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1.
目前针对海相富有机质页岩纹层对储层品质的影响方面尚未开展深入研究.通过钻井岩心、薄片鉴定、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、核磁孔隙结构和扫描电镜矿物定量评价（QEMSCAN）等测试分析,将川东焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段页岩纹层按矿物组分划分为硅质纹层、钙质纹层和粘土质纹层3类,并识别出水平纹层、杂积纹层、粒序纹层、侵蚀交错纹层和楔状交错纹层5类页岩纹层沉积构造.结合纹层发育密度和最大纹层厚度,划分出3个纹层发育段,每一段又细分为弱发育段和强发育段.综合纹层发育特征和页岩储层物性参数可知:纹层强发育段其总有机碳含量和有机质孔隙均相对减少,而无机质孔隙相对发育,纹层发育影响了页岩孔隙类型和孔径占比的分布. 相似文献
2.
纹层结构研究对页岩系统储层有效性评价具有重要意义。以四川盆地海相志留系龙马溪组页岩为例,综合利用成像测井、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、孔隙度测定、氮气吸附及含气量测试等方法,明确了龙马溪组不同尺度纹层结构特征,评价了不同纹层结构储集性能的差异。龙马溪组发育水平等厚纹层结构—中粗纹层组合、水平—小型波状纹层结构—中粗纹层组合、水平不等厚纹层结构—薄纹层组合及块状无纹层组合;纹层成分主要为包括石英、碳酸盐、有机质与黏土矿物的三类组合,碳酸盐纹层的有机质孔隙和无机质孔隙相对发育;纹层状页岩与块状泥岩在孔隙类型、孔隙体积、有机质丰度及含气量等方面具有明显差异。总体来看,中粗纹层组合页岩储层性质优于薄纹层组合页岩优于块状泥岩,是龙马溪组优先勘探的目标。下一步研究应重点加强纹层结构形成的水动力学背景、对有机质富集及储层可改造性等方面的影响。相关认识可为深化四川盆地龙马溪组有利储层优选与评价提供重要的参考和技术支持。 相似文献
3.
柴北缘东段石炭系克鲁克组为一套海陆过渡相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混合沉积,其中泥页岩较为发育。通过野外剖面踏勘和实测对克鲁克组泥页岩纵向发育特征进行了研究,发现克鲁克组一段泥页岩累计厚度为60 m,泥地比达92.6%,是泥页岩发育最好的层段。通过精细岩心观察描述、全岩X射线衍射分析、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察及物性分析等,对泥页岩矿物组成、岩相、储集空间类型及物性特征进行了研究,结果表明,泥页岩矿物组成以石英和黏土矿物为主;黑色纹层状泥质中粉砂岩相、灰黑色条带状泥质粗粉砂岩相、灰黑色条带状含灰灰质泥质粗粉砂岩相和黑色纹层状含生物碎屑泥质中粉砂岩相为主要的岩相类型;储集空间主要发育顺层裂缝、溶蚀孔隙、黏土矿物晶间孔、有机质粒内孔隙及生物碎屑粒内孔;孔隙度在1%~3%,渗透率分布在0.01~1 mD。储层的发育主要受沉积环境、矿物组成和成岩作用的影响,黑色纹层状泥质中粉砂岩相和灰黑色条带状泥质粗粉砂岩相由于沉积厚度大、碳酸盐胶结作用弱、脆性指数较高、储集性能良好,有利于泥页岩储层的发育。 相似文献
4.
一种适用于微体古生物沉积动力分析的沉积物粒径指数及其应用例证 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
微体古生物的沉积动力分析可提取出比单纯的微体古生物分析更多更准的古沉积环境信息。本文提出一种称为“沉积物粒径指数（ｇｓｉ）”的半定量参数，适用于微体古生物的沉积动力学分析研究。长江口及苏北辐射沙洲区的有孔虫分析实例表明这种沉积物粒径指数行之有效。 相似文献
5.
