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SHEN Junfeng YANG Weimin LIU Ting HUANG Xiao ZHENG Weijie YU Lei WANG Guoqiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(4):1131-1144
Much important information referring to fault motion （e.g., fault activities period, intensity, frequency, and even dynamic background） can be revealed by resolving fault gouge, which is the result of fault motion while extruding or grinding. The field investigation encompassed sample collecting from the Bailong River fault system of the western segment of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB）; 44 samples of fault gouges were collected for quartz micro-morphology analysis. These samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, 14 samples were tested for thermo-luminescence dating. The results showed that most of the surface textures of quartz grains are characterized by fish scale, moss-like texture, and stalactite. However, a small amount of orange peel-like fractures and worm-hole-like shaped surface texture were observed. Moreover, a few typical conchoids or subconchoidal fractures in quartz grains can be seen. This implies that the Bailong River Fault was active repeatedly during the Quaternary period, but the main motion period is the Pleistocene. The 14 thermo-luminescence dating values showed two age groups： 343.29-184.06 ka and 92.18-13.87 ka. These study data reveal that fault movement started during the Pliocene, occurred frequently in the early-middle period of the Pleistocene, and the peak frequency of the motion was reached in the early Pleistocene. The fault motions were stopped terminated in the early Holocene. The results are significant for the natural disaster risk evaluation in the western segment of the QOB. 相似文献
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通过对金沙江上游叶巴滩水电站外围竹英-贡达断裂带的新活动性研究,利用扫描电镜对选取的断层泥中的石英颗粒样品进行溶蚀微形貌的观察和统计分析,发现断层泥中的石英颗粒表面的溶蚀微形貌特征简单,以橘皮状为主,表明竹英-贡达断裂不具有新活动性.这与电子自旋共振测年方法显示的结果一致,同时也说明了该方法可以反映断层活动的年代信息. 相似文献
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T. K. Gundu Rao C. P. Rajendran George Mathew Biju John 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(2):103-113
The field investigations in the epicentral area of the 1994 Wadakkancheri (Desamangalam), Kerala, earthquake (M 4.3) indicate
subtle, but clearly recognizable expressions of geologically recent fault zone, consisting of fracture sets showing brittle
displacement and a gouge zone. The fracture zone confines to the crystalline basement, and is spatially coincident with the
elongation of the isoseismals of the 1994 mainshock and a 10-km-long WNW-ESE trending topographic lineament. The preliminary
results from the electron spin resonance (ESR) dating on the quartz grains from the fault gouge indicate that the last major
faulting in this site occurred 430 ± 43 ka ago. The experiments on different grain sizes of quartz from the gouge showed consistent
decrease in age to a plateau of low values, indicating that ESR signals in finer grains were completely zeroed at the time
of faulting due to frictional heat. The results show a relatively young age for displacement on the fault that occurs within
