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During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the river valley from Yingxiu to Wenchuan experienced numerous landslides and became a prominent area of landslide complexes. The present large landslide complex near the earthquake epicenter consisted of Laohuzui slide 1, Laohuzui slide 2 and Douyaping slide. The scale, geology, morphology, sliding process, and failure mechanism of the landslide complex are analyzed by means of field investigation, aerial photograph and stereographic projection technique. Characteristics of these three slides including seismic response of slope, landslide debris, damage and potential failure are discussed: the convex slope and the upslope of fractured granitic rock at high altitude are highly prone to landsliding under earthquake; the high source altitude and long travel path determine grain sizes and the deposit angle of the slide debris; the landslide complex completely buries the G213 roadway and dams up the Minjiang River in these sections; after the earthquake, rainfall, aftershocks and river erosion may retrigger new failures, such as retrogressive slide of weathered fractured rock, colluvial landslide, debris flow, embankment failure and rockfall. The following are presented as suggested remedial measures to protect the roadway and stabilize the slope: the removing and trenching, protective concrete/rock blocks against erosion, retaining structure, rockfall stopping wall, rockfall restraining net, rock bolt, and the planting of vegetation. 相似文献
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Kaiheng Hu Chaohua Wu Jinbo Tang Alessandro Pasuto Yanji Li Shuaixing Yan 《Landslides》2018,15(12):2465-2474
On June 24, 2017 (21:39 UTC, June 23rd), a catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village of Mao County, Sichuan Province, China. Soon after the event, some research teams carried out field investigations in order to both support the emergency operations and to understand the failure mechanism and possible evolutionary scenarios. Based on further in-depth interpretation of high-resolution remote-sensing images and detailed field surveys, it is newly found that there are at least six old rockfall deposits in the source area that prove the historic activity of the landslide scarp. Seismic data of the event and morphological evidences along the slope indicate that the landslide was preceded by a significant rockfall. Mechanical calculations show that the surface force due to pore water was far less than the impact force due to the rockfall. It means that the subsequent major rock avalanche was more likely due to the impact of the rockfall on the rock slope below, which broke the rock bridges and caused drop of shear resistance along the fractures. According to these new understandings, a different triggering mechanism for the landslide is proposed. 相似文献
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不稳定斜坡是贵州省威宁县最为常见的一种灾害类型,土质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与土质滑坡相似,岩质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与崩塌相似.在不稳定斜坡地质灾害中,自然土质不稳定斜坡占绝大多数,其中金斗乡凉水井不稳定斜坡为一典型土质不稳定斜坡,对其稳定性分析与评价具有代表性. 相似文献
