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1.
冲绳海槽位于西太平洋活动大陆边缘,是一个目前正处于弧后扩张作用早期的、年轻的弧后盆地,张性断裂发育,火山活动强烈.岩石类型分布和岩石地球化学特征表明冲绳海槽中部和南部的岩浆作用存在明显差异,但迄今为止人们对于导致该差异的原因尚不清楚.对已有的冲绳海槽玄武岩的资料进行了综合对比分析,并依据冲绳海槽岩浆岩的Pb同位素组成特征,指出冲绳海槽及其所在的沟弧盆体系之下的地幔属于印度洋型地幔,相对于海槽中部的玄武岩岩浆,海槽南部的玄武岩岩浆来自地幔更高程度的熔融;冲绳海槽玄武岩岩浆受到了俯冲板块物质加入的影响,且南部玄武岩岩浆受影响的程度要高于中部,这可能受控于俯冲板块的深度(南部:100~150 km;中部:约200 km);冲绳海槽玄武岩部分属于MORB型,这应是冲绳海槽早期扩张的重要特征和证据之一.在上述分析工作的基础上,提出了今后对冲绳海槽岩浆作用的研究应主要集中在以下几个方面:冲绳海槽基底岩石类型的甄别与分布;岩浆源区地幔的类型及特征;板块俯冲对冲绳海槽岩浆作用的贡献及制约机制;冲绳海槽岩浆作用与海底热液活动的内在联系等. 相似文献
2.
冲绳海槽是西太平洋沟-弧-盆体系中典型的弧后盆地。其独特的大地构造位置,岩浆、热液活动与沉积记录一直是学术界研究的热点。基于前人的研究成果,本文综述了冲绳海槽的构造活动对岩浆、热液与沉积的控制作用。菲律宾海板块的俯冲导致了冲绳海槽的形成,并发生了弧岩浆、弧后岩浆和斜切弧后岩浆作用,这三种岩浆作用导致了热液活动在平面分布上的三种不同分区。岩浆的发育和菲律宾海板块俯冲造成的断裂系统为冲绳海槽热液的发育分别提供了热源和通道。在~416 ka发生的浙闽隆起带沉降,导致了冲绳海槽北部的沉积物由粗变细。最后针对冲绳海槽的研究现状,文章对未来的进一步研究作了展望。 相似文献
3.
冲绳海槽中部热液活动区构造地球物理特征分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对冲绳海槽中部南奄西、伊平屋、伊士名三个现代海底热液活动区的地形、热流分布、地震、地磁场特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,海槽中部的热液活动区都集中于海槽的中央地堑中,或位于火山口的侧坡上,或位于地堑中山脊的侧坡上,热流值高而变化大,地震事件十分上频繁,地磁场曲线变化较大。这一系列特征说明现代海底热液活动区和目前的构造活动带吻合,热液活动和岩浆作用或浅成岩浆房密切相关。板块俯冲在海槽下诱生地幔物质上涌,上涌的地幔物质所携带的热量为热液活动提供了动力源,在海槽拉张过程中形成的断裂为热液流体提供了运移通道. 相似文献
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《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2000,18(3):325-341
Recent interpretation of seismic sections and free-air gravity anomalies in offshore northern Taiwan reveals that the southern Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone began to form in late Middle Miocene, though it was mainly constructed in the Late Pliocene with strong reverse faulting and folding. Two westward progradational sequences were deposited in the shelf basin with sediments supplied from the southern Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone and the southern Ryukyu Arc. These two structures are displaced by several northwest-striking dextral strike–slip faults that were active in the early Quaternary when the clockwise-rotated southern Ryukyu Arc and the folded southern Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone were broken. It is believed that recent extension in the southern Okinawa Trough started in the early Quaternary because uplift on the southern Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone continued to latest Pliocene–early Quaternary. Paleogene–Miocene sediments of the East China Sea Shelf in the western part of the southern Okinawa Trough Basin are interpreted to indicate that the East China Sea Shelf Basin extended to the east of the southern Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone. 相似文献
