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1.
《Geoforum》1987,18(2):213-227
This paper presents evidence concerning changes in regional economic disparities in the EEC. This is related to regional economic theory. Finally the role of technological change and innovation is discussed in the light of empirical evidence and theoretical arguments. 相似文献
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Analysis of locational patterns and change within an industry may be assisted by division of industry participants into groups based on corporate and business strategies. These strategies reflect the assets of the companies and the characteristics of the industry. They affect the locational needs, behavior and impact of the companies. Hypothesized effects of strategy are explored in a brief study of U.S. semiconductor manufacturers. Of the possible strategic considerations, corporate diversification and integration, and business scale and cost/price position seem to be the most relevant for this industry. 相似文献
3.
The aim of the paper is to investigate the process of spatial agglomeration of innovation and production activities and to assess the extent to which the degree of specialisation or diversity externalities in the area may affect the innovative output in a particular local industry. The analysis is carried out thanks to an original databank on innovation and production activity across 85 industrial sectors and 784 Italian Local Labour Systems, which are groupings of municipalities characterised by a high degree of self-contained flows of commuting workers. According to the global and local indicators of spatial association there are clear signs of spatial correlation in the distribution of innovation activities. The econometric analysis shows that the two types of externalities – specialisation and urbanisation economies – are both effective. Moreover, we find evidence for knowledge spillovers since technological activities of a local industry influence positively innovations of the same sectors in contiguous areas. 相似文献
4.
本文论述了科技创新及其重要性,指出地勘行业目前科技创新存在的一些问题和认识误区。提出加强科技创新工作,进一步提高对科技创新重要性认识;加快创新机构和创新服务机构的建设;为科技创新提供良好的政策和社会环境;依靠科技创新,调整、优化经济结构,逐步形成具特色的支柱产业和主导产业等建议。 相似文献
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O. Gritsai 《GeoJournal》1997,42(4):365-376
The locational pattern of business services in Moscow is analyzed in the context of established concepts of BS location in the largest cities of the world and existing views on urban change in transitional economies. The typically post-Soviet elements of this pattern are emphasized as well as the way they affect urban change generally. The empirical part of the paper comprises a detailed analysis of BS locations in Moscow and an attempt to explain the geography of business districts in a broad historical and political context. The theoretical discussion is focused on similarities and differences of BS spatial structures in Moscow with those of other world capitals. 相似文献
7.
The organisational context of retail locational planning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Retailers have a large number of techniques at their disposal to assist them in their locational planning, but the use made
of them is varied, regardless of their intrinsic merits. The reasons for this lie very much in the organisational context
in which the techniques are applied. This paper discusses the nature of locational planning and decision making, and puts
forward a framework which links locational planning and the organisational settings in which it takes place. The preliminary
results of a survey of the use of techniques by U.K. retailers are presented, which show that while most companies use more
than ‘Rules of Thumb’, it is the simplest techniques which are the most widely used. The application of the more advanced
knowledge based methods is still relatively uncommon. The explanation for the variations lies in the attributes of the techniques
themselves, the types of locational planning undertaken, and the structural and cultural characteristics of the companies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
In the second half of the 1990s, socio-spatial segregation increased in Brazilian cities, accentuating inequity among social groups. Using a combination of space syntax techniques and statistical analysis, this paper explores locational differences in central and peripheral portions of Belém. The analysis shows how socio-spatial segregation was made more pronounced by relationships between urban form, infrastructure provision and locational values. Social groups' opportunities in the city are suggested to be limited by features of its urban form, associated with infrastructure provision, especially for groups unable to take advantage of intra-urban accessibility. The paper also discusses the findings of the study in relation to the Brazilian urban context at the end of the 1990s. 相似文献
9.
机械工业第九设计研究院 《中国勘察设计》2009,(1):58-60
结合机械九院近年来在技术创新方面的经验,分别从工程项目技术创新、创新建筑工程技术与构建新型工业厂房完整体系、设计手段创新和建设完善的企业技术创新体系等几个方面详细论证了具体做法,对今后的技术创新工作进行了展望。 相似文献
10.
Some resource-based economies become wealthy while others stay poor and Norway belongs to the first category. This paper argues that part of the answer to why Norway has managed to benefit from its rich natural resources is found in the formation of a well-functioning national innovation system. The paper integrates the innovation system approach with a historical approach through the concept of co-evolution. The empirical study investigates how innovation systems evolve in natural resource industries through analysing the co-evolution between industry, knowledge organisations and national policy in the Norwegian aluminium and petroleum sectors. Parallels are found in the development of these two sectors, which are: (i) the deliberate use of concession laws to seize value creation and technological development from foreign direct investments, (ii) the establishment and prioritisation of state-owned companies and (iii) the more or less intentional formation of a national innovation system. The paper points to the relevance of analysing the historical evolution of national innovation systems to understand the creation of their specific path-dependent characteristics, to analyse how policy influences the creation and working of innovation systems, to use a multilevel approach in studies of innovation systems and to consider how innovation processes in different industries are linked in value chains and through knowledge flows. 相似文献
11.
