共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
深入探究孔隙尺度下的流体流动特性和溶质运移规律对石油开采、农田养分管理、地下水污染修复有着重要意义。以人工构建的多孔介质结构和同步辐射X射线显微CT扫描的土壤团聚体(分辨率3.7μm)为研究对象,在空间节点数多达64 000 000的情况下,基于格子Boltzmann模型和GPU并行技术计算得到多孔介质流体运动和溶质运移过程的关键参数,并据此探究多孔介质空间异质性对水力学特性的影响。通过对3组不同结构的多孔介质比较发现,结构复杂程度最高的土壤样品和不规则堆叠的圆球结构的渗透率在100 mD(即10^-13m^2)量级,远低于规则堆叠的圆球结构(>20 000 mD);土壤的迂曲度为1.40~1.60,明显高于规则堆叠的圆球结构。研究结果表明,渗透率大的样品具有较小的迂曲度,这与结构的空间异质性有较强的关系;土壤的渗透率和迂曲度呈现各向异性;在水力梯度一定的前提下,渗透率较大的样品,纵向弥散系数也较大;同时,结构的异质性也会影响溶质的穿透曲线。本研究提出的模拟方法可在土壤结构中进行高效的水流运动和溶质运移模拟,可用于土壤多孔介质在孔隙尺度下的水力学特性研究。 相似文献
2.
非常规油气资源的孔隙结构及其连通性非常复杂,其孔隙尺度从毫米到纳米跨越多个量级.多孔介质中气体的输运过程不仅依赖于介质的多尺度微观结构特征,还依赖于气体的相关属性.气体在多尺度多孔介质中的输运过程包括无滑流、滑脱流和过渡流,涉及分子扩散和努森扩散等多种机制,因此很难用唯一的连续介质理论来描述气体的输运特征.大量的数据表明真实多孔介质中的内部孔隙具有分形标度特征,因此采用分形几何表征多尺度多孔介质的孔隙结构,引入孔隙分形维数和迂曲度分形维数定量表征多孔介质的微结构和弯曲流道,建立多尺度多孔介质气体输运过程的细观模型;推导了多尺度多孔介质中气体的有效渗透率和有效扩散系数,并讨论了多尺度多孔介质微结构参数和气体属性对于气体等效输运特性的定量影响.该研究不仅可以丰富渗流理论,且有利于深入理解非常规油气藏的产出机制. 相似文献
3.
松散砂粒孔隙结构、孔隙分形特征及渗透率研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
多孔介质孔隙结构特征是决定流体微观运移机制的重要方面。文章用环氧树脂固结松散石英砂磨制出二维多孔介质薄片,并用孔隙结构图像处理方法提取出孔隙结构参数信息;根据孔隙结构参数,建立描述孔隙结构的分形几何模型,分析松散地层孔隙结构的分形特征;进行多孔介质渗透率的实验测量和分形计算。结果表明:多孔介质的孔隙率和孔径与粒径之间存在线性相关性,拟合度分别达到-0.976 5和0.996 6;在方格边长ε和含有孔隙的格子总数N(ε)的双对数坐标系中,lnε-lnN(ε)数据点近似成直线,且不同样品的孔隙分布分维数值比较接近;而在孔径r与大于该孔径的孔隙总数N(r)的双对数坐标系中,lnr-lnN(r)的数据点必须进行分段回归分析,以便能更好地反映孔隙结构的实际情况;孔隙分布分维数和孔径分维数与粒径也存在较高的对应关系;中砂渗透率的实验测得值是5.19×10-5mm2,孔径分维数分段回归法计算的大孔隙多孔介质渗透率为5.75×10-5mm2,测量值与计算值较为接近,孔径分维数可以计算多孔介质的渗透率。 相似文献
4.
