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1.
为了探究不同含水率砂岩单轴压缩下力学特性及损伤变化情况,首先对5种不同含水率砂岩进行静态单轴压缩实验,获得其物理力学参数;而后利用超声波检测仪测量该5种不同含水率砂岩的波速,将该批次砂岩加载到80%峰值强度后卸载到0,测量此时砂岩声波波速,利用声波法定义损伤,研究含水率对砂岩损伤的影响。结果表明:单轴压缩下,砂岩的峰值强度及弹性模量随含水率升高逐渐降低,而峰值应变变化呈相反趋势;总功及弹性能随含水率增加而下降,耗散能随含水率增加而增大。实验前声波波速随含水率升高逐渐减小,实验后声波波速随含水率升高而下降,且下降趋势较实验前更迅速;砂岩的残余塑性变形和内部损伤均随含水率升高逐渐增大。研究结果可为现场岩石损伤测试提供依据。   相似文献   

2.
To explore the relationship between the dominant direction of micro-cracks and the anisotropy, this research focuses on the micro-crack initiation and propagation mechanism and the anisotropic parameters evolution in the rock under uniaxial compression. Based on the maximum circumferential stress theory and the assumption of shear slip leading to the local tensile stress, the micro-crack initiation and propagation model is established, and the anisotropic parameters of rock is further explored. To verify the theory, the marble limestone, granite porphyry and granite are selected to conduct uniaxial compression experiment. It is indicated that the experimental results of elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio are well consistent with theoretical analysis. Finally, the relationship between the dominant direction of original and secondary micro-cracks and the effect of the micro-cracks’ dominant direction on practical engineering are discussed. The results show that the dominant direction of micro-cracks is parallel to the maximum principal stress under uniaxial compression, which leads to the anisotropy of rock. With the increase of stress, the axial and transverse elastic moduli would decrease, while the extent of the decrease of axial elastic modulus is larger. The axial Poisson’s ratio would increase and the transverse Poisson’s ratio will decrease. Moreover, the Poisson’s ratio is more sensitive to the anisotropy caused by the dominant direction of micro-cracks.  相似文献   

3.
不同岩性及含水率的岩石声波传播规律试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈旭  俞缙  李宏  蔡燕燕  张亚洲  穆康 《岩土力学》2013,34(9):2527-2533
利用智能声波仪对红砂岩、大理岩和花岗岩试样在干燥及饱和条件下进行了声波纵波透射试验,研究声波在岩石中传播的速度特征,同时利用傅里叶变换及小波变换研究声波在岩石中传播的波形、波幅衰减规律、波谱特征。结果表明: (1)红砂岩、大理岩和花岗岩在饱和状态下的纵波波速比其在干燥状态下略高。(2)岩石纵波速度受到岩石的致密程度、孔隙度、密度及硬度的影响。(3)在同样的激发信号下,饱水的砂岩、大理岩、花岗岩岩样声波信号能量集中在低频部分较多,而干燥岩样声波信号能量集中在高频部分较多。(4)饱水的3种岩样声波信号能量衰减较快,尾波不发育;干燥的3种岩样声波信号能量衰减较慢,尾波较发育。(5)穿过岩石的声波信号的波速、波形的时域特征、频域特征及时-频域特征能在一定程度上反映出岩石内部的孔隙及微裂隙的发育情况和岩石含水情况等特征。  相似文献   

4.
本文采用TAW 2000伺服三轴试验机及声发射检测设备,对高温作用后的花岗岩在25~650℃单轴压缩下的声发射特征进行试验研究,分别分析了高温作用后的花岗岩纵波波速、最大强度及振铃计数随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:花岗岩的纵波波速和最大强度随着温度的升高而下降,当温度超过500℃时,纵波波速和最大强度下降幅度最大,可见花岗岩的阈值温度为500℃左右。高温作用后的花岗岩在加载过程中始终伴随声发射信号,并且与应力-时间曲线具有较好的对应关系,不同温度作用后的花岗岩声发射活动程度不同,温度越高,声发射活动愈强烈。500℃前花岗岩试样主要以劈裂破坏为主,温度达到500℃,花岗岩试样以剪切破坏为主,高温导致花岗岩试样内部结构发生改变,试样内部的裂纹逐渐发生扩展、贯通,最终发生破坏。  相似文献   