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地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩、滑地质灾害因其巨大的致灾力引起了广泛关注,其研究主要集中在：①地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害特征和影响因素统计学分析,即从典型地震触发的大量斜坡崩滑灾害实例研究入手,从统计学角度分析地震崩滑灾害发育特征同地震参数（地震震级、地震烈度、震源深度、震中距等）和斜坡体特征（坡高、坡角、岩性、构造、水文地质条件等）之间的关系;②地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害的形成机制和动力响应特征研究,即分析地震波产生的拉压和剪切作用对斜坡体的影响及在这种作用下斜坡体发生的破坏和运动过程;③地震作用下斜坡稳定性评价和致灾预测研究,主要是评价、预测方法和技术的类别及特征。基于此阐述了该研究中存在的问题和今后的研究趋势。 相似文献
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眉山市地质灾害隐患数量多,分布广泛,险情较严重.地质灾害隐患点以滑坡、不稳定斜坡和崩塌为主.主要分在市境内的中山、低山和深丘等地质灾害高易发区和地质灾害中易发地区.发生时间多集中每年在6～9月的雨季高易发期.地质灾害发育分布主要受地形地貌、地质构造和岩性组合的控制,而降雨和人类不合理工程经济活动则是眉山市地质灾害发生的主要引发因素. 相似文献
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小浪底库区垣曲段近岸区地质环境条件比较复杂，库区近岸以崩塌、滑坡、黄土湿陷为主的地质灾害较为发育，水库蓄水升至275m水位后，必将引起库岸再造，库区水位以下岩土均被软化，引发水下崩塌、滑坡、沿河黄土岸坡也会不断崩塌后退，直接危及沿岸居民区及沿河工矿企业及公路的安全。文章总结了库区近岸各种类型地质灾害发育特征及其成因，通过对库区近岸崩塌、滑坡形成条件的分析，基本查明了区内崩塌，滑坡发育的基本规律，对库区环境地质问题进行了分区，并对主要居民区环境地质问题进行了评价，运用工程地质类比法及理论计算法，对主要居民区是否受到坍岸危害，进行了最终坍岸宽度计算，对区内环境和地质问题进行了预测，在对区内各主要居民点及库区近岸区环境地质条件分析后，提出了以勘查与治理，运用生物工程及灾情预估等内容的减灾防灾对策。 相似文献
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Guruh Samodra Guangqi Chen Junun Sartohadi Danang Sri Hadmoko Kiyonobu Kasama Muhammad Anggri Setiawan 《Landslides》2016,13(4):805-819
A rockfall susceptibility based on trajectory-energy/velocity approach needs release area or rockfall source. However, identification of rockfall source is not always possible for some areas in Indonesia. This paper presents a rockfall susceptibility zoning based on back analysis technique of rockfall deposit inventory in Gunung Kelir, Java. There were several steps in the rockfall susceptibility zoning: (1) rockfall deposit inventory, (2) rockfall simulation based on back analysis of rockfall deposit inventory, (3) sensitivity analysis, and (4) rockfall susceptibility zoning. The result suggests that the travel distance is affected by the spatial distribution of rockfall source, lithology or surface material, and topography (angle of slope and angle of aspect). Final trajectories were employed to generate landslide susceptibility map which may allow a policy maker to have an advanced consideration to achieve specified risk measures and evaluation of their cost efficiency to optimize budget and design. Application of rockfall susceptibility zoning based on back analysis of rockfall deposits is efficient where rockfall source information is unavailable. 相似文献
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四川南部城市群为成渝经济区区域规划中四大城市群之一,有望成为四川省第二大增长极。区内多为丘陵山地型城市,有限的发展空间迫使城市建设活动中频繁的削坡、回填,在获得发展空间的同时也引发了大量的环境工程地质问题。地震活动、红层风化,地质灾害是区内最主要的环境工程地质问题。通过分析前人研究成果结合收集资料分析得出：华（？）山断裂及荥经-马边-盐津断裂在区内均表现为强活动性,地震活动频繁。侏罗系-白垩系红层泥岩具有快速风化的特性,红层边坡具有剥落、崩塌、落石、表层溜塌、滑塌、浅层滑坡六大破坏方式。区内地质灾害频发,发育密度达7.81处/100km~2,地质灾害类型以滑坡、崩塌为主。 相似文献
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地处湘西山区的湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线分布众多的红层边坡。因其工程地质条件的特殊性,边坡灾害时有发生,严重影响了列车的安全运行。文章首先对这一地区红层的工程地质特性进行研究,在此基础上,对边坡破坏形式、规律、机理等进行深入探讨。研究表明:分布在湘西铁路沿线的红层具有岩性多变、软硬互层、浸水崩解、遇水软化、结构面众多及泥化软弱夹层发育等工程特性;红层边坡变形破坏的主要形式有风化剥落、坡面变形、崩塌落石和顺层滑坡等。文章通过湘西湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线12处较大红层路堑滑坡的调查及综合分析,得出这一地区红层路堑滑坡形成的基本规律并根据滑坡体物质及滑动面特征对其进行了分类。分析了该地区红层滑坡的形成机理并提出红层边坡地质灾害的防治措施。 相似文献
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李善峰 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(B12):124-126
论文对崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的防治处理进行归纳总结，并依据灾害的类型、性质、成因、规模大小、滑体特点提出了不同的治理方法。包括：绕避、加载反压、清方减重、防崩滑挡土墙、抗滑明洞、排水工程、抗滑桩、锚杆加固等。根据工程特点，需要在地质勘探和稳定性分析后对治理方案进行优化。 相似文献
