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1.
本文根据北京地铁复兴门折返站工程开挖全过程中隧洞侧壁土体水平位移观测结果,结合其它工程的观测资料,分析了浅埋隧洞注浆开挖全过程中土体水平位移的一些规律。初步探讨了如何运用测斜仪在施工过程中进行安全观测的问题,并从水平位移这个角度评价一种先在土体中注浆然后采用新奥法施工的新施工方法。 相似文献
2.
地铁车站施工中常穿越大量的市政管道,由于隧道开挖引起地层损失和地表沉降,地下管道将会发生变形,往往影响地铁施工,注浆是对地下管道进行沉降控制的主要技术措施。以北京地铁黄庄站下穿热力管道抬升注浆工程为研究对象,利用三维有限差分数值方法分析了新建车站开挖引起超大管道的变形特征。结果表明,在抬升区注浆单元施加膨胀压力可以较好模拟注浆抬升既有管道的效果;采用应变软化模型,可以有效模拟土体材料的弹塑性力学行为,反映注浆完成后浆脉的固结和周围土体的湿陷作用。对比注浆抬升模拟计算和沉降监测结果,验证了有限差分数值方法模拟劈裂注浆抬升管道过程的正确性和有效性。同时模拟分析注浆抬升管道的影响因素,获得了一些规律性的认识,为劈裂注浆抬升地下管道工程的施工和设计提供指导。 相似文献
3.
随着地铁网络不断完善,越来越多的新建盾构隧道近距离穿越既有隧道,然而对于盾构隧道近距离穿越既有隧道影响的研究尚不够完善。以上海典型软弱地层为背景,通过离心模型试验,研究了不同注浆率下的盾构上穿越施工对既有隧道以及周围地层的影响。选用排液法在离心场中模拟盾构施工,在不停机状态下成功模拟隧道开挖卸载、地层损失和注浆效应。分析了在不同的注浆率条件下,既有隧道在上穿越施工期和工后长期的位移、周围孔压和纵向应力的变化规律。试验结果表明,新建隧道近距离上穿越既有隧道时,隧道开挖的卸载效应等会导致既有隧道的隆起,但随着注浆率增大,既有隧道的隆起量减小。但过高注浆率对周围土体扰动较大,从而导致工后既有隧道的沉降也越大。 相似文献
4.
Multiline tunneling construction in soft soil significantly impedes risk control and environmental protection. Current research has investigated on the effect of single-line shield excavation on surrounding environments and tunneling for parallel-crossing or perpendicular down-crossing underground structures. However, minimal attention has been given to soil disturbances induced by multiline tunneling and complex overlapped interaction mechanics for adjacent structures, such as existing above-crossing and down-crossing subway tunnels. Few studies focus on oblique crossing construction and setting rules for the operation parameters of shield machines. Based on the Shanghai Railway transportation project and in situ monitoring data, the deformation analyses of existing subway tunnels induced by an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield during the process of above-overlapped and down-overlapped crossing tunnels with oblique angles are presented. The deformation analyses employ the three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) numerical simulation method, and the simplified analytical method. The analysis results from the theoretical methods are consistent with the monitoring data. The setting rules of multiline propulsion main parameters, including the earth pressure for cutting open, and the synchronized grouting, are also established. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the development of properly overlapped crossing schemes and geotechnical protective measures during multiline tunneling construction in soft soil. 相似文献
5.
浅覆软弱地层中小净距盾构隧道施工时,后行隧道施工显著影响先行隧道安全,但深埋情况下,由于地下岩土层的复杂性和不确定性,使得多线隧道施工时先行隧道的变形变得复杂。以上海硬X射线土建部分盾构隧道为背景,结合有限元数值模拟,分析了深埋小净距盾构隧道施工时的相互影响,并对不同的盾构参数进行了敏感性分析。研究表明:随着后行隧道的开挖,先行隧道管片的变形增量变化基本呈双峰特征。当采用左-右-中方式开挖时,管片变形增量呈一大一小双峰分布;而采用中-右-左方式时,管片竖向变形增量峰值的大小和方向相同,而水平变形增量的峰值相同,方向不同;随着浆液弹性模量的增加,管片竖向变形增量变化较大,水平变形增量基本不变;随着顶推力的增大,管片的变形也在相应地增大,并在支护应力比为0.6～0.7之间时达到稳定;地下水的存在对管片竖向变形有着一定的影响;通过对比2种开挖方式管片的变形收敛情况,选择左-右-中次序开挖比较安全。 相似文献
7.
