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1.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
The glass-ceramics was prepared from coal fly ash, limestone and Na2CO3 by sintering processes. Effects of the crystallization temperature (850–1100 ℃) on crystallization behavior, microstructure, sintering character and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics samples were analyzed by means of DTA, XRD, SEM and other analytical methods. The results show that the main crystalline phase of as-prepared glass-ceramics after crystallization treatment is gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7). The species of crystalline phases keep the same, however, the main crystalline intensity, line shrinkage rate and bulk density increase first then decrease with the increasing of heat treatment temperature. Water absorption of the samples was reduced as the heat treatment temperature rising. The glass-ceramics display high performance crystallization properties and chemical stability. The optimized glass-ceramics with desired sintering character and chemical stability was obtained by crystallized at 1050 ℃. 相似文献
2.
Phlogopites containing anomalously high values of Zn, Mn and Li have been identified in low-magnesium feldspathic schists and quartzites from the Precambrian of northern New Mexico. The phlogopite is volumetrically minor (<2%) and coexists with muscovite. The presence of hematite and piemontite in the phlogopite-bearing samples indicates high oxidizing conditions, but their presence in phlogopite-free mica schists nearby demonstrates that high fo2 is insufficient to account for the phlogopite occurrences. A model for phlogopite development is presented which is based upon (1) high fo2 conditions, (2) limited H+ during metamorphism, and (3) early mobilization of Mg (and Zn, Mn, Li) during incipient metamorphism. The absence of phlogopite in associated rocks which refect high fo2 conditions is due to the larger amount of H+ available during metamorphism, resulting in the development of abundant muscovite rather than rare phlogopite. 相似文献
3.
J. Rimsaite 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,33(4):259-272
Ultrabasic rocks with Niggli values for si between 26 and 100, and k between 0.6 and 1 have been chosen for the study of the distribution of 23 major and minor constituents between phlogopite and the host rock. The rocks include kimberlites, carbonatites and lamprophyres which contain abundant zoned micas and a few zoned spinels. Chemical variations in zoned mica and spinel were determined by electron probe microanalysis, and distribution coefficients for Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn, and Ni were calculated between mica and spinel for the average composition of the mica and spinel, and for chemically-related and adjacent zones. The spinel changes from chromite in the centre to chromian ulvöspinel in the rim, and the mica from chromian phlogopite, through titaniferous biotite to chromium-poor phlogopite. Distribution coefficients for Cr and Fe between adjacent zones in spinel (0.8 and 0.02 for Cr; 1.1 and 3.1 for Fe) and in mica (0.4 and 0.1 for Cr; 2 and 0.3 for Fe) show more variation than the distribution coefficients between the cogenetic phlogopite and chromite (0.04 for Cr, 0.2 for Fe), and biotite and ulvöspinel (0.08 for Cr; 0.2 for Fe). It is concluded that distribution coefficients for major and minor constituents between related zones are more meaningful than those calculated from the average chemical composition of zoned minerals.The results indicate that phlogopite is the principal carrier of potassium, rubidium, aluminium, fluorine and primary water in kimberlite and carbonatite. Minor elements, such as chlorine, lithium, barium, nickel, chromium, titanium and zinc are present mainly in the mica, whereas sodium, strontium, calcium, carbon and manganese are more abundant in other minerals. 相似文献
4.
环境温度影响石油黏滞性,改变石油污染土的力学特性。借助无侧限抗压强度试验,研究不同温度条件下石油污染滨海盐渍土的强度及变形特性。结果证实:温度对石油污染盐渍土力学性质影响显著,温度越高,污染土抗压强度越低,20℃时,含油率15%污染土的抗压强度较未污染土下降近70%;石油污染滨海盐渍土的抗压强度随含油率的增加先增大后减小,环境温度与污染土强度峰值点处的含油率反相关,10℃、20℃、30℃条件下,强度峰值点处的含油率分别为15%、10%和5%;石油污染盐渍土表现为应变软化型破坏,含油率及环境温度影响石油污染盐渍土的抗变形能力,土样的破坏面积和裂缝宽度随含油率增加及温度升高而增大。 相似文献
5.