多孔介质渗透系数的空间尺度效应研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
多孔介质渗透系数的空间尺度问题是一个与地下流体运动和溶质运移的数值模拟密切相关的应用性课题,广泛的应用需求和新的计算方法使其成为近年的热门课题之一。它涉及到相互联系的两个方面：①非均质介质场渗透系数空间尺度行为的分析与模拟;②将局部测量尺度下的试验参数转化为数值模拟网格尺度下的参数输入值的升尺度（ｕｐｓｃａｌｉｎｇ）方法和计算模型。首先介绍了该课题在概念上的拓展及其物理含义,进而以方法为主线,对这一领域具有代表性的研究成果进行了分类和评述,讨论了该课题的研究对地下水流和溶质运移的模拟分析乃至整个多孔介质流体运动研究的意义。 相似文献
5.
水力传导度是描述孔隙介质物理特性的重要参数,水力传导度的空间变异性直接影响到水分与溶质在介质中的运移状况。由于基于随机理论的方法难于描述具有多重变异尺度的水力传导度的空间变异性,使得基于分形理论的方法得到了较快发展和应用。详细介绍并评述了分形理论和方法的基本特征及研究进展,水力传导度的空间变异分形与弥散尺度效应的关系及其对溶质运移的影响。 相似文献
6.
为深入探究含水层中多孔介质的不规则形态和分布对于地下水流场及溶质运移的作用,根据沉积环境中已被发现的倾斜交叉分层地质单元结构,人为构造多孔介质双层交叉鱼骨结构,使其形成宏观各向异性水力传导特征,通过数值模拟研究该结构及其空间位置对于流场和溶质运移的影响。研究发现:宏观各向异性多孔介质引发了螺旋状流动,导致流线的拉伸和折叠,使得溶质羽发生不规则变形,显著提升了非反应性溶质的稀释程度;宏观各向异性结构和溶质羽在三维空间中的垂向相对位置对于溶质运移具有显著影响。 相似文献
7.
以模拟农田尺度降雨入渗—重分布条件下阿特拉津(atrazine)在非饱和土壤中的淋溶动态为数值算例,通过在北京东郊的一块27m×27m的农田采集100个土壤样品,测定其主要理化性质,间接计算获得各土壤样品的van Genuchten型水力学参数、溶质运移的弥散度及atrazine在土壤中吸附的分配系数,进而基于柱模型假设,运用HY DRUS 1D软件得到不同时刻采样区内土壤水负压和atrazine浓度的平均分布。在此基础上,重点探讨了应用幂平均算法计算不同的等价有效参数对农田尺度下土壤水负压和atrazine浓度平均分布的数值模拟精度的影响。就所设计的降雨入渗—重分布条件下atrazine淋溶的算例而言,土壤水力学参数、溶质运移参数和吸附特性参数取几何平均或调和平均作为有效参数值,空间平面上呈正态分布的土壤水负压的初值采用算术平均值作为流场模拟的初始条件,可以获得满意的数值模拟结果。 相似文献
8.
土壤大孔隙结构对土壤中水流及溶质运移以及地下水环境有着深刻影响。确定土壤大孔隙结构，可以很好地理解和预测水及溶质在有大孔隙土壤中的运移，保护地下水环境。由于土壤大孔隙的分布呈现分形规律，因此可以采用分形理论研究土壤大孔隙结构。根据CT对原状土柱各断面的扫描图像，得到了各断面土壤大孔隙的分形维数，为进一步研究土壤大孔隙的水力性质奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
探讨了将蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法应用于多尺度非均质含水层中溶质运移模拟的方法。所研究的含水层由两种具有不同渗透系数统计特征的多孔介质所组成,每一种多孔介质是非均质的,且其渗透系数场符合平稳假设,而整个模拟区的渗透系数是非平稳的。Monte Carlo方法要求参数是平稳的,因此,分别对两种多孔介质产生若干随机渗透系数场后,用两种方法进行组合,并进行溶质运移的模拟计算。通过对计算结果的分析,综合考虑计算精度、计算时间等因素,得出了处理多尺度非均质多孔介质中溶质运移问题的较好方法。 相似文献
10.