隧道穿越复杂松散堆积体地层时,如何确保隧道施工过程的安全是工程人员普遍关心的课题。依托云南省罗打拉隧道,基于Monte Carlo随机原理,结合数字图像处理技术,建立了考虑接触面单元及抗拉强度的堆积体地层隧道开挖细观结构模型,并探讨了隧道开挖引起的堆积体围岩变形、破坏过程以及失稳机制,并在现场进行应用验证。研究结果表明,构建的堆积体地层隧道开挖细观结构模型可有效反映隧道开挖过程中围岩的破坏过程,围岩位移等值线呈波动性与非对称性分布;围岩破坏以剪切破坏为主,局部存在拉裂?剪切复合破坏,且破坏区由边缘块石尖端向深层逐步扩展,形成包裹块石的剪切楔形区及拉剪松动圈,在施工扰动下易发生局部失稳。针对堆积体地层破坏特征,提出了围岩注浆加固措施,地层加固后土石颗粒间胶结良好,开挖轮廓周边形成有效的注浆加固圈,开挖支护过程围岩变形可控,支护结构稳定,效果良好,可为后续类似松散堆积体地层隧道的设计、施工提供新思路。 相似文献
8.
隧道洞口段埋深浅,围岩松散,自稳能力较差,开挖后洞内及地表均出现多条裂缝。经方案比选,采用钢花管对洞顶及两侧部分的地表和隧道地基与拱脚部位进行注浆加固。在注浆加固施工的过程中,隧洞内也同时开挖,几种工序的施工扰动产生叠加,势必对隧道的稳定及安全产生影响。结合工程实践,对洞内开挖及地表注浆工况并结合隧道监测数据进行分析,得出一些初步结论。 相似文献
9.
In the construction of the tunnel passing through the existing structure at an ultra-close distance, the existing structure will produce obvious deformation. It is very important to understand the deformation characteristics of the existing upper structure at different positions, especially to ensure the safety of the upper structure and improve the effectiveness of tunnel construction. In this study, the double-line tunnels of Qingdao Metro Line 4 passing under the Cuobuling station were taken as the engineering background, and a detailed 3D numerical model was established. This study comprehensively considered the on-site construction process, including grouting hardening, stress release of the excavated rock mass, grouting pressure and so on. The influence of tunnel excavation on the ground settlement was compared with or without a station structure, and the result was fitted with an empirical formula. Finally, the deformation of the station structure due to the excavation of the double-line tunnels was analyzed. The results of the analysis were as follows: (1) In the presence of the station structure, the excavation of the tunnels had a significant impact on the surface settlement. (2) The settlement of the sidewall caused by the excavation of the left-line tunnel was greater than that of the right-line tunnel, and the settlement at the junction of the sidewall and the bottom plate was smaller than that at other positions of the sidewall. (3) Compared with the roof and middle slabs, the floor of the station was more susceptible to the influence of tunnel excavation. Overall, the research could provide guidance and reference for similar double-line tunnels through existing stations. 相似文献
10.
城市隧道暗挖施工期间拱顶以及地表的沉降量对施工安全、工程功能及城市道路正常运行具有重要意义。浅埋暗挖法施工中各类马头门的施工因其受力转换特殊往往是施工过程中关注的重点。北京地铁7号线某区间暗挖隧道马头门处于竖井明挖施工的回填土中,其土质情况复杂、暗挖不确定性因素多。为保证隧道施工和周围构筑物的安全,须对处于回填土范围内竖井马头门的破除与开挖方案进行研究。本文根据地表勘察钻探和超前探测所获取的地层资料和工程设计资料,应用FLAC3D软件对马头门破除时的两个支护方案进行了对比分析。施工实践与理论分析均表明,采用无收缩（WSS）深孔注浆方案的地表沉降量约是超前小导管支护方案沉降量的1/2～1/3。 相似文献
11.
