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1.
A comparative geochemical study of rare-metal granitoids with various fluorine-bearing minerals (fluorite, topaz, and cryolite) was carried out. It was shown that these rocks correspond to both plumasitic and agpaitic geochemical types. The fluorite-, topaz-, and cryolite-bearing granites of these geochemical types are distinctly different in geochemical parameters and the character of magmatic evolution. These differences are related to the composition of initial magmas and their sources. Rare-metal granitoids with fluorine-bearing minerals compose small massifs, stocks, and dike swarms. Their formation is independent of the composition and age of the country rocks or geologic structures where they occur. Original Russian Text ? V.S. Antipin, E.A. Savina, M.A. Mitichkin, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 10, pp. 1040–1052.  相似文献   

2.
Micrometer-sized inclusions in dark gray diamond crystals of octahedral habit from Yakutian kimberlites were studied by analytical scanning electron microscopy and analytical transmission electron microscopy. In addition to peridotite-suite silicate inclusions (enstatie and olivine), which were previously studied in detail as macroinclusions in perfect diamond crystals, there are abundant inclusions of native metals (Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Ti intermetallic compounds and metallic Fe), sulfides (Fe-Ni sulfide, polydymite, and chalcopyrite), and carbonates (calcite). Rare grains of ilmenite, fluorite, apatite, zircon, phlogopite, and some other minerals were also found. The gray and black colors of diamonds were previously attributed to the presence of graphite. Although this phase was identified in the electron diffraction patterns of all the samples, its content was very low. Microinclusions of induced octahedral morphology composed of intimate enstatite-calcite intergrowths were also found. Possible deep processes responsible for the formation of diamonds with such a peculiar inclusion association are discussed in light of new data on experimental synthesis. Original Russian Text ? S.V. Titkov, A.I. Gorshkov, N.G. Zudin, I.D. Ryabchikov, L.O. Magazina, A.V. Sivtsov, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 11, pp. 1209–1217.  相似文献   

3.
The application of the principle and algorithm of the cluster analysis of rock compositions in magmatic complexes, which were described elsewhere, made it possible to reveal the spaceless and spatial geochemical structure of the Yoko-Dovyren layered mafic-ultramafic massif. The diversity of rocks composing this intrusion was demonstrated to comprise eleven discrete geochemical types (clusters): dunites, harzburgites, melanotroctolites, troctolites, two types of olivine gabbro, two types of olivine gabbronorites, quartz gabbronorites, and granophyres. These geochemical types of rocks and the corresponding fractionation parameters (the iron atomic fraction f of mafic minerals and the anorthite concentration An of plagioclase) define a succession corresponding to the tendencies in the crystallization of a magma of respective composition. This geochemical succession is in complete agreement with the succession in which rocks were formed in the intrusion (from dunite in its bottom part to quartz gabbronorites and granophyres near its roof) and is complicated by cyclical repetitions. The main tendency revealed in the cyclic layering is as follows: cyclical intercalations consist of rocks corresponding to the neighboring members of the rock succession (plagiodunites and melanotroctolites, melanotroctolites and troctolites, troctolites and olivine gabbro, olivine gabbro and olivine gabbronorites). These tendencies are closely similar to those identified in the Kivakka intrusion, a fact suggesting that these tendencies can be common for all layered complexes of mafic and ultramafic rocks. Original Russian Text ? A.A. Yaroshevskii, S.V. Bolikhovskaya, E.V. Koptev-Dvornikov, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 10, pp. 1027–1039.  相似文献   

4.
The solubility of chlorargyrite, AgClcr, was experimentally studied in NaCl solutions (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 m) as a function of the concentration of boric acid (up to 5 m) at 70–300°C and saturated water vapor pressure. The experimental data indicated the existence of the chloroborate species B(OH)3Cl−. The published data on the thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes in the B-Na-Cl-O-H system were analyzed. The obtained HKF parameters of aqueous species can be used to calculate equilibria in the system up to 350°C. Original Russian Text ? N.N. Akinfiev, M.V. Voronin, A.V. Zotov, V.Yu. Prokof’ev, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 937–949.  相似文献   