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Rockfall susceptibility zoning at a large scale: From geomorphological inventory to preliminary land use planning 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rockfall, up to several hundreds of cubic meters, is a frequent and rapid landslide which menaces extensive areas in mountainous territories. Rockfall susceptibility zoning map at a large scale (1:5000–1:25 000) can be the first tool for land use planning in order to manage rockfall risk. A methodology allowing to analyze susceptibility in extensive areas with optimum cost/benefit relationship is needed. This work analyzes rockfall susceptibility in an extensive rocky mountain of the Principality of Andorra (Pyrenees Mountains), first on the rock slope and then on the exposed area located below. The rockfall record, obtained by means of geomorphological analysis, supplies the main data to analyze the susceptibility on the rock slope. An additional historical inventory verifies the accuracy of rockfall sizes recorded by means of the geomorphological analysis. According to the classification recommended by the Guidelines of Joint Technical Committee, the density of rockfall features on the rock slope assesses susceptibility in four levels. Subsequently, susceptibility on exposed areas has been analyzed by means of reach probability of rock blocks analysis using empirical models. Data acquired from thirteen recent events, from 1999 to 2004, have been used to verify the accuracy of the two empirical models mainly used (reach angle and shadow angle). Five reach probability limits (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.01, and 0) establish boundaries between susceptibility levels. The resulting rockfall susceptibility zoning map allows: (a) to identify land areas and human elements exposed to rockfalls and, (b) to establish several exposition levels. This map can be a useful and cost-effective tool for administrations responsible to manage natural risk in order to guide urban grow in extensive areas or decide upon work programs based on in-depth analysis (hazard and risk). 相似文献
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危岩是山区常见的地质灾害之一。以往研究缺少对危岩整体破坏导致危岩解体方面的关注,而危岩在失稳崩落过程中的解体行为却是预测危岩影响范围和防治成效的关键所在。为此,文章以郑万（郑州—万州）高铁宜万段沿线隧道洞口边坡危岩为研究对象,从结构面角度出发,对危岩崩落破坏特征进行研究。通过对15个隧道洞口边坡的调查,首先从边坡坡度、岩性组合、相对高差三个方面总结了研究区危岩发育分布规律;然后根据边坡岩体结构特征,分析了危岩失稳模式,并基于边坡上部危岩和下部落石的体积和形状对应关系,进一步探讨了边坡危岩崩落破坏演化过程;在此基础上,利用Rockfall模拟软件对落石运动特征进行预测分析。结果表明:（1）研究区边坡呈上陡下缓地形,上部基岩裸露,坡度基本上≥70°;危岩主要发育于弱风化的灰岩和白云岩中;边坡高差在150~300 m之间。（2）边坡上部危岩将呈阶梯状方式逐渐沿基底结构面滑移或者沿后缘结构面拉裂坠落。（3）研究区危岩崩落破坏模式主要为边坡上部岩体沿结构面解体破坏。（4）大部分隧道洞口边坡落石危险性较大,严重威胁隧道洞口的安全,需要采取相应的防治措施。研究成果可为在建的郑万高铁宜万段隧道边坡危岩的有效防治提供参考。 相似文献
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在高陡边坡危岩体的调查中,复杂的地形条件经常限制工作的正常开展,如何快速准确地获取地质灾害信息一直是地质灾害调查研究中的难点之一。以往的研究中对无人机遥感技术在黄土、高原等地区应用有所报道,但对西南地区高陡边坡危岩体灾害调查的研究尚无报道。文章以锦屏二级水电站出线场边坡落石灾害所在区域为例,将无人机摄影测量技术应用于高陡边坡危岩体调查中,通过无人机倾斜摄影获取高分辨率遥感影像,开展遥感影像三维建模,进行地质灾害遥感解译,总结了无人机遥感系统在高陡边坡危岩体调查的技术流程。通过三维实景模型,精确地分析了落石灾害的空间分布、失稳模式及演化过程,查明了区域内危岩隐患点的分布特征;基于三维点云模型,提取出地质灾害体的属性信息,测得落石方量为11.7 m3,采用最小二乘法进行平面拟合,得到落石两组主控结构面产状为275.4°∠31.2°、103.5°∠63.3°。实践表明,无人机遥感技术在高陡边坡地区落石灾害调查中具有明显的可行性和优越性,可以较好地应用于高陡边坡危岩体调查中。 相似文献