High-Ba (~ 11 wt.% BaO) phlogopite was found for the first time in olivinites of the Guli intrusion in the Maimecha–Kotui province of ultrabasic alkaline rocks and carbonatites. The high-Ba mica occurs in assemblage with a paragenesis of olivinite minerals—clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, apatite, and ilmenite. High-Ba mica is an early phlogopite generation. Its magmatic crystallization led to a decrease in Ba content. Low-Ba mica is a late phlogopite generation. The high Ba/K ratios at the early stages of evolution of a mantle magmatic system are necessary for the formation of high-Ba minerals and point to magma formation at great depths and the contribution of mantle metasomatism to the geochemical characteristics of parental magmas. 相似文献
6.
V. S. Sobolev T. Ju. Bazarova Kenzo Yagi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1975,49(4):301-308
Wyomingite collected from Leucite Hills is composed mainly of leucite, diopside, phlogopite, and small amounts of apatite, calcite, magnetite and rare amphibole, and is characterized by very high content of potash. Thermal experiments at atmospheric pressure indicate that the liquidus phase is always diopside with liquidus temperature of 1320 °C, and solidus temperature is about 1000 °C. Various kinds of melt inclusions are abundant in all constituent minerals. They comprise mono-phase (glass only), two-phase (gas+glass), three-phase (gas+glass+one crystalline phase) and multi-phase (gas+glass+more than two crystalline phases) inclusions. Thermal experiments have been made on these inclusions in phlogopite, diopside, and leucite in order to estimate the temperature of crystallization by homogenizing these inclusions. The results show that the crystallization of wyomingite began with formation of phlogopite accompanied by diopside at 1270 °C. Although diopside ceased crystallization at 1220 °C recurrent crystallization of phlogopite was noticed between 1120 ° and 1040 °C. Leucite crystallized out abundantly between 1250 ° and 1150 °C. Complete solidification of wyomingite occurred at about 1000 °C. 相似文献
7.
8.
In this paper, an experimental study was conducted in order to test the feasibility of sintering mullite directly from the high-alumina fly ash, without adding any extra material. The results show that the mullite contents in most sintered samples are over 70%. The samples sintered from the beneficiated fly ash have a higher content of mullite than those from the as-received fly ash under the same synthetic conditions. To obtain an equal amount of mullite, a higher sintering temperature is needed for the beneficiated fly ash than for the as-received fly ash. Considering the physical properties of sintered mullite, the favorable sintering temperature is 1400℃ for the as-received fly ash and 1500℃ for the beneficiated fly ash. A higher sintering temperature and a shorter holding time are profitable to sintering mullite. The orthogonal test confirmed that the dominant factor affecting mullite synthesis is sintering temperature, and that the most profitable matching conditions are 200 MPa-1500℃-3 h for the as-received fly ash and 200 MPa-1500 ℃-4 h for the beneficiated fly ash. 相似文献
9.
Summary Ti-bearing phlogopite-biotite is dominant in Ugandan kamafugite-carbonatite effusives and their entrained alkali clinopyroxenite
xenoliths. It occurs as xeno/phenocrysts, microphenocrysts and groundmass minerals and also as a major xenolith mineral. Xenocrystic
micas in kamafugites and carbonatites are aluminous (> 12 wt% Al2O3), typically contain significant levels of Cr (up to 1.1 wt% Cr2O3), and are Ba-poor. Microphenocryst and groundmass micas in feldspathoidal rocks extend to Al-poor compositions, are depleted
in Cr, and are generally enriched in Ba. In general, xenocrystic micas occupy the Al2O3 and TiO2 compositional field of the xenolith mica, and on the basis of Mg#, and high P, T experimental evidence they probably crystallised
at mantle pressures. Mica xenocryst Cr contents range from those in Cr-poor megacryst and MARID phlogopite to higher values
found in primary and metasomatic phlogopites in kimberlite-hosted peridotite xenoliths. Such Cr contents in Ugandan mica xenocrysts
are considered consistent with derivation from carbonate-bearing phlogopite wehrlite and phlogopite-clinopyroxenite mantle.
