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1.
ZHANG Sheng ZHANG Cui-yun HE Ze CHEN Li YIN Mi-ying NING Zhuo SUN Zhen-hua ZHEN Shi-jun ZHANG Fa-wang 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(2):116-123
The long-term oil exploitation in oil fields has led to pollution of surrounding soil, creating a serious ecological problem. In order to promote and improve the application of microbial remediation in oil contaminated soil, experiment is carried out in polluted area in Zhongyuan Oilfield. In the experiment, indigenous microorganisms and other physical and chemical methods are employed, ryegrass is grown, and environmental factors in soil are regulated to degrade the oil and treat the polluted soil. Results show that when the average oil content in the soil is about 523.08 mg/kg, 65 days’ remediation through plants and microorganisms could help bring the oil content down to 74.61 mg/kg, achieving a degradation rate of 85.74%; through salinity treatment, salt content in soil is reduced by 62.93-82.03% to 399-823 mg/kg from previous 2.22 g/kg. Through this experiment, the bioremediation method is improved and its effectiveness and feasibility are testified. The result has been applied in Zhongyuan Oilfield and has brought fair ecological and economic benefits, providing technical support to the treatment of contaminated soil of the same kind, and offering some insights to the treatment of soil contaminated by other organic pollutants. 相似文献
2.
环境温度影响石油黏滞性,改变石油污染土的力学特性。借助无侧限抗压强度试验,研究不同温度条件下石油污染滨海盐渍土的强度及变形特性。结果证实:温度对石油污染盐渍土力学性质影响显著,温度越高,污染土抗压强度越低,20℃时,含油率15%污染土的抗压强度较未污染土下降近70%;石油污染滨海盐渍土的抗压强度随含油率的增加先增大后减小,环境温度与污染土强度峰值点处的含油率反相关,10℃、20℃、30℃条件下,强度峰值点处的含油率分别为15%、10%和5%;石油污染盐渍土表现为应变软化型破坏,含油率及环境温度影响石油污染盐渍土的抗变形能力,土样的破坏面积和裂缝宽度随含油率增加及温度升高而增大。 相似文献
3.
监测式自然衰减（MNA）能够高效低耗地原位修复石油污染地下水的场地,微生物对污染物的降解对MNA过程起到了重要作用。在分析东北石油污染场地地下水中总石油烃（TPH）、电子受体的质量浓度分布和变化规律基础上,划分了微生物功能区。采用溶质通量计算法,对MNA原位修复的潜能及其微生物降解效果进行了评估。结果显示,场地微生物降解正在发生,利用的电子受体不同,划分为Mn、Fe和SO2-4还原区。污染通量模型计算显示：上游地区微生物降解强度不断增强,下游地区微生物降解强度不断降低。监测期内石油烃总量降低了394 kg,微生物降解为自然衰减过程中的主要作用,其贡献率为64%~93%,每个通量断面内微生物降解率为0.18~0.73 kg/d。由此可以证明,MNA可以有效地修复地下水中的石油污染。 相似文献
4.
V. A. Korolev 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2008,63(1):11-18
The main results of a ten-year investigation into the mechanism and factors of electrochemical remediation of contaminated dispersed soils from various environmental toxicants (heavy metals, nitrates, phenol, oil and petroleum products, radionuclides etc.) are presented. The investigations were performed at the Chair of engineering and environmental geology at Lomonosov Moscow State University and were aimed at evaluation of the feasibility and the development of efficient industrial technologies for remediation of contaminated areas. The further prospects of a method for electrochemical soil remediation are demonstrated. 相似文献
5.
Use of a resistivity cone for detecting contaminated soil layers 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
A cone-penetration technique was developed to detect contaminated soil layers with electrolytes and NAPLs. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were performed to apply the technique. In the laboratory, the change in resistivity was quantitatively examined by adding salt or oil to soil samples. The results showed that the resistivity measurement was varied with an order of ppm for the electrolyte concentration in soil. It was found that the resistivity of sand increased with increasing oil concentration. The effect of oil content was stronger for lower water content of sand.
