共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Arnold H. Bouma 《Geo-Marine Letters》1987,7(2):63-67
Terminology should facilitate communication; however, inaccuracies can lead to misunderstanding; new and revived terms normally add to the confusion. Megaturbidite is a rather common term in Europe used to identify a thick, extensive deposit from an exceptionally large mass flow. Their grain size can vary from large blocks to clay size.If the term megaturbidite is used, is should be restricted to layers that: (1) are thick compared to the host rock; (2) are laterally extensive; (3) differ in composition from the host rock; and (4) lack submarine fan geometries. They are excellent markers for stratigraphic and seismic correlations, and useful in basin analyses. 相似文献
2.
Robert Bourrouilh 《Geo-Marine Letters》1987,7(2):69-81
The Cretaceous north Pyrenean interplate basin developed in conjunction with the opening of the Bay of Biscay with the deposition of large amounts of carbonates on its margins. Major failures of linear segments of the shelf and slope generated autosuspended mass flows; some of these flows differentiated orevolved into megaturbidites that are up to 63 m thick and 95 km long. A study of the evolutionary mass flow-megaturbidites also has application to petroleum geology because it can help to detail the anatomy of a basin and its related distribution of sedimentary bodies and paleoenvironments. 相似文献
3.
Facies types and depositional models for thick gravity-flow deposits are inferred from Cretaceous Pyrenean examples occurring in different sedimentary settings: basin-plain during relative low sea level stand; slope-apron or deep valleys during relative sea level rise; and slope during relative sea level rise. The depositional units are interpreted as debrites, debrite-turbidite couplets, and megaturbidites. They are a function of transport distance and hydraulic jump by liquefaction and phase separation in large subaqueous flows. 相似文献
4.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2003,20(6-8):711-726
Detailed bed-by-bed correlations in sheetlike lobes and basin-plain elements of the Hecho Group were carried out through a hierarchical decomposition based on three orders of correlation. This procedure provides the most detailed correlation framework with chronostratigraphic significance. First-order decomposition is based on physical correlation by mapping of major megaturbidites. Second-order decomposition consists in matching a series of marker beds within first-order units, leading to the definition of units several metres thick. Finally, third-order decomposition relies on the matching of serial features within second-order packages (number, vertical arrangement and facies features of beds), and further testing the coherence of the downstream evolution of facies in single beds. Sheetlike lobes and basin plain are closely related and display a distinctive sheet-like geometry. Basin-plain beds are deposited by the same flows that build the sheetlike lobes, with the existence of a transitional facies change from the lobe to the basin-plain. Thickening of some beds towards the basin plain due to ponding of the fine-grained (silt and mud) divisions, a diagnostic feature of the basin plain, controls the sheet-like stacking pattern by balancing the wedging-out of thinner lobe beds upcurrent from, or within, the basin plain. As a consequence, the whole area can be geomorphically classified as a basin plain, which comprises both lobe and basin plain facies associations. 相似文献
5.
沉积物中碳酸盐(方解石和白云石)测定方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究河流和浅海陆架沉积物中的碳酸盐成因和生成环境,探讨河流和陆架沉积物中碳酸盐含量的影响因素和测定方法。结果表明,沉积物中碳酸盐含量明显受沉积物粒度组成和物源的影响。1mol/LHAc lmol/LNaAc(在沸水浴加热30min),0.3mol/LHAc(室温下5h)和1mol/LHCl(室温下2h)分别做碳酸盐相 离子交换相的浸取液,lmol/LNaAc(在沸水浴加热30min)做离子交换相的浸取液,然后用ICP-AES测得浸取液中Ca和Mg离子含量,差减法计算样品碳酸盐相中Ca,Mg离子和碳酸盐含量。其中前两者与第四种相结合的方法,都能得到河流沉积物碳酸盐相中的Ca离子含量。而第三种方法,即1mol/LHCl(室温下2h),破坏了沉积物中的粘土矿物,不能用来作为沉积物碳酸盐相 离子交换相中Ca和Mg离子的浸取液。与使用ICP-AES测定离子含量计算得出的碳酸盐含量的方法相比较,容量法是1种操作简单、花费低廉且有效的方法。 相似文献
6.
7.