在全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段即“十三五”时期,我国进一步加大了防灾减灾科技投入,以防灾减灾业务需求为导向,围绕国家战略部署和防灾减灾业务链、创新链实施了一批重大科技项目,形成了成灾理论研究、关键技术研发、仪器装备研制、应用示范、专业队伍建设等综合防范体系,为“十四五”我国新时期自然灾害防治创新体系的构建打下了坚实的基础,并促进了中国特色防灾减灾事业的持续稳固发展。 相似文献
12.
Brian W. Ilbery 《Geoforum》1983,14(1):111-123
Patterns of hop production in the U.K. have received scant attention in the geographical literature and little attempt has been made to apply the theoretical principles developed by Harvey to a declining rather than expanding industry. Trends in the U.K. hop industry are outlined before attention is focused on spatial changes in hop production in the West Midlands. The role of distance as a locational factor is examined and shown to be of continuing importance as the industry becomes increasingly concentrated around the core parish of Castle Frome. Physical factors, vital in defining the initial core area, have reinserted their importance as the hop industry has declined spatially and temporally. It is demonstrated how Harvey's economic principles are of limited value when attempting to explain patterns of decline, and the paper concludes by emphasizing the complexity of the situation and the need to examine the decision-making processes of the hop growers themselves. 相似文献
13.
科学数据是科技创新的基础,也是人类宝贵的科技信息资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的难题。数据出版（元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版）是解决这个难题的有效机制。“全球地质数据出版系统”（中英文）将实现元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联一体出版,通过互联网实现科学传播和公益性共享机制,在保护数据知识产权和促进数据共享方面起着重要作用。该系统将推动全世界地质学家共享科学数据,为地质领域科技创新提供数据基础。本文基于数据出版的概念,全面介绍了全球地质数据出版,并探讨其数据共享的意义价值。 相似文献
14.
The Eastern Highlands of Australia have probably been in existence since the Late Cretaceous or earlier and so there has been ample time for mature gossan profiles to form over outcropping volcanogenic Zn–Pb–Cu mineralisation in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt. The mature gossan profiles are characterised by the upward progression from supergene sulfides to secondary sulfates, carbonates and phosphates into a Fe-oxide dominated surficial capping which may contain boxwork textures after the original sulfides (as at the Woodlawn massive sulfide deposit). However, the region has locally been subjected to severe erosion and the weathering profile over many deposits is incomplete (immature) with carbonate and phosphate minerals, especially malachite, being found in surficial material. These immature gossans contain more Cu, Pb and Zn but lower As, Sn (and probably Au) than the mature gossans. Although Pb is probably the best single pathfinder for Zn–Pb–Cu VHMS deposits of the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, Ag, As, Au, Bi, Mo, Sb and Sn are also useful, with most of these elements able to be concentrated in substantial amounts in Fe oxides and alunite–jarosite minerals. 相似文献
15.
Laulajainen Risto Dr. 《GeoJournal》1982,6(5):399-408
Corporate space is formed by locational decisions. Some decisions result from decisions on product lines. All decisions are made within the framework of financial and personnel resources. The frequency of variation in the framework and in the decisions (highest to lowest) is: Profitability, location, product line/presidential office, core area. This array or temporal hierarchy is derived from three industrial corporations, large by Scandinavian standards. 相似文献
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The analysis of petroleum inclusions (PI) in parallel to residual oils (=bitumens) provided specific constraints for petroleum migration processes in the Prague Basin. Whereas organic geochemical information from bitumens is limited due to alteration, additional high quality information was obtained from C1–14-range compounds inside crystals. This was obtained by the application of a closed system for the decrepitation and thermal extraction of PI with subsequent gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The resulting data not only show pristine live oils, gases, residual and precipitated bitumens and a broad variation of mixtures of the groups above, but also show that gas migration and fractionation processes played a major role in the Prague Basin. 相似文献
18.
M. J. Healey 《Geoforum》1981,12(4):359-370
Product change is a neglected form of locational adjustment. This exploratory study examines the changes that 64 multi-plant enterprises in the United Kingdom textile and clothing industries made to the products manufactured in their plants during a six year period. Transfers of products to and from plants and the introduction of products new to the enterprise were the most common types of change. The extension of manufacture of products to other plants and product abandonments occurred less frequently. Product change decisions were relatively important in comparison with the frequency of occurrence of other types of locational change. Altering the use made of particular locations gave an important flexibility to the operations of the companies. The most important reasons affecting the product changes were a desire to expand production of products already manufactured by the company, to introduce closely related products and to reorganise the location of products between plants. The degree of diversification, the investment strategy, the size, and the profitability of the enterprises were the most important characteristics of the companies influencing the frequencies with which the various types of product change occurred. Some types of plant were also found more likely to experience product changes than others: notably, the head office plants of parent companies, large plants, plants producing in declining industries, and recently opened plants. 相似文献
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The new retail trade and services and their emerging location pattern in St. Petersburg 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The system of factors affecting the spatial distribution of the retail trade and service establishments has changed dramatically since socialist times. The administrative regulation lost its almost complete dominance and turned into one of the market forces. In contrast, the impact of the urban environment under very free market conditions substantially increased. We show the main directions of this influence. Two generalized indicators that we use describe macro trends in the development of the spatial system of retail trade and services. One of them, which we call the urban morphology, is of a concentric effect, another – transportation pattern – adds the sectoral component to the retail trade and services geography. Five systems of spatial attractions differently affect the distribution of different branches. 相似文献