The results obtained from field experiments showed that the resistivity cone can be used for detecting the contaminated layer in soils whose background values are known. Particularly, the instrument can be used effectively for examining the effects of remediation, by measuring the resistivity of the ground before and after remediation, unless the soil fabric changes significantly during remediation procedures. 相似文献
6.
微生物修复石油污染地下水的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为修复陕北黄土区石油污染地下水,采用优化土著微生物菌群的生物技术,进行了地下水中石油的降解与修复实验研究。在实验装置内加入了1.5%的优化菌群制剂,优化出的菌群初步鉴定主要有:假单胞菌属、微球菌属、放线菌属、真菌类的青霉属和曲霉属等。实验结果显示,在实验装置中人为添加石油含量为182.5 mg/l、862.5 mg/l、1695.0 mg/l时,经过28~37 d的微生物修复,地下水中石油的降解率为27.47%~92.46%,而无菌对照中的石油含量变化在5%以内,说明在无菌条件下地下水中石油降解缓慢。该实验过程验证了微生物修复技术在地下水石油污染修复中的有效性,探索了应用的可行性。 相似文献
7.
针对非饱和带中油类污染物时空分布的研究,室内实验很难定量分析运移机理,野外检测成本高且破坏地层。数值模拟法作为一种应用广且成熟的方法,可以用来分析油类污染物在非饱和带中的运移规律。为了研究单井抽提及原位冲洗修复时,含单裂隙非饱和带中轻非水相流体（Light non-aqueous phase liquids,LNAPL）的时空变化规律,建立了数值模型,分析不同条件下LNAPL的修复效果及时空变化规律。模拟结果发现,LNAPL注入时优先流入裂隙,停止注入时优先流出裂隙。单井抽提修复模拟表明,抽提流量越大,修复效率越高。原位冲洗技术能有效补充地下水,防止产生新的环境问题;注水井起到“冲洗”及稀释污染物的作用,模拟最优方案修复面积达到96%,修复率达到75%,LNAPL饱和度控制在约0.05;对比分析发现,注水井布设在污染物范围的上边界时修复效果最好,能有效“冲洗”污染物并携带至抽提井中抽出地表。该研究为受轻油污染的土壤及地下水修复提供了科学的理论依据及有效的评估方法。 相似文献
8.
C. M. Morales-Bautista R. H. Adams J. R. Hernández-Barajas C. E. Lobato-García J. G. Torres-Torres 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(11):2689-2696
In many petroleum-producing regions, there are not adequate controls to prevent pipeline breaks and spills, and thus soil is frequently contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Different petroleum oil compounds may produce negative impacts on soil fertility. In this study, four fresh crudes, a weathered petroleum, and oils from bioremediated and burned sites were investigated (specific gravities 0.83–1.27). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed three predominant polar functional groups to be more plentiful in the heavier crudes. The relative abundance of these groups was used to calculate an index that was directly correlated with specific gravity (R 2 = 0.9960) and the percent of asphaltene plus (polars + resins) fractions in the oil (R 2 = 0.9643). This index correlated exponentially to the water repellency caused by petroleum in an alluvial soil (R 2 = 0.9928). Furthermore, extra-heavy oil at a concentration of 10,000 ppm, the maximum allowable oil concentration in the soil that is within regulatory norms in many US states and other countries, and with a specific gravity >1.002, showed severe water repellency. This study presents an alternative for determining soil remediation criteria based on the API gravity of the oil rather than the C-range of the hydrocarbon mixtures, simplifying analytical methods and systematically studying the interaction between the kinds of petroleum mixtures and potential impacts to soil fertility. 相似文献
9.