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷碳酸盐岩潜山储层特征与主控因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷已发现多个碳酸盐岩潜山油田和含油构造，运用岩心、薄片、钻井、测井、地震等资料，对石炭系碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素进行了综合分析。研究认为涠西南凹陷碳酸盐潜山主要分布在一号断裂带至二号断裂带附近，其中一号断裂带碳酸盐岩潜山主要为上石炭统黄龙组，岩性为浅灰色灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩互层，沉积微相以碳酸盐台地-台缘生屑灰岩滩为主，发育裂缝、溶孔、溶洞等储集空间；二号断裂带碳酸盐岩潜山主要为下石炭统下部石磴子段、孟公拗段，岩性为灰色、深灰色灰岩，沉积微相以台内灰岩滩沉积和台缘生屑灰岩滩为主，发育良好的裂缝型储集层。碳酸盐岩潜山储层发育程度主要受碳酸盐岩沉积环境、地下水活动、古构造应力以及潜山上覆地层岩性等内因和外因诸多因素影响，在这些因素共同作用下，涠西南凹陷碳酸盐岩潜山发育孔隙、裂缝、溶洞等多种储集空间，具备良好的储集条件。 相似文献
8.
黄河河口段与海河河口段沉积物碳酸盐对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用筛析-沉降法对黄河系及海河系沉积物进行了粒度特征分析,黄河系沉积物以极细砂-粗粉砂为主,分选性中等,粒度分布正偏,峰态曲线尖窄;海河系沉积物以细粉砂为主,分选性较差,粒度分布正偏,峰态曲线较平缓。测定黄河系及海河系沉积物碳酸盐的粒度百分含量及碳酸盐加权粒度百分含量,结果表明:黄河系沉积物碳酸盐粒度百分含量加权平均值为11.36%,细砂碳酸盐粒度百分含量较高(15.24%),随粒度越细波动式降低后逐步增加,并在黏土富集,达20.67%;海河系沉积物中碳酸盐粒度百分含量加权平均值为15.05%,比黄河系略高,呈两端高中间低不对称鞍形粒度分布。黄河系与海河系碳酸盐粒度百分含量受粒度控制,对全样碳酸盐贡献最大的粒度黄河系为粗粉砂,海河系为细粉砂。黄河系全岩碳酸盐平均粒度百分含量与马兰黄土相近,与黄渤海泥质区相当,表明黄河沉积物的主要来源是马兰黄土,黄河在沉积物搬运过程中对黄土碳酸盐没有明显改造,黄河沉积物黏土组分是黄渤海泥质区沉积物高碳酸盐的主要影响因素。 相似文献
9.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(2):271-293
Mass fluxes of diatom opal, planktonic foraminifera carbonate and coccolithophorid carbonate were measured with time-series sediment traps at six sites in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIOT). The above fluxes were related to regional variations in salinity, temperature and nutrient distribution. Annual fluxes of diatom opal range between 3 and 28 g m−2 yr−1, while planktonic foraminifera carbonate fluxes range between 6 and 23 g m−2 yr−1 and coccolithophorid carbonate fluxes range between 4 and 24 g m−2 yr−1. Annual planktonic foraminifera carbonate to coccolithophorid carbonate ratios range between 0.8 and 2.2 and coccolithophorid carbonate to diatom opal ratios range between 0.5 and 3.3.In the western Arabian Sea, coccolithophorids are the major contributors to biogenic flux during periods of low nutrient concentrations. Coccolithophorid carbonate fluxes decrease and planktonic foraminiferal carbonate and diatom opal fluxes increase when nutrient-rich upwelled waters are advected over the trap site. In the oligotropic eastern Arabian Sea, coccolithophorid carbonate fluxes are high throughout the year. Planktonic foraminiferal carbonate fluxes are the major contributors to biogenic flux in the EIOT. In the northern and central Bay of Bengal, when surface salinity values drop sharply during the SW monsoon, there is a drastic reduction in planktonic foraminiferal carbonate fluxes, but coccolithophorid carbonate and diatom opal fluxes remain steady or continue to increase. Distinctly higher annual molar Sibio/Cinorg (>1) and Corg/Cinorg (>1.5) ratios are observed in the northern and central Bay of Bengal mainly due to lower foraminiferal carbonate production as a result of sharp salinity variations. We can thus infer that the enhanced freshwater supply from rivers should increase oceanic CO2 uptake. Its silicate supply favours the production of diatoms while the salinity drop produces conditions unfavourable for most planktonic foraminifera species. 相似文献
10.
