成了磷灰石。电子探针分析结果表明三期磷灰石成分差异显著,岩浆期磷灰石的主要特征是富S和Si,钾化期磷灰石的主要特征是富Mn和Fe,主矿化期磷灰石与早期磷灰石的主要差别在于其较高的S含量、F含量和较低的Cl含量;岩浆期、钾化期和主矿化期磷灰石的Cl/F比值依次降低,这反映了流体和岩浆Cl/F比值的演化趋势。岩浆Cl/F比值的降低可能由岩浆的析气作用以及Cl和F在岩浆和流体中的分配系数不同所致。S在岩浆期磷灰石和主矿化期磷灰石中均作为P的替位阳离子存在,但在两期磷灰石中替位机制不同,P-S替位的电荷平衡离子分别为Si和Na。在三期磷灰石中,主矿化期磷灰石S含量最高,而Cl含量显著低于岩浆期和钾化期磷灰石,这表明在主矿化期,Cu-S配合物可能是比Cu-Cl配合物更重要的金属搬运形式。 相似文献
12.
Dr. Ulf Dworak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1969,24(4):306-347
The central anorthosite peak of the Maniconagan crater displays characteristic shock deformation and transition phenomena in plagioclase feldspars, scapolithe, apatite and other maphitic minerals. The optical orientation of plagioclases is determined. With increasing shock, a trend to a highly disordered structure of the plagioclase lattice can be observed. Rock fracturing occurs at low pressures. At higher pressures different kinds of isotropisation features and planar deformation structures in plagioclase, scapolithe and apatite can be distinguished. These planar elements can be interpreted as glide planes of low crystallographic indices, set in motion during shock compression by plastic deformation. Their optical orientation is measured. At very high pressures a completely isotropic phase, the s. c. diaplectic glass is formed. The physical properties of diaplectic plagioclase crystals and diaplectic glass are determined which are different from those of an unshocked crystal and its molten plagioclase glass of the same chemical composition. The diaplectic plagioclase phases are apparently mixed phases of molten glass and normal crystal. This can be proved by x-ray and infrared absorption studies. These results are correlated to shock recovery experiments and hugoniot states of plagioclase. All shock effects of plagioclases are classified into three groups according to the low pressure regime, mixed phase regime and high pressure regime. The low pressure regime is characterised by strong fracturing, the mixed phase regime by the development of planar elements, which were transformed during shock compression into the high pressure plagioclase phase with hollandite structure. The latter is converted into diaplectic glass after pressure release. The high pressure regime is characterised by complete transformation of plagioclase into the high pressure phase, which is unstable and reverts completely to the amorphous phase (diaplectic glass or maskelynite) at zero pressure density.
Meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. W. v. Engelhardt, danke ich für die Unterstützung bei der Bearbeitung des Themas. Herrn Dr. D. Stöffler danke ich für klärende Diskussionen und Ratschläge. Dem Ministère des Richesses Naturelles, Québec, Canada, sowie Herrn M.S. J. Murtaugh sei für die großzügige Unterstützung bei den Geländearbeiten im Manicouagan-Krater gedankt. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft hat die Arbeit finanziell unterstützt. 相似文献
Meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. W. v. Engelhardt, danke ich für die Unterstützung bei der Bearbeitung des Themas. Herrn Dr. D. Stöffler danke ich für klärende Diskussionen und Ratschläge. Dem Ministère des Richesses Naturelles, Québec, Canada, sowie Herrn M.S. J. Murtaugh sei für die großzügige Unterstützung bei den Geländearbeiten im Manicouagan-Krater gedankt. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft hat die Arbeit finanziell unterstützt. 相似文献
13.
14.