5.
The genesis and composition of lazurite was considered in the metasomatic rocks and deposits of the Baikal area, Pamirs, Hindu Kush, and other regions. It was shown that formation of lazurite is related to the prograde bimetasomatic or contact-metasomatic magnesian skarn processes developing in dolomites. The skarnized sedimentary or metamorphic rocks should be salt-bearing, contain sulfur-bearing minerals, and be affected by Cl-bearing hydrothermal solutions. Both abyssal and hypabyssal skarn bodies show distinct zoning. Depending on the PT parameters, their metasomatic columns can vary, with the preservation of the Mg/Ca ratio from the carbonate precursor. The formation of contact-metasomatic lazurite mineralization is promoted by high-alkali magmatic solutions, which cause the replacement of dolomites by skarn. Lazurite can also be formed during the postmagmatic stage, owing to a change in the mineral composition of the adjacent aluminosilicate and magnesian-skarn rocks at abyssal and hypabyssal deposits around the world. The occurrence of authigenic lazurite emphasizes its polygenetic formation. Original Russian Text ? S.M. Aleksandrov, V.G. Senin, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 10, pp. 1053–1067.  相似文献   

6.

7.
The geographical tasks of the Programme are determined by the essence of the geographical approach to the study of global changes of the geosphere-biosphere system. In a generalized form this approach aims at the resolving of two types of questions: a) what local and regional processes and phenomena, in which way and in what degree influence the global geosphere-biosphere system: b) in what regions the current or expected global changes will most likely manifest themselves and what will be the consequences. These questions can be solved by geographers because geographers accumulated empirical and theoretical concepts on the spatial and temporal structure of the geosphere system, which is the focus of the interaction between atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and human society with its economic activity.The present paper is a result of team work. The authors therefore would like to extent their sincere thanks to Yu. P. Badenkov, A. A. Velichko, A. N. Gennadiev, N. F. Glasowski, S. P. Gorshkov, O. V. Gritsai, R. I. Zlotin, G. V. Ioffe, N. S. Kasimov, A. N. Krenke, A. F. Manych, S. M. Myagkov, V. S. Preobrazhensky, Yu. G. Puzachenko, A. B. Savchenko and G. V. Sdasyuk for their contribution to that paper.  相似文献   

8.
Review Section     
Nalivkin, D. V., BRIEF ESSAY ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE U. S. S. R. Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow 1957, 144 p. A review by Eugene A. Alexandrov, Columbia University.  相似文献   

9.
Holocene vegetation and environment in Bulgaria. Bozilova, E. & Tonkov, S. (eds.)
History of lakes in northern Eurasia. Treshnikov, A. F. & Rumyantsev, V. A. (ed.)  相似文献   

10.
The formational and metallogenic affiliation of the alkaline ultramafic rocks of the Arkhangel’sk diamondiferous province and the adjacent areas of the northern East European platform were analyzed using recent concepts on the structure of the formational and metallogenic family of kimberlites and related rocks, petrogeochemical criteria, and discriminant diagrams based on reference associations. It was shown that the alkaline ultramafic magmatism of the Arkhangel’sk province belongs to various formations, which is typical of the provinces of ancient craton margins. In addition to diamondiferous kimberlites, the area hosts abundant low-grade diamondiferous kimpicrites and alpicrites, which are typically associated with rare-metal carbonatites. Significant petrogeochemical differences were detected between the diamondiferous kimberlites of the Arkhangel’sk province and the kimberlites of the classic Central Yakutian diamondiferous province. This allowed us to consider the rocks of the Arkhangel’sk province as a specific geochemical type of diamondiferous kimberlites. Original Russian Text ? A.V. Lapin, E.M. Verichev, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 834–854.  相似文献   