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Accuracy assessment of InSAR derived input maps for landslide susceptibility analysis: a case study from the Swiss Alps 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years SAR interferometry has become a widely used technique for measuring altitude and displacement of the surface
of the earth. Both these capabilities are highly relevant for landslide susceptibility studies. Although there are many problems
that make the use of SAR interferometry less suitable for landslide inventory mapping, it’s use in landslide monitoring and
in the generation of input maps for landslide susceptibility assessment looks very promising. The present work attempts to
evaluate the usefulness and limitations of this technique based on a case study in the Swiss Alps. Input maps were generated
from ERS repeat pass data using SAR interferometry. A land cover map has been generated by image classification of multi-temporal
SAR intensity images. An InSAR DEM was generated and a number of maps were derived from it, such as slope-, aspect, altitude-
and slope form classes. These maps were used to generate landslide and rockfall susceptibility maps, which give fairly well
acceptable results. However, a comparison of the InSAR DEM with the conventional Swisstopo DEM, indicated significant errors
in the absolute height and slope angles derived from InSAR, especially along the ridges and in the valleys. These errors are
caused by low coherence mostly due to layover and shadow effects. Visual comparison of stereo images created from hillshading
maps and corresponding DEMs demonstrate that a considerable amount of topographic details have been lost in the InSAR-derived
DEM. It is concluded that InSAR derived input maps are not ideal for landslide susceptibility assessment, but could be used
if more accurate data is lacking. 相似文献
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成永刚 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(4):46-51
清(远)至连(州)公路是广东省粤西北山区第一条一级高等级公路。地质条件复杂,构造发育,路堑边坡高陡,建成通车后时有边坡变形破坏发生,对公路的正常营运造成了严重威胁。作者通过大量的现场调查研究,在地层岩性、地质构造、水的作用以及人为作用等因素基础上,将清-连公路边坡主要变形破坏类型划分为以下6类:坡面冲刷、崩塌、落石、坍塌、滑坡、表层溜坍、剥落。其中前4种灾害规模大、数量多,对公路运输威胁较大。并分别对不同边坡变形破坏的特征机理及其发展趋势进行了深入的分析研究,有针对性地提出了清-连公路边坡变形破坏防治的基本原则和减灾防灾策略,希望能对清-连一级公路顺利的实施升级改造有所帮助,以减轻或防止灾害造成的损失,确保公路的畅通和行车安全。 相似文献
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以穿越汶川震区的成兰铁路龙门山关键段为例, 探索提出了强震扰动背景下重大工程场区多尺度滑坡危险性评估方法。利用信息量模型反演评估了汶川地震诱发的同震滑坡空间分布特征, 以此为前提开展了区域和局地两种空间尺度的滑坡危险性预测评估。在区域廊带尺度上, 分别利用可能最大降雨量预测方法和信息量模型, 进行了日超越概率10%的最大降雨量时空分布预测及其诱发滑坡的危险性评估; 同时, 结合地震危险性区划成果, 开展了50年超越概率10%的基本地震动诱发滑坡的危险性评估。在局地场站尺度上, 利用基于崩塌运动过程模拟的Rockfall Analyst软件, 开展了柿子园大桥周边崩塌运动学特征(Runout)模拟和危险性评估。滑坡和崩塌危险性评估的结果分别为铁路规划选线和场站防护设计提供了不同尺度的地质安全依据。 相似文献
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汶川地震区映秀——卧龙公路边坡崩塌类型的赤平投影解法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震后,公路岩质边坡结构面发育,极易失稳形成崩塌。从发育的多组结构面中选取典型的结构面作为形成崩塌的控崩结构面,并通过对结构面所处边坡的工程地质条件分析得出控崩结构面的选取原则;考虑控崩结构面与边坡临空面的空间位置关系,运用赤平投影解法重点分析一组和两组控崩结构面与边坡临空面的图解关系;将震后公路边坡发生崩塌分为三种类型：滑移式、坠落式和倾倒式,结合边坡岩性、坡形、坡度、坡高等因素,得到了震后公路边坡崩塌三种类型的判据;将其应用到汶川地震后映秀—卧龙公路沿线边坡发育的典型崩塌中,得出的崩塌类型与实际相符。 相似文献
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三门峡市地质灾害发育特征与防治对策研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
文章着重论述了三门块市地震、地面变形、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀、地方病等主要地质灾害发育现状；分析它们发生和发展的地质环境背景。包括自然地理、地质地貌、构造、水文地质、工程地质条件，并对人类经济活动引起的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀发展趋势、地面变形等问题进行了预测。在此基础上，提出了对主要地质灾害采取的防治对策和建议。 相似文献