为揭示陆相页岩微观孔隙结构特征,应用低温氮气吸附-解吸实验,结合扫描电镜分析、有机碳测定及X射线衍射等手段,分析页岩有机质和矿物组成,厘清孔隙结构和分形特征,并探究其影响因素。结果表明:沙河子组陆相页岩矿物组成以黏土矿物、石英和长石为主。储集空间类型主要为黏土矿物粒内孔、长石溶蚀孔和颗粒边缘孔,有机孔隙不发育。氮吸附曲线主要呈现为Ⅳ类吸附曲线,发育H2和H3两类迟滞回线,其中H3型比表面积较低,平均孔径较大,宏孔含量较高。页岩孔体积主要由介孔和宏孔贡献,比表面积主要由介孔贡献。孔径分布呈现双峰态,左峰约为2.7 nm,右峰分布在20~70 nm。页岩发育两段分形特征,分形维数显示H3型页岩孔隙结构非均质性及复杂性较弱。孔隙结构主要受矿物组成控制,与TOC无明显相关性,微孔含量与比表面积越高,宏孔含量与平均孔径越高,页岩孔隙结构越复杂,越不利于页岩气的运移及产出。陆相页岩因沉积环境控制下赋存的腐殖型有机质,从本质上影响了其孔隙空间、孔隙结构及页岩气富集特征,与海相页岩区别显著。 相似文献
6.
A physical model for the transport and sorting of fine-grained sediment by turbidity currents 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Turbidite muds in cores from the outer Scotian continental margin, off eastern Canada, contain abundant thin silt laminae. Graded laminated units are recognized in parts of this sequence. These represent single depositional events, and show a regular decrease in modal grain size and thickness of the silt laminae through the unit. A similar fining trend is shown by both silt and mud layers over hundreds of kilometres downslope. Textural analysis of individual laminae allows the construction of a dynamically consistent physical model for transport and sorting in muddy turbidity currents. Hydraulic sorting aggregates finer material to the top and tail regions of a large turbidity flow which then overspills its channel banks. Downslope lateral sorting occurs with preferential deposition of coarser silt grains and larger mud flocs. Depositional sorting by increased shear in the boundary layer separates clay flocs from silt grains and results in a regular mud/silt lamination. Estimates can be made of the physical parameters of the turbidity flows involved. They are a minimum of several hundreds of metres thick, have low concentrations (of the order of 10?3 or 2500 mg 1?1), and move downslope at velocities of 10-20 cm s?1. A 5 mm thick, coarse silt lamina takes about 10 h to deposit, and the subsequent mud layer ‘blankets’ very rapidly over this. A complete unit is deposited in 2-6 days which is the time it takes for the turbidity flow to pass a particular point. These thick, dilute, low-velocity flows are significantly different from the ‘classical’ turbidity current. However, there is mounting evidence in support of the new concept from laboratory observations and direct field measurements. 相似文献
7.
海岸现代风成砂粒度参数特征的研究--以中国温带海岸为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
现代海岸风成砂的粒度特征是海岸风沙研究的重要问题,本文以我国温带海岸为研究区域,利用 136个现代海岸风成砂样数据,通过粒度组成、平均粒径、标准偏差和偏差、峰态等粒度参数分析了其粒度特征。结果表明,我国温带海岸的现代风成砂并非过去认为的几乎全由分选很好的细砂组成,是以正偏为主,粒度参数的地域差异明显,并随沙丘类型、规模及距海岸线的远近不同等而变化。与海滩砂比较,风成砂具有普遍含有粉沙、略细、多正偏、峰态偏窄等特点,但利用粒度参数散点图和因子分析法二者均无法区分。我国温带海岸现代海岸风成砂粒度参数的上述特征与其特有的发育条件和演化过程密切相关,其中主要与季风气候特征显著、形成时间短、风力作用时间有限以及风沙活动空间狭小并受到水力与重力作用的干扰等有关。 相似文献
8.