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Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the Okinawa Trough, SW of Japan: an overview 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Okinawa Trough is a heavily sedimented, rifted back-arc basin formed in an intracontinental rift zone. Submarine hydrothermal activity is located within the six back-arc rifts located in the middle and southern Okinawa Trough and its distribution is controlled principally by tectonic factors. Subduction of the Daito and Gagua Ridges beneath the Ryukyu Arc has resulted in fracturing of the brittle lithosphere beneath the Okinawa Trough. Hydrothermal activity is strongest in the volcanic arc-rift migration phenomenon (VAMP) area plus the JADE site and Southernmost Part of the Okinawa Trough (SPOT) area which form the prolongation of these two ridges. These areas are characterized by extremely high heat flow locally. Submarine hydrothermal fluids from the Okinawa Trough tend to be strongly influenced by interaction of the hydrothermal fluids with organic matter in the sediment resulting in high alkalinity and NH4+ concentrations of the fluids. The fluids also contain high concentrations of CO2 of magmatic origin. Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the trough is diverse. The CLAM site consists principally of carbonate chimneys. Interaction of the hydrothermal fluid with organic matter in the sediment is particularly strong at this site. This is most probably a sediment-hosted deposit in which sulphide minerals have deposited within the sediment column leaving ‘spent ore-fluids’ to emerge at the seafloor. The JADE site consists of active and inactive sulphide–sulphate chimneys and mounds. The Zn–Pb-rich sulphides at this site contain the highest concentrations of Pb, Ag and Au so far recorded in submarine hydrothermal sulphide deposits. At Minami-Ensei Knoll and Hatoma Knoll, active and inactive chimneys consist principally of anhydrite and barite as a result of phase separation of the hydrothermal fluids beneath the seafloor. An intense black smoker has recently been discovered at Yonaguni Knoll in the SPOT area. If it is confirmed that sulphide mineralization is dominant at this site, this could be a highly prospective area. The most prospective areas for economic-grade minerals in the Okinawa Trough appear to be the JADE site and the SPOT area. 相似文献
6.
冲绳海槽中部和南部玄武岩的区域性差异及其成因研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从岩石学和岩石化学角度出发 ,对冲绳海槽中部和南部玄武岩样品进行了对比研究。结果表明中部和南部玄武岩均系亚碱性玄武岩 ,其中前者兼具钙碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列两种性质 ,后者则主要属拉斑玄武岩系列。根据岩石化学特征命名 ,中部样品主体为石英拉斑玄武岩 ,南部样品则为橄榄拉斑玄武岩。两区海槽玄武岩岩浆均由下伏地幔岩部分熔融而成 ,但源区地幔性质不均一 ,岩浆演化程度各异。中部样品源区地幔性质为过渡型 ,结晶分异程度较高 ;南部样品源于近亏损或富集型的地幔 ,结晶分异程度较弱 ;另外两区玄武岩样品均受到了不同程度的陆壳物质混染。中、南部海槽玄武岩在岩石学、岩石化学方面的差异与源区地幔性质不均一和岩浆演化程度各异有直接关系。海槽玄武岩构造环境属于过渡洋中脊玄武岩 (张性 )与岛弧玄武岩 (压性 )之间 ,代表的仍是海槽早期的岩浆活动。 相似文献
7.
Mercury Anomaly in the Okinawa Trough Sediments—An Indicator of Modern Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Okinawa Trough is located between the shelf-sea area of the East China Sea and the deep-sea area of western Pacific Ocean.