渗透率空间变异性对重非水相流体运移的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中针对多孔介质中水、气和非水相流体的多相流运移特点,建立了由包气带至饱和带的 NAPLs- 水 - 气三相流模
型。用 Karhunen-Loeve 展开方法构建 4 个空间变异性不同的渗透率随机场。在此基础上,分别模拟 4 种情景重非水相流体 (DNAPLs)的泄漏运移过程。通过分析 DNAPLs 饱和度的空间分布以及其空间矩随时间的变化来探讨渗透率空间变异性对 DNAPLs 运移的影响。结果显示,随着渗透率空间变异性的增强,DNAPLs 饱和度的空间变异性增大。渗透率场中的优势通 道对 DNAPLs 运移有着显著影响,直接决定 DNAPLs 的运移路径和饱和度分布。渗透率场的各向异性降低了 DNAPLs 在垂向
上的运移速度,影响污染羽的形态。 相似文献
11.
There are many expressions proposed for the permeability of isotropic media based on flow channel and pore size distribution concepts, but there are no such expressions for anisotropic media. In this paper an expression for the permeability of an anisotropic medium is proposed, which has been verified in the laboratory. The mechanism behind fluid flow through soil was investigated using microscopic computer simulations to propose an expression for macroscopic permeability. The soil was assumed to be a spatially periodic porous medium, and the Navier-Stokes equation was solved using the FEM with appropriate boundary conditions for several different arrangements of the porous medium. The basic variables influencing flow through soil at the microscopic level were identified as specific surface area, void ratio, particle shape, material heterogeneity and the arrangement of particles in a porous medium. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to obtain an expression for the permeability in terms of the above variables. The corresponding macroscopic variables for the above microscopic variables are average specific surface area, average void ratio, anisotropy, tortuosity due to material heterogeneity, and the arrangement of particles respectively. An expression for the directional permeability is proposed in terms of these variables for the most common occurrence of particles in a porous medium. For the verification of the proposed equation, the permeability values of a fine-grained sand were measured at different void ratios and were compared with those predicted by the proposed equation. The results show that the predicted permeability values from the proposed equation are very close to the measured values. 相似文献
12.
Influence of temporal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity on pollution transport in porous media 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The combined influence of temporal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity on non-reactive solute transport mechanisms in porous media can be understood by performing simulations of steady and unsteady flow and transport in heterogeneous media. The study focuses on issues such as the degree of heterogeneity, correlation length, separation of the combined effects of temporal and spatial variations, and ergodicity conditions under unsteady flow conditions. It is shown that the effect of temporal variations on solute transport is masked by the strong effect of spatial heterogeneity. There is no obvious difference in plume shape between steady and unsteady flow conditions; the first and the second spatial moments of the plume of the unsteady-state flow condition fluctuate around the steady-state flow condition with the same period of oscillations as the input signal at small storage coefficient (S????0.001). At a relatively high standard deviation in hydraulic conductivity and a small storage coefficient, the unsteady flow condition sharpens the temporal variations in macrodispersion coefficients. The magnitude of the longitudinal macrodispersion coefficient under unsteady flow condition is almost doubled at the maximum values. However, the transverse macrodispersion coefficient fluctuates around zero. The Kubo number and Peclet number ranges are 1.2?C64 and 10?C250, respectively. 相似文献
13.
依据分形理论和方法,探索溶质在多孔介质中的有效扩散系数的替代预测方法。在多孔介质溶质扩散的弯曲毛细管束模型的基础上,以分形维数作为介质的基本几何特性参数,建立了多孔介质中溶质扩散的分形毛细管束模型,推导出了溶质有效扩散系数与介质孔隙度之间的幂定律关系式,幂指数是介质孔隙分维和表面分维的函数,反映了介质孔隙体积的层次分布与孔隙通道曲折程度对扩散的影响。对粘性土的分形维数测定数据和有效扩散系数试验测定数据的分析表明,利用该关系式预测多孔介质中溶质的有效扩散系数是较为准确可靠的。 相似文献
14.
The use of laboratory experiments for the study of conservative solute transport in heterogeneous porous media 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Laboratory experiments on heterogeneous porous media (otherwise known as intermediate scale experiments, or ISEs) have been
increasingly relied upon by hydrogeologists for the study of saturated and unsaturated groundwater systems. Among the many
ongoing applications of ISEs is the study of fluid flow and the transport of conservative solutes in correlated permeability
fields. Recent advances in ISE design have provided the capability of creating correlated permeability fields in the laboratory.