L. G. B. Torres M. Climent J. Saquelares E. R. Bandala G. Urquiza R. Iturbe 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(3):311-322
A crude contaminated soil, arising from an oil production zone in Tabasco, Mexico was studied. A sample of about 40 kg was dried and screened through meshes 10–100. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and 6 metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, V and Zn) were determined to the different portions. For soil which passed mesh 10, six non-ionic, three anionic and one zwitterionic surfactant solutions (0.5%) were employed to wash the soil. Additional tests using surfactant salt mixtures and surfactants mixtures were carried out. Once the best soil washing conditions were identified, these experimental conditions were applied for washing the rest of the soil portions obtained (meshes 4, 6, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100). Total petroleum hydrocarbons values were in the range of 51, 550 to 192, 130 mg/kg. Cd was not found in any of the soils portions, and the rest of the metals were found at different concentrations, for every soil mesh. Treatability tests applied to the soils indicated that it is possible to get removals between 9.1 to 20.5%. For the case of a sodium dodecyl sulphate 1% solution, total petroleum hydrocarbons removal was as high as 35.4%. Combinations of sodium docecyl sulphate and salts, gave removal rates up to 49.5%. Total petroleum hydrocarbons concentrations for the whole soil were about 150,600 mg/kg. The higher the particle size, the lower the washing removal rate. The combined effect of particle size and total petroleum hydrocarbons concentration, determines the total petroleum hydrocarbons removal efficiencies. These facts are very important for designing an appropriate soil washing remediation process. 相似文献
10.
污染土壤石油生物降解与调控效应研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为考察修复过程中土壤石油降解效应,选用中国北方某油田区现场的原油污染土壤,进行了投加除油菌、调节氮磷营养含量和水分含量等强化措施的修复试验。经过180d修复,结果表明,土壤石油污染物去除率达70·6%,去除速率达0·15g·kg-1·d-1,与自然条件相比,石油污染物半衰期由929d减少为103d。饱和烃去除率占总石油去除的75%以上,主要为十八烷、二十七烷、二十九烷、三十一烷与三十四烷。初期投菌对石油污染土壤的生物修复具有快速启动作用,但后期多次投菌对生物修复的促进作用不明显。对氮磷营养水平的适当调节有利于生物修复进行,本试验中对除油菌生长和石油去除最有利的有效态碳氮比为C∶N=100∶1~50∶1。在石油去除过程中,土壤石油去除速率的变化与除油菌数量变化趋势基本一致,表明微生态环境调控对于污染土壤中的石油降解具有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
11.
为了揭示季节性低温胁迫下陇东黄土高原油污土壤环境因子对耐冷混合菌场地生态修复的响应机制,利用自主筛选构建的耐冷石油降解混合菌在甘肃省庆阳市庆城县马岭镇长庆油田陇东油泥处理站开展了为期7个月的场地修复实验,采用常规方法测定了不同季节土壤理化特性、酶活性和微生物群落特性等环境指标。结果表明：（1）在季节性低温胁迫下（9-11月）M2组（耐冷混合菌处理组）月平均降解率明显增加（P<0.01）,JZJ+M1组（金盏菊联合常温混合菌处理组）和M2组累计TPH降解率分别为15.37%±3.51%和28.64%±4.12%。（2）M2组土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶在低温季节（LT）活性最高,且温度和处理存在显著交互作用（P<0.01）。在土壤营养元素方面,无论何种处理方式（JZJ+M1和M2）二者含量均为RT（常温季节）高于LT（P<0.05）,同时明显高于CK组（P<0.05）。（3）M2组土壤微生物群落Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数在LT高于RT（P<0.05）。（4）NMDS和Pearson相关性分析结果显示,M2组在低温季节具有较高TPH降解率主要与土壤多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶、单月TPH降解率（μ2）和Shannon-Wiener指数有关,且均呈极显著正相关关系。通过分析环境因子的季节响应,优化场地修复在低温环境的降解条件、加速低温期石油烃降解速率,以期为陇东地区低温耐冷混合菌场地生态修复技术的推广应用提供参考和基础数据资料。 相似文献
12.