针对常规注浆施工中串浆、跑浆严重，对地层加固效果不理想的现状，模袋袖阀管注浆技术开始在隧道超前注浆施工中得到应用，但目前模袋注浆压力的确定多以经验为主。考虑模袋在注浆过程中始终保持柱形扩张，同时在周围被挤密土体中形成一个由弹性区和塑性区组成的应力影响区。基于弹塑性理论，考虑在周围土体的塑性影响区内采用非关联流动法则，推导得到了表征模袋注浆过程中浆体初始半径R0、浆体现时半径Ru和土体塑性区半径Rp之间关系的表达式，由此可以解出模袋注浆压力P的理论计算公式。参数分析结果表明：模袋注浆压力值受土体弹性模量、内摩擦角、黏聚力和初始应力的影响显著。将所得的模袋注浆压力理论计算公式应用于人民会堂站的模袋袖阀管注浆工程中，由浆体扩张半径Ru随注浆压力P的变化规律可以得出：当浆液对周围土体的挤密效果最佳时,模袋注浆压力 ，浆体最终扩张半径R' = 20 cm。注浆效果检验结果表明：模袋注浆膨胀构造的止浆岩盘成功实现了对浆液扩散的控制，达到了预期的控域注浆效果。 相似文献
12.
分析了反压土与支护结构相互作用的机制。在此基础上,基于弹性抗力法,结合天津市一些工程经验,建立了考虑反压土影响时支护结构内力和变形的计算方法,并结合工程实例进行比较分析。分析结果表明,反压土高度不变时,随着反压土的坡度减小或反压土宽度的增大,支护结构的最大位移和最大弯矩都逐渐减小;当反压土的坡度减小到一定值或顶宽增大到一定的程度时,支护结构的最大位移和最大弯矩不再减小而趋于一个定值。反压土土质条件对反压土的作用的发挥有着显著作用。开挖前进行良好的降水,开挖过程中注意不要扰动反压土,并对反压土做好良好的护坡,防止雨水侵入土坡,这些措施均有助于保证反压土作用的充分发挥。必要时,可考虑对反压土进行注浆加固。工程实测表明本文建议方法的计算结果与工程实测结果较吻合,并表明在开挖面积较大的基坑工程中,条件适当时,采用基坑内侧预留反压土的方法可不需设置水平支撑,可节约大量基坑支护投资,并缩短工期,具有良好的经济效果。 相似文献
13.
顶管施工引起周围地层变形的计算预测是顶管施工中必须加以重视的问题。地层的沉降变形与顶管施工的几个环节有密切的联系,如：①顶管姿态与开挖面土压;②顶进与换管;③注浆过程等。理论分析应考虑这几个施工中的关键因素。针对上述施工影响因素,提出了考虑注浆压力的顶管施工的地层移动的计算方法。用Mindlin的位移解分析模拟开挖面土压、顶进与换管过程中的侧面摩擦力的变化引起的位移;以Sagaseta的土体损失引起的土体位移模式分析姿态控制、土体损失等引起的变形;将圆孔扩张的Verruijt解拓展到三维,用于计算注浆压力引起的位移与变形。结果表明,考虑注浆压力的变化,可以得到更为合理的预测结果。 相似文献
14.
上海市复兴东路越黄浦江隧道工程,在南线和北线隧道内各设置一个泵房,其中泵房开挖土体,采用冻结法施工,为了保土体证开挖过程冻结壁的安全性,采用三维有限差分法FLAC3D,对整个施工过程进行了数值模拟,针对不同开挖方式,分析了开挖过程中冻土壁的力学变化,并对保证冻结安全的施工措施进行了分析,提出了指导施工的合理化建议。 相似文献
15.
黄土隧道围岩不同开挖与支护施工方案的数值分析,对了解黄土隧洞变形破坏机理以及黄土隧洞设计施工理论具有重要意义。对黄土隧道围岩采用中壁法和双侧壁导坑法开挖各3种不同支护顺序分别进行了模拟计算,考察了各个施工工序地表最大沉降量、隧洞拱顶最大下沉量、围岩塑性区分布、衬砌单元弯矩以及岩体总应变能变化。计算结果表明,从开挖方法来说,双侧壁导坑法要优于中壁法;从支护顺序来说,滞后支护要优于及时支护。此结果可为黄土隧道工程设计施工提供参考。 相似文献
16.