This capability is important in the application of ISEs for the assessment of recent stochastic theories. In addition, pressure-transducer
technology and visualization methods have provided the potential for ISEs to be used in characterizing the spatial distributions
of both hydraulic head and local water velocity within correlated permeability fields. Finally, various methods are available
for characterizing temporal variations in the spatial distribution (and, thereby, the spatial moments) of solute concentrations
within ISEs. It is concluded, therefore, that recent developments in experimental techniques have provided an opportunity
to use ISEs as important tools in the continuing study of fluid flow and the transport of conservative solutes in heterogeneous,
saturated porous media.
Received, December 1996 · Revised, July 1997 · Accepted, August 1997 相似文献
15.
A Fully Coupled Chemo-Poroelastic Analysis of Pore Pressure and Stress Distribution around a Wellbore in Water Active Rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water active rocks consist of minerals that hold water in their crystalline structure and in pore spaces. Free water from
drilling fluid can be attracted by the formation depending on the potential differences between pore space and drilling fluid.
The fluid movement into the formation or out of the formation can lead to a change in effective stress, thus causing wellbore
failures. In all previous studies it is found that the solute transport from or to the formation is primarily controlled by
diffusion process and the effect of advection on solute transfer is negligible for a range of very low permeable shale formations
(>10−5 mD). In this study a range of permeable shale formations (10−5 to 10−3 mD) commonly encountered in drilling oil and gas wells are considered to investigate the solute transfer between drilling
fluid and formation due to advection. For this purpose a finite element model of fully coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical processes
was developed. Results of this study revealed that the solute transfer between the drilling fluid and the shale formation
is controlled primarily by permeability of the shale formations. For the range of shale formations studied here, there exists
a threshold permeability below which the solute transfer is dominated by diffusion process and above which by fluid in motion
(fluid flow). Results from the numerical experiments have shown that when the permeability of shales is greater than this
threshold permeability, the chemical potential gradient between the pore fluid and drilling fluid reaches equilibrium faster
than that when the permeability of shales is below this threshold value. Also it has been found that when advection is taken
into account, effective radial and tangential stresses decrease around the wellbore, particularly near the wellbore wall where
the solute concentration has reached near equilibrium. 相似文献
16.
由双重孔隙-裂隙介质热-水-应力耦合模型退化为单一孔隙介质模型,将其与岩体扩容梯度引入笔者所研制的二维有限元程序中,使用Mohr-Coulomb准则,计入塑性扩容对岩体孔隙率及渗透系数的影响,针对一个假设的实验室尺度且位于饱和孔隙介质岩体中的高放废物地质处置库模型,拟定不同扩容梯度值的5种工况,进行4年处置时段的数值模拟,考察了岩体中的温度、正应力、塑性区、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力和地下水流速的变化、分布情况。结果主要显示,相比于不考虑扩容梯度的工况,考虑扩容梯度工况的正应力、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力和地下水流速等的分布与塑性区的分布有明显的对应关系,呈现了某种"剪切带效应";正应力量值、塑性区面积、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力、地下水流速等均随所取扩容梯度值的变大而增加。 相似文献
17.
在自主研制的孔隙介质热-水-应力耦合有限元程序中引入Taron等提出的颗粒聚集体的压力溶解模型,针对一个假设的实验室尺度且位于非饱和石英颗粒聚集岩体中的高放废物地质处置模型,拟定两种计算工况：（1）孔隙率和渗透系数是压力溶解的函数;（2）孔隙率和渗透系数均为常数,进行4 a处置时段的数值模拟,考察了岩体中的温度、颗粒界面水膜及孔隙中的溶质浓度、迁移和沉淀质量、孔隙率及渗透系数、孔隙水压力、地下水流速和应力的变化、分布情况。研究结果表明：工况1计算终了时,压力溶解使得孔隙率和渗透系数分别下降到初始值的43%～54%、4.4%～9.1%。在核废料释热温度场的作用下,工况1、2中的负孔隙水压力分别为初始值的1.00～1.25倍、1.00～1.10倍,前者表现了压力溶解的明显影响;两种工况的岩体中的应力量值及分布基本相同。 相似文献