Mark P. S. Krekeler Julie Morton Jill Lepp Cynthia M. Tselepis Mikhail Samsonov Lance E. Kearns 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(1):123-147
Clay-rich mine tailings from phosphate mine operations in Florida are a major environmental and economic problem. Options
for reclamation and restoration for these tailings are very limited and are fundamentally restricted by poor physical properties
such as low mechanical strength, low hydraulic conductivity, and heavy metal content. The major control on these bulk physical
properties is the mineralogy of the materials. Eight continuous push borings were obtained to investigate stratigraphy, mineralogy,
aspects of geochemistry, and bulk properties of a deposit of clay-rich mine tailings from a phosphate mine near Bartow, Florida
that ceased operations in the early 1970s. Stratigraphy is dominated by laminated clay-rich sediment with minor units of silt
and sand. An intact kaolinite liner occurs near the impoundment walls and the impoundment floor has approximately 4 m of relief.
Moisture content varies from 4.35 to 57.40 wt% and organic content varies from 0.41 to 9.53 wt%. Bulk XRF investigation indicates
that the P2O5 concentrations vary from approximately 4 to 21 wt%. A very strong correlation (r
2 = 0.92) between CaO and P2O5 indicates that apatite is a major control on the phosphate. The strong correlation (r
2 = 0.77) of Al2O3 and TiO2 suggests that the source materials for this deposit are comparatively uniform. A number of heavy metal elements and trace
elements occur. Cr, V, Ni, Cu are interpreted to be in phosphate minerals, largely apatite. Sr and Pb are interpreted to be
in both phyllosilicates and phosphate minerals. Two populations of apatite were observed in the clay-sized fraction, one that
was Fe and Si- bearing and another that was only Si-bearing. Fe-bearing apatite had Fe2O3 contents that varied from 0.38 to 5.32 wt% and SiO2 contents that varied from 0.90 to 3.32 wt%. The other apatite population had a wider range of SiO2 contents that varied from 0.77 to 8.80 wt%. TEM imaging shows that apatite grains are dominantly single crystals with lesser
amounts of aggregates. Wavellite commonly occurs as individual or clusters of lath-like crystals and the chemical composition
differs from the pure aluminium phosphate end member with average concentrations of components being that of CaO (1.57 wt%),
Fe2O3 (1.98 wt%), SiO2 (5.94 wt%). In the clay-sized phosphate minerals investigated no fluorine was found above detection limit (approximately
0.15 wt%), nor was any uranium, radium, heavy metal, or REE element detected. The phyllosilicate mineralogy of the deposit
is dominated by smectite (montmorillonite with lesser amounts of nontronite), palygorskite, illite and kaolinite. No systematic
variation in the relative proportions of phyllosilicates was observed in the clay deposit. Energy dispersive spectroscopy
EDS analysis indicates that chemical compositions of phyllosilicates are somewhat typical but overall are enriched with respect
to Fe compared to theoretical end members. The relative enrichment of Fe is interpreted to be a primary sedimentary feature.
Ca content in smectite minerals is high and may inhibit stabilization using lime or similar methods. The high percentages
of montmorillonite and palygorskite explain the high bulk water contents observed. This investigation provides fundamentally
new details regarding clay tailing deposits from closed phosphate mines in central Florida which can be used in restoration
and reclamation efforts. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2000,13(1-2):67-78
Twenty-five mafic microgranular enclaves of the Lavras Granite Complex in southern Brazil were studied petrographically and geochemically to establish their origin and to investigate the processes involved in their differentiation. Mesoscopic and microscopic textures indicate that they are products of magma mingling between a basic end member of probable mildly alkaline affinity and host shoshonitic and alkaline granitic rocks. The hybridisation process involved at least the following mechanisms: (i) chemical diffusion of volatiles and very mobile elements such as K to the less polymerised liquids, leading to the crystallisation of hydrated mafic minerals; (ii) chemical diffusion of Ti and P to the less polymerised liquids, leading to titanite and apatite crystallisation; (iii) mechanical accretion in the basic magma of early crystallised host granite phases that promoted enrichment of their major constituents and of trace elements with high partition coefficients in these phases; (iv) chemical diffusion of elements such as Rb, Nb, Y, and Yb with high Kd in the major enclave phases, from host magma into the basic enclaves. These processes occurred simultaneously, probably before the dispersion of basic batch magma forming the mafic microgranular enclaves, and caused hybridisation and complex geochemical patterns. The patterns are very different from the linear trends predicted for near-equilibrium systems such as those of magma mixing or fractional crystallisation. 相似文献
16.