a Precambrian shear zone. Discrete reactivated faults in such areas may be characterized by low degree of activity, but considering
the ESR age of the last significant faulting event, the structure at Desamangalam may be categorized as a potentially active
fault capable of generating moderate earthquakes, separated by very long periods of quiescence. 相似文献
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为了调查该研究区的断裂活动性和发震构造, 采用现场地质、地貌调查、断层物质及阶地年龄测试等方法进行研究.调查结果显示: 胡集-沙洋断裂以正断层活动为主, 最新活动时期在第四纪早更新世晚期, 约1 136 ka.在此基础上, 进一步分析了区域构造应力场和微小地震活动与断层的关系.同时勾绘出了钟祥4次地震的有感范围, 其规模、形态与胡集-沙洋断裂的走向和活动性质基本吻合.在钟祥一带的第四纪中更新世网纹红土中, 发现疑似地震形成的破裂及喷砂喷砾现象, 表明钟祥地区在第四纪中更新世发生过M≥6.0的中强地震.基于此认识, 讨论了钟祥1407年、1469年、1603年M5.0~5.5地震的发震构造.研究表明: 该发震构造为控制汉水地堑的胡集-沙洋断裂, 也证实了在中国东部非活动断裂具有发生中强地震的构造潜力. 相似文献
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马尔康巴拉电站近场区内断层的活动性对工程的设计和坝址的选择极为重要。根据野外调查、ESR测年、断层泥石英形貌、地震活动性等综合分析,认为近场区除松岗断裂以外的其他断层在地表浅部晚更新世以来不具活动性,对工程建设基本不产生影响。松岗断裂中段深部小震频繁,地表未见活动证据,南段错断Ⅱ级阶地,因此中南段属于晚更新世活动断层,北段晚更新世以来不具活动性;日部断裂与松岗断裂中段一样属于深部黏滑浅部闭锁型断层,这种断层可能会在未来地震中产生较大的地表变形,工程建设应避开此类断裂。活动的松岗断裂中南段的潜在地震危险性评估表明,其可能诱发的地震震级约Ms=6.95。拟选的上坝址由于距松岗断裂的安全距离不够,岩石物理条件较差,下坝址的利用落差较小等综合因素考虑,建议选择中坝址更为合理。 相似文献
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Fracturing mode analysis and relative age dating of faults by surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Yuji Kanaori 《Engineering Geology》1983,19(4):261-281
Surface textures of quartz grains taken from about 250 samples of fault gouges in faults ranging in length from several metres to several tens of metres with the faults extending several tens to several hundreds of kilometres in length, are examined by means of the scanning electron microscope and are categorized into four groups from I to IV, based on the smoothness of the surface, degree of undulation and development of cavities, as mentioned in a previous paper. Based on surface features of quartz grains from faults the geological age of movement of which is known, the groups I to IV are tentatively related to the age of formation of quartz grains and the period of formation of surface textures. This correlation makes it clear that quartz-grain surface textures are an important clue to dating a relative age of faulting. River patterns, striations, granular fracture surfaces, and dimple-like textures are observed to appear on less corroded surfaces of quartz grains from fault gouges. Fractographic analysis of these surfaces of quartz grains should be a clue to revealing the mode of fracture of the fault movement which released the quartz grains into the fault gouge. 相似文献
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断层泥石英微形貌特征在断层活动性研究中的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断层泥是断层活动的信息载体,其中的石英颗粒微形貌特征能够反映断层活动方式、期次和活动年代。利用环境扫描电镜,对西藏拉萨那林拉卡断裂白定段断层泥石英样品进行了溶蚀微形貌统计分析及应力痕迹微形貌观察。结果表明:石英颗粒呈现出以钟乳状为主和桔皮状为主的两种截然不同的溶蚀微形貌特征。对照Kanaori Y等关于石英微形貌与年代关系的图谱可知,该断层形成以后至少有过两次再活动,其活动年代分别为上新世至早更新世和中更新世。这与热释光定年法确定该断层最后一次活动时间为287.08 Ka±24.40 Ka的结果相吻合;另外,代表晚期活动特征的应力痕迹微形貌观察结果显示,同一石英颗粒上发育了代表蠕滑和粘滑两种滑动的阶步状刻痕(蠕滑)-撞击碎裂痕(粘滑)组合,以及阶步状刻痕(蠕滑)-贝壳状断口(粘滑)-平直擦线(粘滑)的组合,说明该断层在晚期(中更新世)曾经历了蠕滑和粘滑两种滑动方式。代表蠕滑的阶步状刻痕清晰突显,而代表粘滑的线状擦痕明显受到溶蚀,这说明粘滑运动在先,蠕滑运动在后。此外,擦痕线的叠加、切穿现象还表明,断层在中更新世的滑动至少有3个亚期次。综合应力痕迹微形貌特征认为,3个亚期次滑动的前两次表现为粘滑,第三次为蠕滑或粘滑向蠕滑过渡类型。 相似文献