The fronts of tunnels excavated under particularly difficult ground conditions by employing conventional tunnelling methods are commonly supported: the stabilization is usually achieved either by improving the mechanical properties of the soil (injections, jet grouting, soil freezing, etc.) or by introducing linear inclusions. This last technique, consisting in the introduction of pipes (usually made of fibreglass reinforced polymers) in the front, is particularly popular since it is very simple to adapt the reinforcement geometry, length and number to the different conditions encountered during the excavation. The design of this reinforcement technique is nowadays based on very simplified approaches: on either empirical formula or the limit equilibrium method. In a previous paper, the authors numerically studied the mechanical response of unreinforced fronts in cohesive soils and defined a non-dimensional front characteristic curve. In this paper, the authors intend to take into consideration the role of reinforcements by following the same approach. A procedure allowing the definition of the reinforced non-dimensional front characteristic curve, once the reinforcement pattern is assigned, is introduced. The practical use of this curve is described. 相似文献
17.
针对青岛土岩组合地区富水砂层特点,对比分析超前深孔注浆和帷幕注浆加固技术在上软下硬地层中的施工关键技术,通过现场监测及开挖取样对比分析其在土岩组合地层中的适用性。研究结果表明:当富水砂层位于隧道拱顶范围内,采用超前深孔注浆,注浆效果较难控制,拱顶离砂层越近,注浆效果越难把握,隧道渗漏水问题越严重;施工容易对地层产生隆起,且隧道内渗漏水较多;当砂层位于拱顶以上采用帷幕注浆,跟踪监测表明,洞内变形、地表沉降能控制在有效范围内,表现出了更好的适用性,值得进一步优化和推广;土岩组合富水砂层段,开挖采用松动爆破,使加固地层中重新形成部分漏水通道。 相似文献
18.
基于Peck公式,对双线水平平行盾构隧道施工中土体损失引起的三维土体沉降计算方法进行研究。考虑先行隧道施工对后行隧道的影响和两条隧道开挖面的不同位置,建立修正的三维Peck公式;通过分别计算先行盾构隧道和后行盾构隧道施工引起的土体沉降,叠加得到双线水平平行盾构施工引起的总的三维土体沉降。算例分析结果表明：预测值与实测值比较吻合;随着两条隧道开挖面前后距离的逼近,地面最大沉降量会逐渐增大;随着土体深度z的增大,沉降略增大、沉降槽宽度则略减小;当两条隧道轴线水平距离L较小时,地面沉降量较大,符合正态分布规律;随着L的增大,最大地面沉降量会逐渐减小,沉降曲线形状慢慢由V型转变成W型。 相似文献
19.
Uncertainty of properties of improved soft ground with chemical grouting often results in discrepancy between simulated results and observed data and makes prediction for ground subsidence difficult. It also made practice usually adopts unconfined compressive strength of soil–cement mixtures as design control criterion. This paper presents a methodology to interpret the strength and deformation parameters from unconfined compressive strength of soil–cement mixtures for advanced numerical analysis which is widely used in reinforcing the soft ground and pre-supporting excavation. Observed data are used to compare with the simulated results and validate the interpretations. Numerical experiments with two-dimensional finite element model for covered undercutting of large cross-sectional twin tunnel under an existing subway station are presented. Issues with respect to design and construction of excavation that potentially affect the ground surface subsidence are explored. It was found that the ground subsidence caused by tunneling in soil–cement medium under existing subway station is similar to that in a greenfield site but with flatter settlement trough. Unconfined compressive strength of soil–cement mixtures ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa can significantly reduce the settlement to an acceptable control criterion. Settlement magnitude is influenced by pillar width but not obviously by the location of umbrella arch installed in twin tunnels. 相似文献
20.
高喷插芯组合桩（简称JPP桩）是一种新型复合材料桩,实现了刚性桩的效果、柔性桩的成本,在基坑支护等工程中得到应用,但其水平承载性能的研究落后于工程实践。为了研究不同组合形式的JPP桩水平承载特性,利用自主研制的桩基模型试验加载系统进行了4种不同组合形式下JPP桩水平载荷试验,研究结果表明：分段组合II的水平承载能力最高,上组合与分段组合I相近,下组合的水平承载能力最低,表明越多的分段组合呈现出整体承受水平荷载的能力。桩身最大弯矩出现在距离桩顶以下3~4倍芯桩桩径处,该部位相对薄弱,易发生破坏。地面下一定深度范围内的土体特性将直接影响着桩的水平承载能力。 相似文献
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