More than 60 chemical elements in the sediments from the shelf area of the East China Sea, the Okinawa Trough and western
Pacific Ocean were determined by advanced techniques including neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,
atomic fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Quantitative comparisons of the element abundances of
the sediments were made in terms of the enrichment coefficients (K) of the elements.K > 1.5 indicates enrichment (K = 1.5–2, weak enrichment; K = 2–4, strong enrichment) andK > 4, anomalous enrichment. The results show that the Okinawa Trough sediments are characterized by Hg anomaly and the enrichment
of such elements as Au, Ag, Se, Te, Sb, Cd, Mn, Mo, etc. Detailed studies show that the excess Hg comes from hydrothermal
solutions rather than from the continent, sea water, marine organisms, cosmic dust or volcanic rocks. Attributed to modern
hydrothermal activities on the sea floor, Hg anomaly can be used as a geochemical indicator of modern seafloor hydrothermal
activity.
This project was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
8.
现代海底热液活动往往与岩浆作用相伴生.传统的热液系统循环模式认为:海水沿裂隙（通道）下渗,被加热并与围岩发生水岩反应,萃取岩石中的金属元素,形成热液流体并上涌喷出海底,沉积生成多金属硫化物矿体.这一模式合理地解释了构成现代海底热液系统的3个基本要素:流体、通道和热源,与我们现今条件下所观察到的许多事实相吻合.然而,基岩渗透率、热液流体性质、热液生态系统和热液产物上的差异表明现代海底热液活动系统可能存在另一种注入式循环模式,即热液流体来自深部岩浆房流体和挥发性组分的直接注入.据此提出现代海底热液活动系统可能存在两种模式:一种是浅层循环模式,即传统的热液循环模式;另一种是岩浆后期热液注入模式（简称"注入模式"）.在岩浆作用强烈和构造裂隙发育的环境中,两种模式可能同时存在,形成双扩散对流循环模式.双扩散对流循环模式可以很好地解释现代海底热液活动研究中近期所发现的多种现象和事实.对弧后盆地而言,在研究其岩浆作用与热液活动时,还要考虑板块俯冲的构造背景和俯冲组分及陆壳组分加入等因素,同时构建了适用于弧后盆地海底热液活动系统的理论模型. 相似文献
9.
Tectonically active Vindhyan intracratonic basin situated in central India, forms one of the largest Proterozoic sedimentary basins of the world. Possibility of hydrocarbon occurrences in thick sediments of the southern part of this basin, has led to surge in geological and geophysical investigations by various agencies. An attempt to synthesize such multiparametric data in an integrated manner, has provided a new understanding to the prevailing crustal configuration, thermal regime and nature of its geodynamic evolution. Apparently, this region has been subjected to sustained uplift, erosion and magmatism followed by crustal extension, rifting and subsidence due to episodic thermal interaction of the crust with the hot underlying mantle. Almost 5–6 km thick sedimentation took place in the deep faulted Jabera Basin, either directly over the Bijawar/Mahakoshal group of mafic rocks or high velocity-high density exhumed middle part of the crust. Detailed gravity observations indicate further extension of the basin probably beyond NSL rift in the south. A high heat flow of about 78 mW/m2 has also been estimated for this basin, which is characterized by extremely high Moho temperatures (exceeding 1000 °C) and mantle heat flow (56 mW/m2) besides a very thin lithospheric lid of only about 50 km. Many areas of this terrain are thickly underplated by infused magmas and from some segments, granitic–gneissic upper crust has either been completely eroded or now only a thin veneer of such rocks exists due to sustained exhumation of deep seated rocks. A 5–8 km thick retrogressed metasomatized zone, with significantly reduced velocities, has also been identified around mid to lower crustal transition. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽是欧亚板块内大陆地壳的扩张作用所形成的一个弧后盆地。以弹性学原理和库仑—莫尔准则为基础,应用二维(2D)有限单元法模拟大陆岩石圈上部的构造应力场和断层发育状况。模型中使用两种位移边界条件,并采用平面应变条件进行计算。扩张位移边界条件加载于冲绳海槽内大陆地壳的底部,俯冲位移边界条件加载于菲律宾海板块的俯冲带。数学模拟的结果表明,大陆地壳底部的扩张作用使得冲绳海槽内发育正断层,最后导致冲绳海槽这一弧后盆地的形成。菲律宾海板块的俯冲作用引起欧亚板块付加体中形成逆掩断层。 相似文献
12.