济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王冠民 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):666-671,680
在济阳坳陷古近系中发育大量湖相页岩及纹层状的碳酸盐岩,页岩类型多样。通过对300多块页岩薄片的显微镜下观察分析表明,这些湖相页岩和纹层状碳酸盐岩均由3种基本纹层构成:富有机质纹层(即富含有机质的黏土矿物纹层)、隐晶碳酸盐纹层和黏土纹层。按纹层组合和比例的不同,可将页岩和纹层状碳酸盐岩系统地划分为黑页岩、钙质纹层页岩、富有机质纹层页岩、泥页岩、钙质页岩、纹层状泥灰岩和纹层状灰岩等7种类型,并尝试提出利用纹层组分划分页岩类型的三角形成因分类方案。由于不同纹层形成的古湖泊条件不同,该分类方案不仅能够反映各种页岩的纹层组成,同时也可反映页岩的成因。 相似文献
9.
Charles E. Weaver 《Sedimentary Geology》1980,27(4):301-313
Fine-grained sediments and rocks containing a high percentage of phyllosilicate minerals have never been satisfactorily classified. Rocks names are poorly defined. The definition of many terms such as clay, clay mineral and shale are logically inconsistent. The major problems are caused by the assumption that there is a fixed relation between grain size and mineralogy and that structure is a basic parameter.Shallow-buried recent and ancient marine sediments with a high content of phyllosilicates commonly contain 60–80% clay and 20–40% silt. Phyllosilicates are present in approximately the same amounts as the clay-size material. Many fine-grained sediments that have been deeply buried commonly contain 30–40% clay; the phyllosilicate mineral content is in the range of 60–80%.In most fine-grained sediments, as deposited, the majority of the material is in the clay size. With burial and diagenesis, much of the clay-sized material grows to silt size. Thus, claystones are converted to siltstones.The term physil, an abbreviated form of phyllosilicate, is proposed to describe all sheet silicate minerals regardless of grain size. Physilites are rocks with a high content of physils. A simple classification is proposed in which size, mineralogy and structure are treated as independent variables. 相似文献
10.
黑白相间纹层状页岩是沉积岩中非常重要且常见的一种岩石类型。采用X射线荧光岩心扫描仪对泌阳凹陷5号页岩层中纹层状页岩样品进行测试,分析结果显示湖相纹层中一些指标,如Sr、CaO、K2O、SiO2、TiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、Cu含量在纹层中表现出明显规律性变化,即白色纹层中Sr和CaO含量明显高于黑色纹层,而K2O、SiO2、TiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、Cu含量明显低于黑色纹层。硼元素以及古氧化还原和古气候指标表明纹层状页岩主要发育在半干旱-干旱的半咸化-咸化分层水体。镜下鉴定揭示,黑色条纹主要为高有机质泥质沉积物,白色条纹主要为方解石、石英以及白云石等矿物,黑白纹层的物质成分组成与陆源供给和水体咸化后自身形成的矿物密切相关。黑白纹层中元素差异变化揭示了不同矿物组成的差异,也揭示出陆相湖盆季节性韵律变化。 相似文献
11.
12.
济阳坳陷下第三系湖相生油岩的微观特征 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用背散射电子成像技术、扫描电镜和能谱分析对山东济阳坳陷下第三系主要湖相生油岩的微观组构、成分特征进行了高分辨率的观察和分析,同时对其中藻类化石丰度进行了定量统计。结果显示,这些生油岩既有共性又有显著的差异。共性表现在它们都具有纹层状构造,而且有机质都特别丰富,呈纹层分布。差异性表现在纹层单元的成分明显不同:富有机质纹层页岩由有机质纹层和粘土矿物纹层组成;钙质纹层页岩则有两种情况:一类由有机质纹层和钙质超微化石纹层组成,另一类由有机质纹层和粗粒方解石纹层组成,粗粒方解石中含有钙质超微化石;钙质纹层泥岩由细粒方解石纹层和含有机质的粘土矿物纹层组成。生油岩中有机质的分布也有两种形式:一类是有机质纹层,另一类则是藻类化石层,如沟鞭藻化石层和钙质超微化石 (颗石藻 )层. 相似文献
13.