11.
A possible mechanism of the ascent of material within the Earth’s crust and mantle is the mechanism of hydroextrusion, i.e., the effect of squeezing of material under excess pressure. The major factors that predetermine the high plasticity of the material and its ability to produce hydroextrusions are high lithostatic pressures and temperatures. The phenomenon of hydroextrusion can be most clearly illustrated by the example of the origin of salt diapirs. The driving force of hydroextrusions of material in the crust and mantle is excess pressure, which can result from lateral differences between the densities of rocks (as is the case during the development of salt diapirs) and phase transitions associated with a volume increase. When the material of the upper mantle undergoes partial melting with the derivation of basaltic melts at depths of 60–100 km, excess pressures reach 80 MPa, whereas the plasticity limit of 20% melted rocks is no higher than 5 MPa. As a result, the partially molten material is forced from the melting region toward zones with lower lithostatic pressures. A local temperature increase in the transitional zones in the Earth’s mantle at positive dP/dT values of the phase transitions also gives rise to excess pressures, whose values can range from 100 to 800 MPa at a 0.5–3.0% volume change and which can be the driving force during the origin of mantle plumes. Original Russian Text ? V.N. Anfilogov, Yu.V. Khachai, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 873–878.  相似文献   

12.
Review Section     
Yakzhin, A. A., RELATIONSHIPS IN FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FLUORITE DEPOSITS IN ZABAYKAL'YA, Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow, 1962.1 250 pp; 78 figs (tectonic map of the territory), 25 tables, references. (NK 62-24(54)).2 A review by V. P. Sokoloff.

FOLDED DEFORMATIONS IN THE EARTH'S CRUST, THEIR TYPES, AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT, Collected Papers, The O. Yu. Shmidt Memorial Institute of Earth's Physics, Moscow, 1962.1 335 pp; 16 articles, 143 figs. (including 25 photographs), 6 tables, references. (K 488).2 A review by V. P. Sokoloff.

PROBLEMS IN PETROGRAPHY AND MINERALOGY OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM AND OF THE VERKHOYANSK-CHUKOTKA FOLDED REGION, Transactions of the Yakutian Branch of the Siberian Division, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Collected Papers, no. 11, Moscow, 19621. 139 pp; 9 articles, 67 figs. (including 39 photographs), 25 tables, references (N1(62-24(39)).2 A review by V. P. Sokoloff.

PHYSICAL METHODS IN RESEARCH ON SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AND MINERALS, Proceedings of the first All-Union Conference on Physical Methods in Research on Sedimentary Rocks and Minerals, Committee on Sedimentary Rocks at the Division of Geological and Geographical Sciences, Moscow, 1962.1 26 articles, 98 figs. (including 27 photographs), 33 tables, references. (K 503).2 A review by V. P. Sokoloff.  相似文献   

13.
Milashev, V. A., Fiziko-khimicheskiye usloviya obrazovaniya kimberlitov [PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF KIMBERLITES]: Edited by V. V. Dolivo- Dobrovol'skiy. NIIGArk MG SSSR, Izd-vo Nedra, Leningrad, 1972. 176 pp., 29 tables, 28 figs., 47 equations, 189 refs. NK 71– 29(49)

Fleyshman, S. M., Sell [MUDFLOWS]: Gidrometeoizciat, Leningrad, 1970. 352 pp., 29 tables, 95 figs., 79 refs. NK 69–44(68).

Savkevich, S. S., Yantar' [AMBER]; lzd-vo Nedra, Leningrad, 1970. 192 pp., 20 tables, 46 figs., 261 refs. NK 70–14(45).