冲绳海槽海底沉积物汞异常──现代海底热水效应的“指示剂” 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
基于６０余种化学元素丰度的比较，发现冲绳海槽海底存在汞异常，论证了“过剩汞”系源自海底热水，指出汞异常可作为现代海底热水效应的一个地球化学指示剂。 相似文献
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Southern Okinawa Trough represents an early stage of back-arc rifting and is characterized by normal faulting and microearthquakes. Earthquake distribution and deep structure of fault was investigated to clarify active rifting in the southern Okinawa Trough, where two parallel grabens are located. A network of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) that displayed the hypocenters of 105 earthquakes were observed for a period of 4 days in southern-graben (SG). Most of the microearthquakes occurred in a cluster about 7 km wide, which on a cross-section striking N45°E dips 48° to the southwest. Relocated hypocenters, which are recorded by a local seismic network, show scattered distribution around the southern-graben. There are no remarkable surface faults in the southern-graben. On the other hand, the recalculation of hypocenter locations of 1996 earthquakes swarm recorded by a local seismic network suggests that the swarm is associated with normal faulting on the southern side of northern-graben (NG). Thus, the undeveloped southern-graben is located to the south of the developed northern-graben. Southward migration of rifting, which may be caused by migration of volcanism, could thus be occurring in the southern Okinawa Trough. The extension rate computed for the southern Okinawa Trough from the fault model of the northern-graben is 4.6 cm/year, which is 59–102% of the extension rate (GPS measurements). This result indicates that the majority of extensional deformation is concentrated within the center of the northern-graben in the Okinawa Trough. 相似文献
16.
中国近海天然气水合物的研究进展 总被引：40，自引：1，他引：40
南海、东海具有形成天然气水合物的良好动力学环境和丰富的烃类气体来源。根据卫星对海面增温异常的观测、底水气体地球化学、标志矿物和流体组成的研究表明 ,南海、东海海底存在强烈的烃流体活动和排气作用 ;南海南北陆坡区海底气体主要由CH4组成 ,前者多为微生物成因气 ,后者多为热解气 ;冲绳海槽热液沉积区的气体 ,主要为CO2 (86 % ) ,其次为CH4、H2 、H2 S(14 % ) ,分别来自岩浆流体及陆源有机质的降解 ,也属热解成因气。地震地球物理的研究主要集中于南海东北部、北部、南部陆坡区和冲绳海槽中南部 ,测线长度还很有限 ,虽然都有BSR标志的发现 ,但质量比较好 ,研究程度也比较高的还只有南海东北部主动陆缘和北部被动陆缘的一些海域。通过沉积物烃含量和热释光的研究 ,南海、东海共获得 6个地球化学异常区。在综合对比物化探、地热等项资料的基础上初步认为 :笔架南 (Ⅰ )、台西南—东沙 (Ⅱ )异常区是寻找水合物的最佳远景区 ;琼东南—西沙海槽(Ⅲ )、中建南—中业北 (Ⅳ )和冲绳海槽南部异常区是寻找水合物和常规油气藏的有利地区 ,但Ⅳ区更有利于寻找油气 ,其余 2区更有利于寻找水合物 ;南沙海域的研究程度总体上比较低 ,但在其中的南沙海槽 ,物化探异常标志均优 ,甲烷含量较其它地区高 2个数量级 相似文献
17.