5.
岩石物理力学性质指标是反映岩体工程特性的重要参数。通过对鄂西恩施地区典型滑坡区白垩系砂岩、三叠系粉砂岩、三叠系薄层泥灰岩、三叠系粉砂质泥岩、泥盆系石英砂岩和三叠系、二叠系、奥陶系灰岩等岩石单轴抗压强度σc、弹性模量E、泊松比μ、岩块的块体密度ρ和纵波速度Vp等试验数据的聚类和相关分析,表明白垩系砂岩和三叠系粉砂岩、三叠系粉砂质泥岩和二叠系灰岩参数间关联模式完全一致,其中岩块密度和纵波速度的关系最密切,将两者的乘积作为组合参数进行参数关联式拟合可提高拟合精度。分别对各地层岩石拟合出考虑多种因素且形式简明的参数关联式,并对拟合残差进行正态性检验,结果表明拟合出的参数关联式比较合理。   相似文献   

6.
岩体的声学特性与应力状态和破坏程度密切相关,通过岩体声学特性的变化来分析岩体应力状态进而评价工程稳定性是一种行之有效的工程措施。针对砂岩开展了单轴压缩试验,并在加载过程中同步进行3个方向的声波测试,获得了砂岩加载过程中3个不同方向声波波速与应力的演化规律。试验结果表明:随着应力的增加,轴向波速逐渐增大,横向波速表现出先增后减的趋势。考虑到不同方向声波测试结果的差异性,采用含不同倾角裂隙的石膏试样进行声波试验。结果表明,当裂隙方向与声波传播方向一致时,波速最大,与声波传播方向垂直时,波速最小;此外,为分析岩样波速与应力状态的相关性,建立了波速与体应变的关系,结果表明,随着体应变的增加,平均波速逐渐增大,在体应变达到最大值附近时,平均波速达到最大值,在体应变下降阶段,波速开始下降;根据轴向波速与应力的变化规律,得到了应力与波速的指数函数拟合公式,据此可以通过现场测试获得的波速预测现场岩体的应力范围,进而评价工程岩体稳定性。  相似文献   

7.
花岗岩山体通常被认为是稳定性较好的地质体,但在青藏高原东部高寒高海拔山区,因冻融作用导致花岗岩体力学性质变差,崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害频发。针对青藏高原东部理塘和八宿地区的花岗岩开展了冻融循环力学试验,通过波速、核磁共振方法分析了岩石冻融过程中的损伤发展趋势。试验结果表明:岩石内部损伤程度随着冻融次数的增加而增加,岩石波速则随着冻融次数的增加而明显降低;从核磁共振T2弛豫时间分布的发展规律可以推断,天然条件下风化较严重的岩样经过冻融循环后裂隙尺寸范围进一步增大,而风化程度微小的岩石经过冻融后裂隙尺寸范围较为集中。对经过冻融循环后的岩样进行三轴压缩试验,结果表明岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随冻融次数增大而减小,而泊松比和内摩擦角没有表现出明显的变化规律。基于试验数据和理论分析,以八宿花岗岩为例,提出了冻融损伤本构模型,对不同围压和冻融循环次数条件下的岩石应力应变全过程进行模拟和预测。  相似文献   

8.
花岗岩样品高温后损伤的试验研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
邱一平  林卓英 《岩土力学》2006,27(6):1005-1010
对河南省某地产25块花岗岩样品进行高温预热处理,测量了加温前后弹性纵波波速,并对样品进行单轴压缩应力-应变全过程试验。通过以上试验,给出如下结果:温度对岩石损伤变化的作用;温度对岩石裂隙密度和损伤应变能释放率的影响。实验结果验证了花岗岩的塑性应变主要与偏斜应力产生的形状改变比能有关,而与体积改变比能的关系不大。  相似文献   

