非传统矿产资源定量预测的理论思考   总被引：17，自引：8，他引：9  

陈建平  张寿廷  汤军  厉青  王攻文  丁火平  冯春 《地球物理学进展》2002,17(2):342-348

近年来,国内外对新型非传统矿产资源研究都予以高度重视,解决矿产资源短缺的这一就是非传统勘查理论与方法研究。“相似类比”一直是地质研究所遵循的基本原理,但对于具有“点型分布”的矿床,以及对于研究区不存在已知矿床没有现成模式进行“相似类比”,什么样的理论可以用来指导我们的找矿预测呢？多样性是复杂系统中客观事物外在表现的基本特征,成矿专属性只是成矿多样性的一种特例或表现形式之一。因此,非传统矿产资源预测评价的新理论必须在理论基础上既适用于寻找传统矿床类型,又不忽视对新类型矿产资源的发现,预测和评价。对于区域成矿预测的分析研究,成矿地质信息的数字化,定量化是地质异常识别与提取的重要基础,矿化特征的数字化,定量化是成矿多样性分析与评价的关键步骤,区域成矿规律的数字化,定量化是矿床谱系分析的理论核心。  相似文献   

Statistical and spatial assessment of soil heavy metal contamination in areas of poorly recorded, complex sources of pollution   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

A. Korre 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(4):260-287

The assessment of soil heavy metal contamination and the quantification of its sources and spatial extent represent a serious challenge to the environmental scientists and engineers. To date, statistical and spatial analysis tools have been used successfully to assess the amount and spatial distribution of soil contamination. However, these techniques require vast amounts of samples and a good historical record of the study area. Furthermore, they cannot be applied in cases of complex or poorly recorded contamination and provide only a qualitative assessment of the pollution sources. The author has developed a methodology that combines statistical and geostatistical analysis tools with geographic information systems for the quantitative and spatial assessment of contamination sources. This paper focuses on the techniques that may be employed to explore the structure of a soil data set. Soil contamination data from Lavrio old mine site in Greece were used to illustrate the methodology. Through the research, it was found that principal component and factor analysis tools delineate the principal processes that drive pollution distribution. However, the spatial assessment and quantification of multiple pollution sources cannot be resolved. This aspect is explored in detail in the second paper of the series, focusing on the exploitation of principal component and factor analysis results as inputs for canonical correlation, geostatistical analysis and geographic information systems tools.  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF SEMIAUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF FLUVIAL TERRACES BASED ON R LANGUAGE-AN EXAMPLE FROM THE YELLOW RIVER TERRACES AT MIJIA SHAN     

YAO Wen-qian  LIU-ZENG Jing  Michael Oskin  HAN Long-fei  LI Xue  WANG Heng  XU Xin-yue  LI Zhan-fei  ZHANG Jin-yu 《地震地质》2019,41(2):363-376

The generation, abandonment and preservation of terraces formed in active tectonic areas are important to the analysis of the role of the tectonics and climate along the temporal variations, so it appears significant as how to use the effective quantitative methods to extract and accurately depict these terraces. The increasingly convenient acquisition of high-precision topographic data has greatly promoted the advancement of quantitative research in geoscience, making it possible to analyze mid-micro-geomorphic features on a large scale, especially by studying the temporal and spatial evolution of tectonic deformation through accurate capture of micro-geomorphic features. Over the past decade, the rapid development of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)technology has provided unprecedented opportunity to access high-precision topographic data(up to centimeter in vertical and horizontal directions). However, its relatively high cost and relatively complex data processing techniques limit its widespread application in the field of earth sciences. In recent years, with the continuous innovation and advancement of topographic measurement technology, the three-dimensional structure of motion reconstruction technology(Structure from Motion, SfM)has gradually been introduced into the field of digital topographic photogrammetry due to its rapid advantage in providing quick, convenient and cost-effective methods for obtaining high-density geospatial point data. This method thus shows great potential for providing high resolution topographic data with comparable resolution and precision. Therefore, with the acquisition of more and more high-resolution terrain data in recent years, it is an important development trend to explore automated or semi-automated quantitative geomorphological analysis methods. R language, as an excellent programming language, has not been used in the geology and geomorphology, although is widely applied in medicine and meteorology based on its powerful capability of statistician and graphic visualization. In this paper, we focus on the Yellow River multi-terraces formed to the east of the Mijia Shan, which belongs to the Jingtai-Hasi Shan segment of the Haiyuan Fault. With the analysis and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data collected from the SfM in the environment of the R language, we implement the semiautomatic classification and mapping of the Yellow River multi-terraces. The method identifies 20 terraces with different elevation. Our results also imply that the younger terraces have better continuity and elongation, and the older terraces have more deformation, which can be demonstrated from their gradually notable semi-parabolic shape. Besides this, it also suggests the diverse evolution stages of the Yellow River terraces. Our study indicates that R language is expected to become an efficient tool of statistics and visualization of the high-resolution topographic data.  相似文献   

东南及沿海地震数据资源信息服务系统     

翁少林  陈晓发 《华南地震》2006,26(3):103-108

地震数据资源信息检索的不便和交流的缺乏,使研究者不能充分得到地震资料,影响了对地震科学的研究,所以有必要加快地震数据网络间的共享,建立专门的地震数据资源信息服务系统。以东南及沿海地震数据资源信息服务系统为例,从系统的体系结构、功能模块、具体设计等方面探讨了如何建立系统,实现地震数据的共享。  相似文献   