Olivine melilitite xenocryst micas are distinguished by higher Mg# and Cr content than mica in clinopyroxenite xenoliths and
mica in Katwe-Kikorongo mixed melilitite-carbonatite tephra. Higher Al2O3 distinguishes Fort Portal carbonatite xenocrysts and some contain high Cr. It is suggested that the genesis of Katwe-Kikorongo
olivine melilitite and Fort Portal carbonatite involves a carbonate-bearing phlogopite wehrlite source while the source of
the mixed carbonatite-melilitite rocks may be carbonate-bearing phlogopite clinopyroxenite.
Received January 24, 2000; revised version accepted September 27, 2001 相似文献
10.
Kimberlite magmas from the Kimberley area of South Africa have sampled two main types of phlogopite-rich mafic xenoliths which represent deep mantle segregations from highly alkaline melts. The first group corresponds to the MARID rocks characterised by the mineral association mica (phlogopite)-amphibole (K-richterite)-rutile-ilmenite-clinopyroxene and the second group consists of the PIC rocks characterised by the mineral association mica (phlogopite)-ilmenite-clinopyroxene-minor rutile. The two groups are clearly distinguished from one another by their mineral paragenesis, by the major element composition of their phlogopite and ilmenite, by the trace element content of their clinopyroxene and by their clinopyroxene and whole rock Sr and Nd isotope ratios. The combined major and trace element variations are interpreted to indicate a genetic relationship between the PIC rocks and group I kimberlite magma, and between the MARID rocks and group II kimberlite magma. The two types of parental melts percolated through, and metasomatised, the upper mantle beneath the Kimberley area as indicated by the trace element characteristics of the clinopyroxenes of the studied phlogopite-bearing peridotites. 相似文献
11.
通过加入不同含量添加剂的2种试样，用同一烧结工艺同炉烧结，对试样进行强度测试，获得了不同的物理力学性能，在高倍电镜下，观察和测金刚石与胎体金属界面上不同添加剂所生成的金属碳化物层厚度和面积，通过试样金相组织分析，观察其晶体组织及颗粒体布，从而确定不同添加剂的合理加量值。 相似文献
12.
岩石工程可能会经受高温环境。岩石高温后冷却方式的不同往往会导致岩石物理力学性质产生重大变化,这对岩石工程的稳定性、渗透性等都会产生重要影响。采用核磁共振（MRI）、电镜扫描（SEM）和单轴压缩试验对100、300、500、600、800 ℃ 5种不同温度砂岩经两种不同冷却方式（自然冷却和水中冷却）后的孔隙率、孔径分布、峰值强度、峰值应变、应力-应变关系以及微观结构变化等进行研究。试验结果表明：自然冷却时,高温砂岩强度并非随温度升高而持续降低,而水冷却会导致砂岩强度持续降低,且降低幅度远超自然冷却;500 ℃可以看作不同冷却方式对砂岩孔隙率影响的临界值,超过500 ℃,水冷却方式会导致孔隙率急剧增长,大孔径（Ф 10 μm）孔隙所占比例也高于自然冷却,因此,高温砂岩工程采用水冷却方式（如隧道着火后用水灭火）要充分考虑由此可能带来渗透危害;SEM测试表明,当温度 500 ℃时,水冷却对裂纹的增宽和扩展产生促进作用;当温度达到800 ℃时,水冷却砂岩孔洞变大,裂隙更加发育,并贯通连成网络,这会导致透水性大幅提高,同时,这也是该温度水冷却导致强度急剧降低的原因之一。 相似文献
13.
负温下磷酸镁水泥混凝土的力学性能与抗冻性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了磷酸镁水泥（MPC）混凝土在20℃、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃养护环境下的力学性能和抗冻性能,为MPC混凝土应用于寒区旱区的抢修工程提供科学依据。MPC混凝土力学性能按照国标GB/T 50081-2002进行试验,抗冻性能按照GB/T 50082-2009进行试验。结果表明：20℃养护条件下,MPC混凝土的28 d抗压强度达到65.3 MPa,抗折强度达到6.8 MPa;-10℃养护条件下,28 d抗压强度达到59.7 MPa,抗折强度达到7.2 MPa;300次快速冻融循环后,-10℃养护条件下MPC混凝土质量损失率为3.5%,相对动弹性模量为83.5%,抗冻性能优于20℃养护条件下的MPC混凝土。-10℃养护条件下MPC混凝土力学性能和抗冻性能优异,可用于寒区旱区的抢修工程。 相似文献
14.