9.
This paper gives an overview of the published literature on laboratory testing of the stress dependence of rock-permeability. Additionally results of personal research on the stress dependence of the permeability of a low-porosity sandstone are presented. Stress-dependent permeability is examined in the laboratory under different stress fields and stress paths, depending on the intended application of the research. The most commonly applied stress paths are hydrostatic compression, triaxial compression, uniaxial strain conditions, and testing under a constant stress path. The published results of several studies on different rock types under one or more of the mentioned stress conditions are described and compared. A general trend of permeability evolution under hydrostatic and triaxial conditions can be established for sandstones and some crystalline rocks such as granite or rocksalt. For uniaxial strain tests and stress path tests the published results are limited to a few rock types (mainly sandstones). Therefore, a general conclusion for the stress dependence of permeability under these conditions is not possible. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

10.
谢强  余贤斌  张永兴  纳裕康 《岩土力学》2007,28(10):2155-2160
介绍了一种可对同一岩石试样分别进行单轴压缩和单轴拉伸实验的试验装置,该装置改变了因岩样不同而导致的压拉试验结果无法进行直接对比分析的现状,为岩石从受压转向受拉或从受拉转向受压的过渡特性的试验研究提供了可能。以云南大姚铜矿紫色砂岩为例,研究了其在压拉试验条件下的变形特性。结果表明:该种岩石从压缩到拉伸阶段弹模变化不大,但压缩泊松比与拉伸泊松比的变化较为复杂。试验同时证明该类岩石的压缩与拉伸并不是截然不同的两种过程,单轴压缩试验的卸载曲线与直接拉伸试验的加载曲线具有很好的连续性。  相似文献   

11.
岩石脆性临界破坏的波速特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王媛媛  孙强  薛雷 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):529-535
根据岩石加载破坏过程中应力-应变和波速-应变曲线所反映的的波速变化特征,研究了岩石声波传播速度与其加载变形过程的相关性。研究表明:岩石破裂前波速及特征参数随着变形破坏阶段变化会有显著改变,特别是应力水平到达70%80%之后,当加载破坏过程中岩石的裂隙大量增加后波速参数出现突变。这是由于在膨胀点附近岩石中微裂隙迅速丛集式增长,改变了岩石内部的微观结构,导致岩石波速降低。伴随着波速降低,波速走时急剧增大,离散度增大;S波和P波的振幅减小,但其振幅比急剧增大;S波、P的波Q值也会出现突变。通过对岩石加载过程中的波速变化与应力-应变曲线之间的关联性分析,利用波速信息变化可以实现对岩石脆性破裂前兆的识别。  相似文献   

12.
砂岩高温前后超声特性的试验研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对焦作砂岩经历不同温度(100 ℃~1 200 ℃)前后超声纵、横波波速和几何尺寸进行了量测,进行了单轴抗压强度试验,计算了超声波纵波经过岩样的衰减系数,应用波速与弹性模量的关系计算了岩样的裂隙密度。比较了经历不同温度前后的岩样体积、超声波速、衰减系数的变化。结果表明,岩样在经历高温后内部微裂隙发展,使结构致密性下降,超声波速降低;对经历不同温度后的岩样波速改变与强度变化规律有明显差异,但超声衰减系数与强度变化规律相似,可以为强度评价提供一定参考。  相似文献   

13.
石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的试验研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用自行研制的岩石加温装置和RMT-150C岩石力学试验机, 对石灰岩和砂岩试样高温后的力学特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明, 随着温度升高, 两种岩石纵波波速逐渐减小。单轴压缩过程中的全程应力应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段; 达到峰值应力后两种岩石均发生脆性破坏, 砂岩破坏时呈锥形炸裂, 而石灰岩则呈草捆状破坏。高温对两种岩石的强度都有一定的弱化作用, 其峰值应力都随温度升高而降低, 石灰岩700 ℃时强度降幅达84.59 %, 而砂岩强度仅比常温降低22 %左右。两种岩石的峰值应变都随温度升高逐渐增大, 但具体表现不尽相同, 石灰岩500 ℃时应变增加了30.57 %, 500 ℃之后峰值应变基本无变化, 甚至到700 ℃时还略有降低; 砂岩700 ℃时峰值应变增加了80.63 %, 其峰值应变的变化与其微观结构变化相关。随着温度升高, 两种岩石的弹性模量和变形模量均减小, 700 ℃时石灰岩弹性模量降幅为86.8 %, 砂岩弹性模量降幅为46.94 %; 700 ℃时石灰岩变形模量下降了83.9 %, 砂岩的变形模量下降了53.06 %。   相似文献   