Clay fabrics in relation to the burial history of shales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MANUEL SINTUBIN 《Sedimentology》1994,41(6):1161-1169
Quantitative appraisal of compaction strain is essential for the study of the burial history of shales in sedimentary basins. The results of a preliminary fabric analysis of Westphalian and Zechstein shales in the Campine Basin (Belgium) show that clay fabric analysis, using an X-ray pole figure goniometer, is suitable for this purpose. Clay fabrics, in the range studied, are independent of depth and therefore cannot be used as depth indicators. This suggests that in the early stages of the burial history a stable clay fabric has to develop, which will basically remain unchanged during the subsequent burial history. The degree of clay particle preferred orientation not only reflects the compaction strain, but is also determined by mineralogical parameters: the presence of non-platy particles and the relative concentrations of the different clay minerals. This degree of preferred orientation furthermore determines the degree of fissility of the shales. These mineralogical factors limit the use of clay fabrics as truly quantitative strain markers. Their use as semi-quantitative strain markers remains advantageous, mainly because of the common occurrence of clay fabrics in the geological record. Moreover, the relative ease of measurement and the possibility of distinguishing compaction from tectonic strains favour the use of clay fabrics in the quantitative strain analysis of argillaceous rocks. 相似文献
14.
Dimensions of shales and other geologic bodies that affect fluid flow through reservoirs and aquifers are often estimated from analogous deposits exposed in outcrops. Shale lengths observed in outcrops are biased because the finite length of outcrops truncates longer shales and long shales tend to be overrepresented in the sample. Shale length distributions can be modeled using an Erlangian probability density function based on termination frequency. Termination frequency can be calculated from outcrop observations even if the shales are incompletely exposed. Termination frequency is unbiased regardless of underlying shale length distribution and outcrop size and shape. Complex length distributions can be represented by a weighted sum of Erlangian models, each with a distinct termination frequency. The proportions and termination frequencies of the component models can be estimated using Bayes' theorem. Subsamples of the outcrop area can be analyzed to quantify spatial trends in termination frequency and thus shale length. These methods can be applied to estimate length distributions of any geologic object exposed in outcrops or other spatially limited samples. In many cases estimated termination frequency is normally distributed, and its variance can be estimated using closed-form expressions. Shale length distributions for the Frewens Sandstone were modeled using one- and two-component Erlangian probability density functions. The Frewens Sandstone is a tide-influenced deltaic sandstone body within the Cretaceous-age Frontier Formation, exposed in central Wyoming, USA. Length observations and Erlangian models agree reasonably well. Because the models correct for the effects of shale truncation in limited outcrop exposures, predicted means and proportions of long shales are substantially greater than observed values. There is a vertical trend and pronounced vertical cyclicity in termination frequency, indicating that shales become shorter upward and intervals of longer and shorter shales alternate. Along strike, termination frequency decreases away from the sandstone-body axis, reflecting greater preserved shale lengths toward sandstone-body margins. No correlation was observed between distance along dip and termination frequency. Termination frequencies and histograms of shale length for adjacent, perpendicular walls are similar, indicating that there is no anisotropy in shale length. 相似文献
15.
16.