Lateritic Ni ore mined in the Rio Tuba Mine, Philippines, derived from ultramafic rock by tropical intense weathering, is generally composed of two accumulated zones, an upper laterite zone and a lower saprolite zone. These two zones are very different in appearance, mineral assemblage, chemical composition, and in other ways. A transitional zone may be seen between the upper and lower zones, but it does not develop to any appreciable thickness. Although serpentine and goethite are still predominant in the constituent minerals, other clay minerals are increasing.
The transitional zone may be subdivided into three groups based on chemical composition. The behaviour of the chemical composition in this horizon indicates a complicated process of component transportation under the weathering process.
In the ore, chemical components are closely related in particle size of constituent minerals. In the laterite - transitional - saprolite sequence, a common variation range and tendency in chemical composition for each particle size can be seen. However, taking samples with the same particle size the chemical composition obviously differed, representing the characteristics of the components for each zone.
Concerning the correlation coefficient of the chemical components of each zone, a somewhat different inter-component relationship can be seen in these zones. These differences of correlation suggest the different complicated lateritized conditions under which they are formed. 相似文献
17.
Apatite as an indicator mineral for mineral exploration: trace-element compositions and their relationship to host rock type 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
E. A. Belousova W. L. Griffin Suzanne Y. O'Reilly N. I. Fisher 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2002,76(1):1056
Over 700 apatite grains from a range of rock types have been analysed by laser-ablation microprobe ICPMS for 28 trace elements, to investigate the potential usefulness of apatite as an indicator mineral in mineral exploration. Apatites derived from different rock types have distinctive absolute and relative abundances of many trace elements (including rare-earth elements (REE), Sr, Y, Mn, Th), and chondrite-normalised trace-element patterns. The slope of chondrite-normalised REE patterns varies systematically from ultramafic through mafic/intermediate to highly fractionated granitoid rock types. (Ce/Yb)cn is very high in apatites from carbonatites and mantle-derived lherzolites (over 100 and over 200, respectively), while (Ce/Yb)cn values in apatites from granitic pegmatites are generally less than 1, reflecting both HREE enrichment and LREE depletion. Within a large suite of apatites from granitoid rocks, chemical composition is closely related to both the degree of fractionation and the oxidation state of the magma, two important parameters in determining the mineral potential of the magmatic system. Apatite can accept high levels of transition and chalcophile elements and As, making it feasible to recognise apatite associated with specific types of mineralisation. Multivariate statistical analysis has provided a user-friendly scheme to distinguish apatites from different rock types, based on contents of Sr, Y, Mn and total REE, the degree of LREE enrichment and the size of the Eu anomaly. The scheme can be used for the recognition of apatites from specific rock types or styles of mineralisation, so that the provenance of apatite grains in heavy mineral concentrates can be determined and used in geochemical exploration. 相似文献
18.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,75(1-2):101-112