14.
为研究深部巷道围岩在地下水作用下的长期蠕变力学特性,采用自主研制的深部软岩五联流变试验系统,开展不同含水率(0%、0.8%、1.6%、2.4%、3.3%)下砂岩吸水软化单轴压缩试验及单轴蠕变试验。通过试验结果研究表明:砂岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和蠕变破坏应力与含水率呈指数下降关系,蠕变破坏应力与单轴抗压强度的比值在0.76~0.84之间;砂岩衰减蠕变阶段时间随着含水率的增加而减少,随应力水平的增加而增加。径向应变比轴向应变先进入稳态蠕变阶段,破坏应力下径向应变的加速蠕变阶段开始时间要先于轴向应变;基于稳态蠕变速率曲线确定了砂岩的长期强度,径向稳态蠕变速率确定的值略小于轴向,长期强度与含水率之间满足负指数关系;将蠕变试验中径向应变与轴向应变之比定义为μc,提出了基于μc值的岩石长期强度确定方法且μc值与含水率无关,对于本次砂岩样品可以认为μc值大于0.3时样品会在一定时间内发生加速蠕变破坏;随着含水率的增加,样品破坏形态由单斜面剪切破坏逐渐演变至X状共轭斜面剪切破坏。研究结果为地下水作用下巷道长期稳...  相似文献   

15.
为了研究二氧化碳基增强型地热系统核心及邻近区域中超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)作用对岩石力学性能的影响,设计了纯ScCO2与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2、水蒸气与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2与在水中浸泡了24 h后的花岗岩作用3种试验条件,每种试验条件下均开展了210、240、270℃温度下的试验。对ScCO2作用后的岩样以及一个未经处理的对比样先后开展纵波波速测试以及单轴压缩试验,获得了岩石的纵波波速、单轴抗压强度以及弹性模量。纵波波速试验结果表明,在上述3种试验条件下,花岗岩样的波速会都会发生一定程度的降低。单轴压缩试验结果表明,ScCO2作用后的岩石单轴抗压强度及弹性模量都几乎没有受到影响,但是从破坏模式看,未经处理的岩石以张拉破坏为主,处理后的岩石以剪切破坏为主,并且随着温度的升高剪切破坏越明显。试验结果说明,在不存在水或者仅有微量水存在的情况下,ScCO2的作用对岩石产生轻微损伤,岩样的刚性减弱、塑性增强,导致其纵波波速有少量的下...  相似文献   

16.
李文  谭卓英 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):381-387
传统获取岩石单轴抗压强度参数需要钻进取样、加工制作等严格的试验步骤,需要建立一种参数易于获取且准确的岩石单轴抗压强度预测公式。基于岩石物理力学参数的内在联系,建立了岩石单轴抗压强度与岩石P波模量的关系式。根据英安斑岩和页岩两种岩石的干密度、P波速度及单轴抗压强度的测试数据,采用线性拟合的方法建立了岩石基于P波模量的单轴抗压强度预测公式,并采用统计检验的方法对上述预测公式与传统基于P波速度的预测公式进行了对比分析。结果表明,所建立的强度预测通式简单、精度高,模量容易获取,具有很强的实用性。  相似文献   