龙旂热液区与断桥热液区分别是西南印度洋中脊典型的活动与非活动热液区。为研究两区内表层沉积物地球化学特征,对共59件表层沉积物进行了元素地球化学测试,对其进行物质组分、富集系数与R型聚类等分析。结果表明:两区内普遍含较高的Ca、Sr、Ba等生源元素和Fe、Mg、Si、Al等围岩元素,而构造、围岩和热液活动等因素的不同,使两区沉积物的元素地球化学特征存在差异。龙旂区沉积物出现了源于超基性围岩的组分并体现在元素聚类组合中,其沉积物中热液富集相关元素Cu、Zn、Fe和Co等。断桥区更高的生源元素含量可能指示其热液活动停止后,主要受生物沉积作用的影响,该区热液相关元素与基性围岩联系紧密,表现出Pb与W的明显富集。 相似文献
18.
博罗—大亚湾断陷区位于广东省惠州市西南部,处在我国东南沿海构造活动带,自新生代以来,受太平洋板块和欧亚大陆板块俯冲作用的影响,洋陆系统相互作用导致构造活动活跃,岩浆侵入、火山喷发频繁,地震活动强烈,地表热流值较全国而言比较高,沿着北西走向的博罗—大亚湾线性断陷系统内发育厚层的陆相碎屑沉积,众多的高温热泉出露在裂陷边界,显示出良好的地热资源潜力。通过研究分析深部重磁电震等地球物理资料,发现区域内不仅拥有丰富的浅层次水热型地热热源,深部层位可能存在优质的干热岩储层,初步推断其热源来自新生代南海地幔底辟作用,其导致壳幔物质非均匀流动,在陆壳地区底部发生熔融,向浅部不断传导形成线性热隆伸展构造,控制着整个断陷内的地热系统。 相似文献
19.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):354-363
Due to the extremely complex geological conditions in the Bohai Strait, active faults is very developed and earthquake activity occurs frequently. It is of great importance to evaluate the regional crustal stability for the planning and construction of the Trans-straits Passage. In this study, the authors carry out the evaluation by means of buffer analysis, topology analysis and overlay analysis based on ArcGIS software. The evaluation mainly analyzed six assessment factors of Bohai Strait including neotectonic activity, active faults distribution, seismicity, tectonic stress fields, Bouguer gravity anomaly and geological disasters. In brief, the crustal stability of the eastern North Yellow Sea Basin is best, while that of the Bohai Basin and southwest Bohai Strait is poor. Meanwhile, small and frequent earthquakes in the southern Strait and geological disasters developed in the northern and central Strait such as tidal ridge and shallow gas which may adversely impact on the Trans-straits Passage construction. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2000,30(1):63-78
Gravity data were integrated with seismic refraction/reflection data, well data and geological investigations to determine a general crustal structure of Tunisia. The gravity data analysis included the construction of a complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map, residual gravity anomaly maps, horizontal gravity gradient maps and a 2.5-D gravity model. Residual gravity anomaly maps illustrate crustal anomalies associated with various structural domains within Tunisia including the Sahel Block, Saharian Flexure, Erg Oriental Basin, Algerian Anticlinorium, Gafsa Trough, Tunisian Trough, Kasserine Platform and the Tell Mountains. Gravity anomalies associated with these features are interpreted to be caused either by thickening or thinning of Palæozoic and younger sediments or by crustal thinning. Analysis of the residual gravity anomaly and horizontal gravity gradient maps also determined a number of anomalies that may be associated with previously unknown structures. A north-south trending gravity model in general indicated similar subsurface bodies as a coincident seismic model. However, thinner Mesozoic sediments within the Tunisian Trough, thinner Palæozoic sediments in the Gafsa Trough, and a greater offset on the Saharian Flexure were required by the gravity data. Additionally, basement uplifts under the Kasserine Platform and Gafsa Trough, not imaged by seismic data, were required by the gravity data. The gravity model revealed two previously unknown basins north and south of the Algerian Anticlinorium (5 km), while the Erg Oriental Basin is composed of at least two sub-basins, each with a depth of 5 km. 相似文献