多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程和特点、污染定量评价、防治和治理措施研发,都是目前寒区经济发展和能源开发迫切需要解决的重要课题.通过室内试验对土体温度场分布、水分分布和石油总量分布的监测分析,研究了冻融循环作用对迁移过程的影响机制.试验结果表明,冻融循环作用通过影响石油污染物本身的物理性质、土颗粒对石油污染物的吸附作用和土体内水相的分布和相状态,影响了石油污染物的迁移过程.原油黏度随温度的降低逐渐增加,使得原油在土体中的迁移能力降低.冻融循环是油水迁移的主要驱动力之一,随着冻融循环的增加,石油污染物和水分向上迁移并聚集,石油随土样高度增加逐渐减小,而水分随高度增加而增加且在一定的位置聚集.研究成果可为多年冻土区石油污染迁移过程和定量评价及防治治理提供重要基础和参考. 相似文献
13.
G. Asadollahfard A. Khodadi N. Javadifar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):712-718
Soil pollution by crude oil is a challenging environmental issue for oil producing countries. Several methods have been developed for remediation of the contaminated soil including washing with different detergents. In this work, we applied UTCHEM simulator model to the sand columns polluted by 10000 and 30000 ppm of crude oil which was treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt% of a biological detergent, saponin. The results showed a good agreement between simulated and pilot study. The maximum remediation was 61% with a pH of 9 when we utilized 0.2 wt% saponin for the column contaminated with 30000 ppm of crude oil. 47% remediation was achieved with a pH of 9 when 0.1wt% of detergent was applied to the same column. Sensitivity analysis indicated an increase in remediation by increasing the pH with the optimum pH of 11. The best possible concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0.1 and 0.2 wt% for 10000 and 30000 ppm pollution, respectively, resulting in crude oil removal efficiencies of 69% and 72%, respectively. Simulation results also indicated that an increase in the permeability of the sand columns would also result in an increased remediation. 相似文献
14.
有机物污染的土壤治理方法及研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
污染土壤的修复已成为环境保护研究的一个重点。本基干有机物污染土壤治理的最新进展,介绍有机物污染土壤的物理、化学、生物、植物治理方法。并讨论了各种治理方法的最新动态与存在问题。 相似文献
15.
This study evaluated remedial alternatives for a petroleum-contaminated site where an unconfined aquifer composed of a sandy layer of about 3–3.5 m thickness is covered by alluvial deposits and reclaimed soil of about 1.5 m thickness. Precambrian gneiss, of low permeability, lies below the sandy layer. The shallow water table is about 3 m below the surface, but shows high fluctuations of up to 1.5 m in response to precipitation events. The unsaturated soil near the water table and the groundwater are highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially toluene, which have apparently leaked from storage tanks. Selection of the remedial alternatives required consideration of the relevant laws on soil and groundwater conservation in Korea, the results of risk analysis and the hydrogeological conditions. The contaminated area has been divided into zones in which different remediation goals are set based on risk analysis and the degree of natural attenuation. It is estimated that the clean-up goal can be achieved in two years by the combined use of a trench drain and well point pumping to collect the contaminated groundwater for treatment, and a dual air injection system for the contaminated soil. 相似文献
16.