17.
A model for the stress‐dependent elastic wave velocity response of fractured rock mass is proposed based on experimental evidence of stress‐dependent fracture normal and shear stiffness. Previously proposed models and previous experimental studies on stress‐dependent fracture stiffness have been reviewed to provide a basis for the new model. Most of the existing stress‐dependent elastic wave velocity models are empirical, with model parameters that do not have clear physical meanings. To propose the new model, the rock mass is assumed to have randomly oriented microscopic fractures. In addition, the characteristic length of microfractures is assumed to be sufficiently short compared to the rock mass dimensions. The macroscopic stress‐dependent elastic wave velocity response is assumed to be attributed to the stress dependency of fracture stiffness. The stress‐dependent fracture normal stiffness is defined as a generalized power law function of effective normal stress, which is a modification of the Goodman's model. On the other hand, the stress dependency of fracture shear stiffness is modeled as a linear function of normal stress based on experimental data. Ultrasonic wave velocity responses of a dry core sample of Berea sandstone were tested at effective stresses ranging from 2 to 55 MPa. Visual observation of thin sections obtained from the Berea sandstone confirms that the assumptions made for microstructure of rock mass model are appropriate. It is shown that the model can describe the stress‐dependent ultrasonic wave velocity responses of dry Berea sandstone with a set of reasonable material parameter values. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

18.
Microscopic Fracture Processes in a Granite   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
Summary The deformation of a competent, brittle, granitic rock is thought to have two main components: elastic and brittle deformation, the latter caused by axial microcracking. Dynamic fatigue testing of Lac du Bonnet granite would, however, suggest the presence of a third mechanism, compaction. Compaction is not the same as elastic crack closure; compaction entails permanent damage along grain boundaries that are under high compression. During compaction, the axial stiffness (elastic modulus) of the rock increases and the permanent crack volume becomes negative (compression). Compaction is active at all stress levels, but it is most noticeable at low stress where its presence is not masked by dilation caused by axial microcracking.  相似文献   

19.
Geophysical site investigation techniques based on elastic waves have been widely used to characterize rock masses. However, characterizing jointed rock masses by using such techniques remains challenging because of a lack of knowledge about elastic wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. In this paper, the roughness of naturally fractured rock joint surfaces is estimated by using a three-dimensional (3D) image-processing technique. The classification of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is enhanced by introducing the scan line technique. The peak-to-valley height is selected as a key indicator for JRC classification. Long-wavelength P-wave and torsional S-wave propagation across rock masses containing naturally fractured joints are simulated through the quasi-static resonant column (QSRC) test. In general, as the JRC increases, the S-wave velocity increases within the range of stress levels considered in this paper, whereas the P-wave velocity and the damping ratio of the shear wave decrease. In particular, the two-dimensional joint specimen underestimates the S-wave velocity while overestimating the P-wave velocity. This suggests that 3D joint surfaces should be implicated to obtain the reliable elastic wave velocity in jointed rock masses. The contact characteristic and degree of roughness and waviness of the joint surface are identified as a factor influencing P-wave and S-wave propagation in multi-jointed rock masses. The results indicate a need for a better understanding of the sensitivity of contact area alterations to the elastic wave velocity induced by changes in normal stress. This paper’s framework can be a reference for future research on elastic wave propagation in naturally multi-jointed rock masses.  相似文献   

20.
利用岩石声波-声发射一体化测试系统与应力加载装置,系统地研究了三轴压缩试验中盐岩的变形破坏特征与声波声发射活动规律。结果表明:(1)三轴加载试验中,盐岩的破坏过程分为压密与弹性压缩阶段、裂纹产生与稳定增长阶段、裂纹加速增长阶段和应变硬化阶段。阶段Ⅰ中,盐岩纵横波波速略微上升,并伴随少量的声发射事件;阶段Ⅱ中,盐岩的声发射活动开始活跃,超声波波速稳定;阶段Ⅲ和阶段Ⅳ中,岩石的声发射事件数量大幅度上升,纵波波速保持稳定,横波波速呈现明显地下降趋势。(2)盐岩的声波与声发射特征与试验围压应力密切相关。围压水平越低,受载盐岩破坏过程中的波速变化率越大;围压水平越高,盐岩超声波波速变化率越小。根据对试验数据的分析,当盐岩轴向应变达到10%,围压条件为5、10、15、20 MPa时盐岩的声发射事件数量分别为16 271、8 764、3 041、906个,围压对盐岩破坏过程的声发射活动有较大的影响,显示了围压致密效应。  相似文献   

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