In organic-rich gas shales, clay minerals and organic matter (OM) have significant influences on the origin, preservation, and production of shale gas. Because of the substantial role of nanoscale pores in the generation, storage, and seepage of shale gas, we examined the effects of clay minerals and OM on nanoscale pore distribution characteristics in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs. Using the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales as examples, we determined the effects of clay minerals and OM on pores through sedimentation experiments. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy combined with low-pressure N2 adsorption of the samples before and after sedimentation showed significant differences in pore location and pore size distribution between the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales. Nanoscale pores mostly existed in OM in the Longmaxi shale and in clay minerals or OM–clay composites in the Niutitang shale. The distribution differences were attributed largely to variability in thermal evolution and tectonic development and might account for the difference in gas-bearing capacity between the Niutitang and Longmaxi reservoirs. In the nanoscale range, mesopores accounted for 61–76% of total nanoscale pore volume. Considerably developed nanoscale pores in OM were distributed in a broad size range in the Longmaxi shale, which led to good pore connectivity and gas production. Numerous narrow pores (i.e., pores?<?20 nm) in OM–clay composites were found in the Niutitang shale, and might account for this shale’s poor pore connectivity and low gas production efficiency. Enhancing the connectivity of the mesopores (especially pores?<?20 nm and those developed in OM–clay composites) might be the key to improving development of the Niutitang shale. The findings provide new insight into the formation and evolutionary mechanism of nanoscale pores developed in OM and clay minerals. 相似文献
17.
我国长江中下游沿岸地基中分布有较厚的砂土层,砂土层是桩基的良好持力层。该地区砂性土埋藏浅,厚度大,往往夹杂粉土或粉质黏土,一般随深度增大,砂土变密实。已有研究成果中,针对桩身穿过多层砂土条件下桩基承载力的研究较少。砂土地基中打入桩试验结果表明,砂性土的状态对打入式预制桩的施工产生很大的影响,在松散或稍密的砂性土中沉桩一般比较容易,而在中密或密实的砂性土中则较为困难。本文通过某电厂工程灌注桩现场静载试验,研究了砂土地基中桩身沉降随荷载变化规律,分析了桩身轴力随地层深度变化特征及不同土层的桩侧摩阻力。设计钻孔灌注桩桩径为800mm,桩长为47.2m,桩身混凝土强度等级为C35,桩身穿过9层土层,由现场3根桩静载试桩结果可知,荷载与沉降关系呈非线性,Q-s曲线分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和整体破坏3个阶段, 15m深度以下的粉细砂层侧摩阻力对桩身轴力影响较大, 15m以上粉质黏土和淤泥质土对桩轴力影响较小。根据Q-s曲线确定单桩极限载荷约为4800～5400kN,平均值为5201kN,可满足设计要求,地基中下部砂土层承载力较大,砂土侧摩阻力大于黏性土的侧摩阻力,最大可达到70kPa。所得结论可为该类地基进一步的理论研究及工程设计提供有益的参考。 相似文献
18.
Stratigraphy, sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (central India) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four organic-rich shale units of the Proterozoic Vindhyan sedimentary succession have been scanned to reveal their origin
and hydrocarbon potential. The wavy-crinkly nature of the carbonaceous laminae is suggestive of a microbial mat origin of
the shales. These shales are thus different from Phanerozoic black shales which typically exhibit planar laminae. The hydrocarbon
potential of the black shale units has been evaluated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Total organic carbon content of many of the
shales exceeds 1%. The meanT
max for the black shales translate to a vitrinite reflectance range of 2.05-2.40% Rm based on standard conversion techniques.
These shales have reached the catagenetic stage near the beginning of anthracite formation. 相似文献
19.
D. A. SPEARS 《Sedimentology》1976,23(5):721-725
Laminations control the fissility of a sequence of shales and mudstones from the Upper Carboniferous Coal Measures in Britain. This was established by measuring the thickness of pairs of laminations in unweathered borehole material and comparing with the thickness of shale fragments at the outcrop of the same sequence. The parallel orientation of the clay minerals is not responsible for the fissility and it could be that its importance has been overestimated. The processes responsible for the formation and preservation of the laminations will also produce a well orientated clay fabric and hence fissility and clay orientation may be indirectly related. 相似文献