高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为综合考察温度、围压对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在高温（25℃～1 000 ℃）作用后,利用MTS815.02电液伺服材料试验系统对花岗岩岩样进行不同围压作用下的三轴压缩试验。研究结果表明,（1）围压一定时,经历不同高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩全应力-应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏、塑性流动5个阶段;（2）经历不同高温作用后岩样三轴抗压强度与围压呈非线性二次多项式增长关系,围压为40 MPa时的抗压强度比单轴抗压强度提高了382.30%;常规三轴压缩条件下,400 ℃是花岗岩力学参数的阀值温度;（3）经历高温作用后,岩样弹性模量随围压升高呈增大趋势,围压为40 MPa时的弹性模量比单轴时提高了90.26%;随温度升高呈二次非线性减小,1 000 ℃时的弹性模量比25℃时降低了57.16%;（4）花岗岩的失稳型式同时取决于围压和温度。单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,岩样变形破坏型式由脆性破裂向塑性变形过渡,失稳型式在低温时为突发失稳、中高温为准突发失稳,温度高于800 ℃为渐进破坏;三轴压缩状态下,随着围压的增大,岩样破裂型式由脆性张拉破裂逐渐向剪切破裂过渡,岩样的失稳型式以突发失稳为主。在试验温压范围内,影响花岗岩力学性质的首要因素是温度,其次是围压。 相似文献
15.
冻结法施工设计过程中地层的热物理参数是必须明确的指标, 为了探明高富水卵砾石地层热物理参数以及各参数与影响因素之间的相互作用关系, 本文以现场取回卵砾石样为研究对象, 通过自制试验装置测量试样起始冻结温度、比热容和导热系数, 探究含盐量对试样起始冻结温度的影响, 试样比热容、导热系数与冻结温度之间的相互作用关系, 试验结果表明:随着含盐量升高, 试样中水分的蒸气压不断下降, 造成试样需要更低的温度, 释放更多的能量才会发生冻结, 试样随着含盐量的升高起始冻结温度下降, 1、2、3号试样平均起始冻结温度从-0.46 ℃下降到-1.15 ℃; 随着冻结温度的降低试样中水分冻结, 卵砾石试样中含冰量增多, 未冻水含量减少, 由于冰的比热容是水的一半, 致使比热容不断下降, 卵砾石试样比热容从1.60 J·(g·℃)-1下降到1.06 J·(g·℃)-1; 随着冻结温度的降低试样含冰量增多, 含水量减少, 由于冰的导热系数远远大于水的导热系数, 致使卵砾石试样导热系数不断上升, 由1.71 W·(m·K)-1增加到2.13 W·(m·K)-1; 由于试样中含冰量、未冻水含量随温度不断变化, 固态和液态水的相变, 导致试样热物理性质随温度不断发生改变。 相似文献
16.
岩土类材料的强度强烈依赖于含水率和温度条件.以兰州兰山砂岩为研究对象,分别进行了不同温度（+20℃、-5℃、-10℃）和不同含水率（干燥、天然含水率和饱和状态）条件下岩石的巴西圆盘劈裂试验.试验结果表明,常温下,岩石抗拉强度随含水率增加而急剧减小,试样饱和时软化、崩解,丧失承载能力;在不同负温条件下,天然含水状态的试样抗拉强度最大,干燥状态下最小;在-10~+20℃范围内,干燥岩石强度随温度升高,抗拉强度增大,含水岩石均是随温度升高,抗拉强度减小,但饱和岩石在-5℃时抗拉强度最大.含水率和温度对岩样强度的影响存在临界值,超过临界值,岩样强度随上述因素反向变化.试验结论为岩土类材料劈裂强度的标准化测试及其工程应用提供了重要的基础数据参考. 相似文献
17.