E. Romero-Frasca R. H. Adams V. I. Domínguez-Rodríguez 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2381-2388
Number 6 fuel oil is one of the most used energy sources for electricity generation. However, leaks can contaminate soil and also groundwater due to leaching. At old sites, the oil may have low toxicity but still contaminate groundwater with foul-tasting compounds even at low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying H2O2 to reduce the leaching potential of a fuel oil contaminated soil. A silt-loam soil was collected from a contaminated thermal-electric plant with a hydrocarbon concentration of 3.2% in soil producing 4.3 mg/l in leachate. Hydrogen peroxide was applied (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2% dry weight basis), and petroleum hydrocarbons were measured in soil and leachate pre- and post-treatment (72 h). At first, the soil and leachate concentrations diminished linearly (24.4 and 27.3% in soil and leachate, respectively). This was followed by a phase in which the concentration in leachate diminished greatly (75.8%) although the concentration in soil was reduced only moderately (15.1%). Overall, hydrocarbons in leachates were reduced 82.4% even though concentrations in soil were only reduced 35.8%. Correlation analysis showed that at only 1.0% w/w H2O2 a concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in leachate safe for human consumption (≤ 1 mg/l) could be obtained even with a final hydrocarbon concentration in soil > 2%. Thus, this study presents an alternative strategy for remediation of fuel oil contaminated soils in urban environments that protects water sources by focusing on contamination in leachates, without spending extra financial resources to reduce the hydrocarbon concentration in low-toxicity soil. 相似文献
17.
当地下水邂逅DNA:石油类有机污染及其生物降解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水科学与工程研究发展到今日,已经成为一门涉及多个领域的综合性学科。地下水污染的控制和修复研究更需要跨学科的技术和知识支持,而生物修复作为一种高效低耗修复的技术成为环境领域的研究热点。微生物因其自身特性及其对污染的降解主导特征对确定有机物污染场地的永续修复具有重要意义。简要地综述了地下水有机污染及其原位修复、有机污染物和地下环境微生物的交互作用,进一步聚焦生物降解机制、生物修复和细菌研究。在此基础上以某石油污染场地地下水为例,进行了地下水中分离微生物菌株及其降解特征的实验研究。结果表明:放线菌降解效果最好,细菌和真菌次之;两两组合降解效果好于单菌,表明存在协同作用;不同菌株混合降解率较低,表明具有拮抗作用。通过动力学实验得出对TPH的降解符合一级反应动力学方程及其降解速度和降解半衰期。就微生物对有机组分降解而言,烷烃和总石油烃降解规律相似;难降解组分降解率低,后期因烷烃转化使其浓度升高;苯浓度变化不大。微生物活性实验表明:活菌总数和脱氢酶活性与降解率呈正相关变化。运用生理生化及分子生物学方法鉴定得出了具体的菌种。 相似文献
18.
Comparison of biostimulation and bioaugmentation for remediation of soil contaminated with spent motor oil 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
S. Abdulsalam M.Sc PhD I. M. Bugaje M. Eng. PhD S. S. Adefila M.Sc PhD S. Ibrahim M.Sc PhD 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(1):187-194
Aerobic fixed bed bioreactors were used to study and compare biostimulation and bioaugmentation for remediation of soil contaminated with spent motor oil. Bioaugmentation using consortium of bacteria and biostimulation using inorganic fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate were investigated. The bioremediation indicators used were the oil and grease content removals, total heterotrophic bacteria counts and carbon dioxide respiration rates. Results showed that biodegradations were very effective with 50, 66 and 75 % oil and grease content removal efficiencies for control, bioaugmentation and biostimulation respectively after ten weeks. Carbon dioxide respiration followed similar pattern as the oil and grease content removals. Biostimulation option has the highest carbon dioxide generation (6 249 mg/kg) and the control with the least (4 276 mg/kg). Therefore, the biostimulation option can be used to develop a realistic treatment technology for soils contaminated with spent motor oil. 相似文献
19.
地表稠油污染物地球化学研究现状 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
关于石油轻组分对环境的污染问题相对研究较多，而针对稠油污染物的研究则较薄弱。本文着重介绍了目前地表稠油污染物的研究进展，涉及稠油污染的潜在严重性和危害性，其赋存形态、迁移方式和演化机制，以及目前常用的修复方法。进一步开展稠油污染物在地表土壤以及水体中的地球化学特征及演化机制方面的研究工作，将有助于为稠油开采和炼制地区的环境保护和修复治理提供更多的科学依据。 相似文献