Chernysheva, Z. S., Dolina Volgi i rel'yef Povolzh'ya v apsheronskoye vremya [THE VOLGA VALLEY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AREA IN APSHERONIAN TIME]: Institute of Geography, AN SSSR. Izd-vo Nauka, 1970. 152 pp., 6 tables, 23 figs., 152 refs. NK 70(34)–78.  相似文献   

14.
Hydrochemical study had been carried out on the groundwater resources of Potharlanka Island, Krishna delta, India. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at 42 sites in December 2001 and October 2006. A comparative study of hydrochemical data indicates: groundwater is mildly alkaline with a pH of 7.0–8.2; electrical conductivity (EC) varies from 605 to 5,770 μS/cm in December 2001, and 652–5,310 μS/cm in October 2006. More than 62% of the groundwater samples in 2006 have TDS value <2,000 mg/l, which is within permissible limit of potable water, but 57% of the samples in 2001, are higher than the maximum permissible limit. Extremely low HCO3/Cl and variable high Mg/Ca (molar ratios) had been indicated the transformation of the fresh groundwater aquifer systems to saline in 2001. Groundwater of this Island is mainly classified as Na–Cl and mixed types. A high percentage of Na–Cl type of these waters indicates the possibility of seawater ingression/intrusion process during 2001 and comparatively mixed water type indicates the dilution activities of groundwater. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater has caused the increase of saline water intrusion. Improvement of groundwater quality in this Island due to artificial recharge structures made by NGRI under RGNDWM project and affects of the flood due to heavy rainfall of the months of September–October 2005 are discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper we describe the mineralogy and geochemistry of basanites and melt inclusions in minerals from the Tergesh pipe, northern Minusinsk Depression. The rocks are composed of olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts and a groundmass of olivine, clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, plagioclase, apatite, ilmenite, and glass. Melt inclusions were found only in the olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Primary melt inclusions in olivine contain glass, rh?nite, clinopyroxene, a sulfide globule, and low-density fluid. The phase composition of melt inclusions in clinopyroxene is glass + low-density fluid ± xenogenous magnetite. According to thermometric investigations, the olivine phenocrysts began crystallizing at T = 1280–1320°C and P > 3.5 kbar, whereas groundmass minerals were formed under near-surface conditions at T ≤ 1200°C. The oxygen fugacity gradually changed during basanite crystallization from oxidizing (NNO) to more reducing conditions (QFM). The investigation of glass compositions (heated and unheated inclusions in phenocrysts and groundmass) showed that the evolution of a basanite melt during its crystallization included mainly an increase in SiO2, Al2O3, and alkalis, while a decrease in femic components, and the melt composition moved gradually toward tephriphonolite and trachyandesite. Geochemical evidence suggests that the primary basanite melt was derived from a mantle source affected by differentiation. Original Russian Text ? T.Yu. Timina, V.V. Sharygin, A.V. Golovin, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 814–833.  相似文献   

16.
On the basis of bathymetric and seismic data, obtained during cruises 37 (2005) and 41 (2006) of R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentiev, a new structural scheme of transverse faults in the forearc of the Central Kuril Islands was compiled, the fault kinematics was studied, and a model of the extension zone in the structural pattern of the study area was proposed. According to this model, the trench rollback and development of back-arc basins resulted from the continuous supply of material into the upper mantle convection cell owing to subduction and an increase in the dynamic pressure that pushes the subducting plate, causing it to migrate toward the ocean.  相似文献   

17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1264-1270
Beus, A. A. Geokhimiya litosfery [GEOCHEMISTRY OF LITHOSPHERE: ROCK-FORMING ELEMENTS]: Izd-vo Nedra, Moscow, 1972. 296 pp., 199 tables, 27 figs., 336 refs. Received from author September 22, 1972.

Svyaz' poverkhnostnykh struktur zemnoy kory s glubinnymi [RELATION BETWEEN SURFICIAL AND ABYSSAL STRUCTURES IN TERREST1AL CRUST]: Reports given at Symposium in Kiev (1968). Forty-nine papers by 86 authors. V. V. Beloussov and S.I. Subbotin, Chief Editors. Izd-vo Nauka, Kiev, 1971. 372 pp., 34 tables, 130 figs., 705 refs. Table of Contents and summaries in English.