Thomas G. Sharp Max T. Otten Peter R. Buseck 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,104(5):530-539
Phenocrysts of phlogopite from a micaceous kimberlite contain finely interlayered serpentine. These phenocrysts occur in the kimberlite groundmass and are altered along the mica layers and are slightly deformed. Lizardite is the predominant serpentine mineral, but chrysotile and mixed structures also occur. The lizardite occurs as lamellae within phlogopite, oriented such that (001) layers of the two minerals are parallel and the [100] direction of lizardite is parallel to the [100] or 110 directions of phlogopite. The serpentinized regions of phlogopite are localized and extensive along the (001) layers. Chrysotile fibers and chrysotile-like curled serpentine occur within regions of disrupted material, and polygonal structures occur in folded lizardite lamellae. Textural relations suggest three events: 1) replacement of phlogopite by lizardite, 2) deformation of the phenocrysts, and 3) partial transformation of the lizardite to chrysotile-like structures. Deformation features include openings along (001), folds, and regions of disrupted or broken material. The folded and broken material consists of lamellar lizardite and phlogopite, indicating that lamellar replacement preceded deformation. Intergrowths of lizardite and curled serpentine are associated with cleavage openings and voids in disrupted material, suggesting that a partial transformation of lizardite to chrysotile occurred within openings created by deformation. Clay minerals also occur within phlogopite as either a minor product of serpentinization or of late-stage alteration. 相似文献
18.
实际岩土工程中经常遇到高温环境，研究3D打印岩体试样在高温作用后的力学性能对促进3D打印技术在工程领域的应用具有重要意义。以GS19砂和呋喃树脂作为打印基材，运用3D打印技术制备内部结构高度一致的岩体试样，研究不同温度作用后3D打印岩体试样的力学性能，结合电镜扫描试验从微观层面上分析不同温度作用后3D打印岩体试样力学性能产生变化的原因。提出了3D打印岩体试样的最优力学温度，并研究了含预制裂隙的3D打印岩体试样在最优力学温度作用后的破坏特征。研究表明：3D打印岩体试样的单轴抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度随温度的不断升高均呈现先增大后降低的规律，最优力学温度为150 ℃；在最优力学温度作用后，含不同倾角预制裂隙的3D打印岩体试样的破坏过程包含压密、微裂纹萌生、裂纹稳定扩展、贯通破坏4个阶段，裂纹的初始萌生位置均出现在预制裂隙处但随着预制裂隙倾角的变化而有所不同，扩展路径总是趋向于荷载加载的方向并大致呈中心对称形式。 相似文献
19.
膨胀土是一种特殊的黏土,具有明显的胀缩性和多裂隙性,在寒区渠道工程中极易诱发各种冻害。单轴压缩特性是冻土物理力学特性的重要分支,为研究冻结膨胀土的单轴压缩特性,开展了不同干密度和温度下冻结膨胀土单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:随着干密度的增加,各温度工况下试样的应力-应变关系曲线均由弱应变软化转为应变硬化形态,且试验温度越高,曲线的软化特征越显著。不同温度工况下试样的破坏模式差异明显。当试验温度为-2℃时,试样破坏时其表面出现明显的局部坍塌与剥落,而-5℃、-10℃和-15℃工况下试样的最终破坏形态均为“鼓状”破坏,试样表面无明显的裂缝和剪切面。冻结膨胀土试样的单轴抗压强度随干密度的增加而线性增大,亦随温度的降低而增大,但在不同的温度区间内增幅不同,其变化幅度主要与试样内部含冰量密切相关。此外,试样的弹性模量随着干密度的增大和温度的降低均线性增大。 相似文献
20.
Static and Dynamic Flexural Strength Anisotropy of Barre Granite 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Granite exhibits anisotropy due to pre-existing microcracks under tectonic loadings; and the mechanical property anisotropy such as flexural/tensile strength is vital to many rock engineering applications. In this paper, Barre Granite is studied to understand the flexural strength anisotropy under a wide range of loading rates using newly proposed semi-circular bend tests. Static tests are conducted with a MTS hydraulic servo-control testing machine and dynamic tests with a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Six samples groups are fabricated with respect to the three principle directions of Barre granite. Pulse shaping technique is used in all dynamic SHPB tests to facilitate dynamic stress equilibrium. Finite element method is utilized to build up equations calculating the flexural tensile strength. For samples in the same orientation group, a loading rate dependence of the flexural tensile strength is observed. The measured flexural tensile strength is higher than the tensile strength measured using Brazilian disc method at given loading rate and this scenario has been rationalized using a non-local failure theory. The flexural tensile strength anisotropy features obvious dependence on the loading rates, the higher the loading rate, the less the anisotropy and this phenomenon may be explained considering the interaction of the preferentially oriented microcracks. 相似文献