This study deals with the effect of mechanical treatment, using vibrating mill, on the mineralogy and structure of apatite and associated gangue minerals (dolomite, calcite, quartz, pyrite and gypsum) in Abu-Tartour phosphate ore, Egypt. The evolution of mineralogy, crystallinity and deformation mechanism were evaluated with different techniques (XRD, DTA, TGA and FT-IR). Data obtained using these techniques give a good picture about the mechanochemical behavior of the different components in the ore. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the mineralogy has been changed quantitatively at short time grinding (30 min). After 45 min of grinding, the sample contained mainly carbonate apatite, quartz and pyrite. On the other hand, dolomite mineral disappeared, while calcite was partially transformed into aragonite. This transformation increased with increasing grinding time. Both Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) analyses revealed that remarkable changes in the structural groups have occurred after 45 min of grinding. After 75 min of grinding, the carbonate in the apatite mineral partially decomposed and tricalcium phosphate formed instead. The formation of that simple form (tricalcium phosphate) may be another reason, besides surface area, for increasing the reactivity of phosphate ore by grinding. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed some idea about the grinding mechanisms of Abu-Tartour phosphate using vibrating mill. They indicate that the different minerals are ground differently. The apatite minerals are ground mostly by abrasion mechanism, while the carbonate minerals are ground mostly by compression. Also, these minerals are ground with different rates, where dolomite is ground faster than calcite, which are referred to the crystal lattice. 相似文献
19.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2024,15(1):101692
The trace element compositions of melts and minerals from high-pressure experiments on hydrous pyroxenites containing K-richterite are presented. The experiments used mixtures of a third each of the natural minerals clinopyroxene, phlogopite and K-richterite, some with the addition of 5% of an accessory phase ilmenite, rutile or apatite. Although the major element compositions of melts resemble natural lamproites, the trace element contents of most trace elements from the three-mineral mixture are much lower than in lamproites. Apatite is required in the source to provide high abundances of the rare earth elements, and either rutile and/or ilmenite is required to provide the high field strength elements Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. Phlogopite controls the high levels of Rb, Cs and Ba.Since abundances of trace elements in the various starting mixtures vary strongly because of the use of natural minerals, we calculated mineral/melt partition coefficients (DMin/melt) using mineral modes and melting reactions and present trace element patterns for different degrees of partial melting of hydrous pyroxenites. Rb, Cs and Ba are compatible in phlogopite and the partition coefficient ratio phlogopite/K-richterite is high for Ba (1 3 6) and Rb (12). All melts have low contents of most of the first row transition elements, particularly Ni and Cu ((0.1–0.01) × primitive mantle). Nickel has high DMin/melt for all the major minerals (12 for K-richterite, 9.2 for phlogopite and 5.6 for Cpx) and so behaves at least as compatibly as in melting of peridotites. Fluorine/chlorine ratios in melts are high and DMin/melt for fluorine decreases in the order apatite (2.2) > phlogopite (1.5) > K-richterite (0.87). The requirement for apatite and at least one Ti-oxide in the source of natural lamproites holds for mica pyroxenites that lack K-richterite. The results are used to model isotopic ageing in hydrous pyroxenite source rocks: phlogopite controls Sr isotopes, so that lamproites with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr must come from phlogopite-poor source rocks, probably dominated by Cpx and K-richterite. At high pressures (>4 GPa), peritectic Cpx holds back Na, explaining the high K2O/Na2O of lamproites. 相似文献
20.
不同温压下岩石弹性波速度、衰减及各向异性与组构的关系 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
结合岩石组构分析 ,阐述了岩石弹性波传播速度和衰减以及它们的各向异性与岩石组构之间的关系。在不同温压条件下对具有很强晶格优选方位的岩石样品的研究表明 ,随着围压的增加 ,波速和Q值均增大 ,但是在相互正交的 3个方向上 (垂直或平行于层理面及线理方向 )增大的速度并不相同 ,这与微裂隙的逐渐闭合密切相关。观测到的波速和Q值的各向异性具有不同的形成机理 ,波速各向异性主要与定向分布的微裂隙和主要矿物的晶格优选方位等构造因素有关 ;高围压下Q值各向异性与速度各向异性正好相反 ,可能是由于定向排列的矿物晶体沿不同方向其边界之间接触程度不同造成的。对岩石组构的研究不仅可以揭示岩体的变形机制、变形的动力学过程及其有关的热力学信息 ,还可以对宏观岩石的各种物理性质 ,尤其是力学特性 ,从微观机理上加以解释。文中特别强调了岩石组构分析对研究岩石物理性质的各向异性具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献