Dvorov, I. M., Glubinnoye teplo Zemli [ABYSSAL HEAT OF THE EARTH]. Seriya “Nastoyashcheye i budushcheye chelovechestva” [“PRESENT AND FUTURE OF MANKIND” SERIES]: Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow, 1972. 208 pp., 11 tables, 49 figs., 78 refs. Received from author August 2, 1972. NK 71-47(123).

Sagunov, V. G., Geologiya agronomicheskikh rud Kazakhstana [GEOLOGY OF AGRONOMIC ORES IN KAZAKHSTAN]: AN Kaz. SSR, Izd-vo Nauka, Alma-Ata, 1971. 192 pp., 19 tables, 32 figs., 120 refs. NK 70-50(59).

Yushko, S. A., Metody laboratornogo issledovaniya rud [METHODS FOR LABORATORY STUDIES OF ORES]: 4th edition, revised and enlarged. lzd-vo Nedra. Moscow, 1971. 344 pp., 25 tables, 74 figs., 104 refs. NK 70-24(33).

Voprosy geologii i magmatizma Urala [PROBLEMS OF GEOLOGY AND MAGMATISM OF URAL]: Transactions of First Uralian Conference of Young Geologists and Geophysicists. Forty-nine papers by 72 authors. S. N. Ivanov, Executive Editor. UF1GiG AN SSSR, Sverdlovsk, 1970. 284 pp., 34 tables, 79 figs., 243 refs. NK 69-22(27).

Gorzhevskiy, D.I., and ten co-authors, Geologiya i zakonomernosti razmeshcheniya endogennykh mestorozhdeniy Zabaykal eya [GEOLOGY AND RELATIVE POSITIONS OF ENDOGENIC ORE DEPOSITS IN ZABAYKAL'YE]: Izd-vo Nedra, Moscow, 1970. 232 pp., 15 tables, 26 figs., 197 refs. NK 69-21(33). By. Dr. V.P. Sokoloff.  相似文献   

18.
Review Section     
Teodorovich, G. I., A CONTRIBUTION ON THE ORIGIN OF LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES1 Transactions of. the Petroleum Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vol. V, 1955 Translated by Mark Burgunker.

Strakhov, N. M., Brodskaya, N. G., Knyaseva, L. M., Razzhivina, A. N. Rateev, M. A., Sapozhnikiv, D. G., and E. S. Shishova. FORMATION OF SEDIMENTS IN RECENT BASINS: A symposium, Moscow, 1954. 791pp. A review by George V. Chilingar, University of Southern California.  相似文献   

19.
Review Section     
Belousov, V. V., FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF TECTONICS1, The State Geology and Conservation Publishing House, Moscow, 1954, 606 pp. A Review by Mark Burgunker.

Nalivkin, D. V., A STUDY OF FACIES: THE ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION 1, The Department of Geologic-Geographic Sciences, the Academy of Science of the USSR. Moscow and Leningrad, 1956, vol. I, 534 pp.; vol. II, 393 pp. A Review by Mark Burgunker.

Strakhov, N. M. , Brodskaya, N. G. , Knyaseva, L. M., Razzhivina, A. N., Rateev, M. A., Sapozhnikiv, D. G., and E. S. Shishova. , FORMATION OF SEDIMENTS IN RECENT BASINS: A symposium, Moscow 1954. 791 pp. A review by George V. Chilingar, University of Southern California1.  相似文献   

20.
A method of asynchronous accumulation of signals is described in this pamphlet, its theoretical basis is given and circuit diagrams of various modifications of such devices are cited together with the results of their application in radar, radio-astronomy, geophysics and other fields of science and engineering. Systems for seismic detection and for deep probing of the earth's core are described in detail. — V. S. Voyutskiy.  相似文献   

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