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对北山地区遥感影像和野外地质特征的分析表明,自阿尔金断裂带向NW方向依次出露三危山-双塔断裂、大泉断裂和红柳河断裂。这些断裂近于平行,且同为左行走滑断裂,具有相似的展布特征,空间走向均为NE40-50°,断裂系末端均发育“树枝状”分支断层．在断层夹块之间形成“多米诺”构造,构成了北山地区主要的构造样式。断层谷地沉积物分析和断层泥ESR年代学测试结果表明,三危山-双塔断裂形成于上新世（N2k）,大泉断裂形成于早更新世（1．2-1．5Ma）．而北山地区分支断层和次级断层的活动在400ka之后。对北山地区断裂构造几何学和年代学的研究表明．阿尔金断裂系晚新生代以来向NW方向的侧向扩展．是阿尔金走滑边界重要的生长方式。北山地区特殊的走滑构造组合样式．使该地区的构造变形难于在某条断层上聚集能量,而分散在若干条次级断层上的位移量又微乎其微,该地区成为“最稳定的活动区”。 相似文献
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山西忻定盆地断层崩积楔OSL年龄及其对古地震事件的指示意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
断层陡坎崩积楔是断层活动的直接产物,是古地震事件的重要证据。对于崩积楔的准确定年是解决古地震事件的关键。近几年得益于释光技术与方法的发展,简单多片再生法(SMAR)已成功应用于130 ka以来黄土类型沉积物的定年。以山西忻定盆地五台山北麓南峪口探槽为例,对该探槽中的两期崩积楔（D1、D2）各个部位不同类型沉积物进行系统采样,对样品采用细颗粒石英(4~11 μm)简单多片再生法(SMAR)进行光释光(OSL)测年,根据光释光年龄,得出如下认识：(1)D1、D2崩积楔演化过程与常规的正断层崩积楔演化模式有些差别;(2)D1崩积楔古地形面由断层处向外延伸堆积而成,D2崩积楔古地形面由水平堆积形成,且较D1厚;（3）D1崩塌结束后经历较强的水流作用;(4)两次古地震事件分别发生于(42.77±2.46)～(61.72±282) ka、(32.80±2.87)～(47.92±0.94) ka,时间间隔为10～15 ka。 相似文献
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新疆开都河大山口水电站位于南天山现代地壳构造运动仍十分活跃的地区，野外地质研究表明，通过工程区的洪水沟大断层新活动延续到晚更新世末期；工程区的小断层F9最后活动在晚更新世以前。通过对采自这两条断层的断层物质样品的变形显微构造、石英颗粒形貌和类型、TL年龄的分析测定，揭示出洪水沟大断层在工程区段的主活动期为上新世晚期至早更新世，中更新世以后己无明显活动；F9断层最后一次较强烈活动的上限时间为距今9万年左右。结果表明，电站坝区是地壳活动相对较稳定的、较好的场点。 相似文献
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中国西部山岳冰川MIS3b冰进的初步探讨 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
对横断山的沙鲁里山、祁连山东段的冷龙岭、天山西段托木尔峰南麓的阿特奥依纳克河流域等3个地区7个研究点的第四纪冰川作用开展了深入研究,应用ESR测年技术在7个研究点特定的地貌部位共获得12个对应于MIS3(56~36 ka BP)的测年结果,且年龄基本上都对应于MIS3b(54~44 kaBP).结合已有的研究资料,并对MIS3气候特征进行综合分析,研究表明:MIS3强大的季风环流带来的丰富降水与MIS3b冷阶段的组合是川西高原的沙鲁里山与祁连山东段冷龙岭MIS3b冰进的主要原因,而天山西段阿特奥依纳克河流域MIS3b冰进则是不稳定的西风波动带来的丰富降水所致.这3个地区沉积有该次冰进的冰碛物. 相似文献
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六盘山东麓断裂南段断裂沟槽韵律沉积特征对最新活动时代的限定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
六盘山位于华北断块西部鄂尔多斯块体与青藏块体祁连断褶带之间的构造转换部位。前人对六盘山东麓断裂南段进行过一定程度的研究,根据地貌特征推断六盘山东麓断裂南段晚更新世以来不活动。根据断裂特征,大致可将六盘山东麓断裂划分为北段、中段和南段。活动断裂带上的断裂沟槽沉积物表现为由多个粗粒层与细粒层交替的韵律层序结构,韵律沉积特征与断裂活动有直接关系。在六盘山东麓断裂南段冶家村西发现一个断裂沟槽韵律沉积剖面,共鉴别出三期韵律沉积组合。通过分析认为本剖面所反映的韵律沉积特征应为构造成因。对断裂沟槽沉积物采样测年的结果表明,该段断层分别在约500 a BP后、6 ka BP后和15 ka BP前有过明显的地质活动。确认六盘山东麓断裂南段晚更新世以来有过多次活动,是一条活动断裂带。 相似文献
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拟建的新疆喀拉喀什河乌鲁瓦提水电站位于现代地壳运动十分活跃的区域。野外证据显示出，坝区的Ｆ＿（１２）断层新活动延续到晚更新世，电站附近的石门北断层在第四纪有活动。对采自坝区及附近几条断层的断层物质样品进行了变形显微构造、石英颗粒表面形貌和微结构类型、ＴＬ年龄的分析测定，结果表明，Ｆ＿（１２）最新活动的上限时间不晚于３万年，Ｆ＿（３０）和石门断层的活动持续到晚更新世，石门北断层最新的活动的上限时间约２万年。根据区域断裂的分布和应力场的情况，进行了构造模拟实验，预测出工程区在区域应力场的继续作用下，应力集中在远离坝址的部位，坝址附近不会出现新的应力集中点。总体看，所选坝址是地壳活动区中相对较稳定的地段。 相似文献
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SANDA BALESCU MICHEL LAMOTHE JEAN-PIERRE LAUTRIDOU 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1997,26(1):61-72
The infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating method is applied to alkali feldspar coarse grains from the two distinct Middle Pleistocene interglacial estuarine deposits of Tourville, located along the Seine Valley. The upper deposit (unit D), previously dated at 200 ka by ESR on in situ shells and correlated with a stage 7 high sea-level stand (186–245 ka), yields a measured IRSL age of 176 ± 21 ka. The lower deposit (unit B) assigned to a distinctly older high sea-level event (stage 9: 303–339 ka) yields a measured IRSL age of 273 ± 28 ka. The nearby stage 7 raised beach of Sangatte, in Northwestern France, previously dated by TL on quartz (229 ± 18 ka) yields a measured IRSL age of 186 ± 19 ka. These IRSL age estimates systematically underestimate the expected geological ages. This could be due to the long-term fading or instability of the luminescence signal in alkali feldspars. The correction for long-term fading has been tested on these samples. At Tourville, it yields corrected IRSL ages of 196 ± 23ka and 314 ± 32ka, for the upper and lower units respectively and, at Sangatte, a corrected IRSL age of 206 ± 20 ka. These corrected IRSL age estimates are in better agreement with the expected geological ages. This study demonstrates the potential of the feldspar luminescence dating method to provide chronological information on Middle Pleistocene interglacial estuarine sediments within the North Sea-English Channel Basin. 相似文献
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丰台—野鸡坨断裂为唐山地区主要断裂之一，西侧为鸦鸿桥凹陷，东侧为唐山凸起，断裂两侧第四系厚度之差巨大。本文依据该断层两侧钻孔对其第四纪以来活动性进行初步的探讨。通过对丰台—野鸡坨断裂上下两盘PZK14和PZK20孔磁性地层学研究，并结合钻孔岩石地层，及浅部光释光和14C测年结果，建立第四纪地层格架。结果表明：两孔底部“泥包砾”为新近纪沉积；PZK14孔下更新统底界埋深为387 m，中更新统底界埋深为114 m，上更新统底界埋深为71 m，全新统底界埋深为6 m；PZK20孔下更新统底界埋深为155 m，中更新统底界埋深为73 m，上更新统底界为36 m，无全新世地层。丰台—野鸡坨断裂活动在早更新世时表现为逐渐增强的特点，活动速率由早期的5.4 cm/ka增加到13.9 cm/ka。中更新世断裂活动基本处于停滞状态，活动速率为1.0 cm/ka。晚更新世以后，断裂重新活动，且更加剧烈，活动速率达到了54.5 cm/ka。 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(10-13):1339-1343
The Wangsan fault is exposed at Kyeongju, Korea. The andesite is unconformably covered by Quaternary alternating conglomerate and sandstone deposits. The unconformity is cut by the thrust fault which displaces a hanging wall block of about 30 m. Exposed at the surface of this fault is a light gray and brown fault gouge, about 40–120 cm thick. In order to test the consistency of ESR ages from a single fault gouge zone, we collected six gouge samples systematically along and across the Wangsan fault. We found that six samples collected from the same gouge zone show consistent ESR date estimates (average 550 ka). Because fault rock is rare along faults in unconsolidated sediments due to low confining stress near the surface, we consider that this fault gouge has been moved up with the hanging wall block along the fault. The estimated average uplift rate of the hanging wall block is about 0.04 cm/year based on the age of the displaced Quaternary deposits (vertical separation; about 20 m) dated by OSL dating methods. The depth of the fault gouge at the time of reactivation, which was estimated from uplift rate and the ESR ages, is about 220 m. Therefore, we conclude that the results of ESR age estimates represent the time of reactivation of the fault gouge at a depth of 220 m in the past during fault movement, because later movements which occurred during uplift near the surface may not have zeroed ESR signals significantly for ESR dating of fault movements. 相似文献