Probabilistic assessment of structural operational efficiency in emergency limit conditions: the I.OPà.CLE method     

Mauro Dolce  Elena Speranza  Flavio Bocchi  Chiara Conte 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):3791-3818

One major issue in the aftermath of a strong earthquake is the emergency management, which cannot be guaranteed if the physical components necessary for the operability of the contingency plan are either damaged, unusable or inaccessible. In order to assess the physical efficiency of the emergency system on which a contingency plan is based, the I.OPà.CLE method (Indices for evaluation of the Operational efficiency of Limit Condition Emergency) has been set up by the Italian Civil Protection Department. It is basically aimed at supporting civil protection decision makers in evaluating emergency systems and establishing strategies and priorities concerning strengthening interventions at national, regional or municipality level. The method must be potentially applied to any of the around 8000 municipalities all over Italy, and then it must refer to a minimum information dataset readily available for any municipality. Therefore, I.OPà.CLE has been specifically tailored for the minimum standard information that is provided by the analysis of Limit Condition for Emergency, as formulated in 2012 by the Italian Civil Protection Department. This analysis defines the standard framework of the physical layout of a municipal seismic emergency plan, relying on a limited number of information. Notwithstanding the numerically extensive target and limited amount of information available, the ambition of I.OPà.CLE is to perform simplified analyses without renouncing to rigor in the methodology. The present paper illustrates the analytic formulation of I.OPà.CLE and its capabilities, as well as two real examples. In the conclusion, future upgrading of the model are discussed, even in relation to the availability of further pieces of information.  相似文献   

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000     

YE QingHua  CHEN ShenLiang  HUANG Chong  XUE YunChuan  TIAN GuoLiang  CHEN ShuPeng  SHI YaNan  LIU QingSheng  LIU GaoHuan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(10)

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes: (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".  相似文献   

Is Earthquake Seismology a Hard, Quantitative Science?     

Y. Y. Kagan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,155(2-4):233-258

—Our purpose is to analyze the causes of recent failures in earthquake forecasting, as well as the difficulties in earthquake investigation. We then propose that more rigorous methods are necessary in earthquake seismology research. First, we discuss the failures of direct earthquake forecasts and the poor quantitative predictive power of theoretical and computer simulation methods in explaining earthquakes. These failures are due to the immense complexity of earthquake rupture phenomena and lack of rigor in the empirical analysis of seismicity. Given such conditions, neither "holistic," interdisciplinary analysis of geophysical data nor greater reliance on the currently available results of earthquake physics is likely to work without revising scientific methodology. We need to develop more rigorous procedures for testing proposed patterns of earthquake occurrence and comparing them to predictions of theoretical and computer modeling. These procedures should use methods designed in physics and other sciences to formulate hypotheses and carry out objective validation. Since earth sciences study a unique object, new methods should be designed to obtain reliable and reproducible results. It is likely that the application of sophisticated statistical methods will be needed.  相似文献   

高精度地球物理学是创新未来的必然发展轨迹   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

滕吉文 《地球物理学报》2021,64(4):1131-1144

地球物理学在整个地球科学研究与探索中占有重要地位,突破该领域以描述、推断为主体的框架,并逐步向量化或半量化前进确为必然.地球物理学逐步向高精度升华乃深化理解各有关科学问题的时代需求.基于物理学概念,从定义出发促使多学科交叉和不断创新,是地球物理学能否抢占地球科学制高点的核心所在.为此,真正意义上的高精度观测、高分辨率的数据采集和精细结构的刻画构成了高精度地球物理学的基石,是深化理解地球科学中有关壳幔形成、演化问题的深层次的内核.本文通过较系统地分析和研究提出,(1)地球科学研究进程中的定性描述和依据于浅表层过程与现象的推断有待突破;(2)夯实与把握基础科学理论是高精度地球物理学捕获真谛的“钥匙”;(3)高精度地球物理学是深化认识地球本体和逼近彼岸的基石.  相似文献   

Temporal Scaling Analytical Method to Identify Multi-Fractionality in Groundwater Head Fluctuations     

Lin Yuan  HongGuang Sun  Yong Zhang  YouKuan Zhang  Xiufen Gu  Shawn Dawley 《Ground water》2019,57(3):485-491

Natural dynamics such as groundwater head fluctuations may exhibit multi-fractionality, likely caused by multi-scale aquifer heterogeneity and other controlling factors, whose statistics requires efficient quantification methods. As a scaling exponent, the Hurst exponent can describe the temporal correlation or multifractal behavior in groundwater level fluctuation processes. However, the scaling behavior may change with time under natural conditions, likely due to the non-stationary evolution of internal and external conditions, which cannot be characterized by traditional methods using a single or several scaling exponents for the complex features of the overall process. This methods note quantifies the multi-fractionality using the timescale local Hurst exponent (TS-LHE) and then proposes a systematic statistical method to analyze groundwater head fluctuations. Time series of daily groundwater level fluctuations from three wells located in the lower Mississippi valley are analyzed, after removing the seasonal cycle, which leads to transient TS-LHE, implying multi-fractionality and multifractal-scaling behavior that changes with time and location. Therefore, the temporal scaling analysis proposed here may provide useful and quantitative information to understand the nature of dynamic hydrologic systems.  相似文献