This work illustrates the evolution the Lower Jurassic shallow-water carbonates known as the Calcare Massiccio Formation in the Central Apennines (Italy). The Calcare Massiccio is characterized by lateral and vertical variability in the facies associations, related to an articulated physiography of the Triassic to Lower Jurassic carbonate platform and to its tectonic evolution. This work documents the depositional environment changes during the platform evolution. Quantitative analysis on samples collected from three stratigraphic sections were performed through the Calcare Massiccio succession allowed up to the overlying Pliensbachian pelagites. Two type of carbonate sedimentation have been recognized: in the peritidal and shallow subtidal environments (Calcare Massiccio A) the carbonate production is dominated by microbial activity, while the carbonate sedimentation in a deeper environment of middle to outer ramp (Calcare Massiccio B), is dominated by a bioclastic sedimentation.The evolution from the Calcare Massiccio A to the B can be interpreted as the product of increase of accommodation that in turn produced a backstepping of carbonate facies belt, the photic microbial dominated peritidal facies developed on the persistent Latium-Abruzzi Platform while the bioclastic carbonate production factory settled on the structural highs resulting from the dismembering of the platform by syn-sedimentary tectonic.The bioclastic carbonate factory was not efficient in filling the available accommodation space produced by Sinemurian extensional tectonic. This inefficiency was amplified by the restricted area available for this factory in the small structural highs. These conditions were sufficient to predispose the platform to the drowning without invoke change in the trophic resource or change in the palaeoceanography. 相似文献
11.
YANG Weifeng CHEN Min CAO Jianping QIU Yusheng ZHANG Run MA Qiang TONG Jinlu YANG Junhong YANG Zhi L&#; E 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(2):45-53
Thorium-234 and particle composition (organic matter, biogenic silica, carbonate and lithogenic component) were examined in the East China Sea (ECS) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) in order to constrain the particle types scavenging thorium isotopes. Good positive correlations between particulate organic matter (POM) or carbonate and thorium-234 in suspended particulate matter (SPM) indicates that POM and carbonate are efficient to scavenge thorium-234. No relationship between biogenic silica and thorium-234 suggests that geochemical behavior of thorium-234 may be not influenced by biogenic silica. A simple model was used to evaluate the affinity of thorium-234 to different particle components. The results show that POM is the most efficient scavenger for thorium-234 in the ECS and the NSCS, followed by carbonate. The authors'' results lend support to the utility of thorium-234 as a proxy of POC and carbonate in the upper layer. However, the strong dependence of thorium scavenging on particle composition challenges thorium-230 as a constant flux proxy. 相似文献
12.
C. Rabouille H. Stahl F. Bassinot A. Tengberg J. Brunnegard P. Hall K. Kiriakoulakis J. -L. Reyss L. Dezileau P. Crassous P. Roos R. S. Lampitt 《Progress in Oceanography》2001,50(1-4)
Fluxes contributing to the particulate carbonate system in deep-sea sediments were investigated at the BENGAL site in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (Northeast Atlantic). Deposition fluxes were estimated using sediment traps at a nominal depth of 3000 m and amounted to 0.37±0.1 mmol C m−2 d−1. Dissolution of carbonate was determined using flux of total alkalinity from in situ benthic chambers, is 0.4±0.1 mmol C m−2 d−1. Burial of carbonate was calculated from data on the carbonate content of the sediment and sedimentation rates from a model age based on 14C dating on foraminifera (0.66±0.1 mmol C m−2 d−1). Burial plus dissolution was three times larger than particle deposition flux which indicates that steady-state is not achieved in these sediments. Mass balances for other components (BSi, 210Pb), and calculations of the focusing factor using 230Th, show that lateral inputs play only a minor role in this imbalance. Decadal variations of annual particle fluxes are also within the uncertainty of our average. Long-term change in dissolution may contribute to the imbalance, but can not be the main reason because burial alone is greater than the input flux. The observed imbalance is thus the consequence of a large change of carbonate input flux which has occured in the recent past. A box model is used to check the response time of the solid carbonate system in these sediments and the time to reach a new steady-state is in the order of 3 kyr. Thus it is likely that the system has been perturbed recently and that large dissolution and burial rates reflect the previously larger particulate carbonate deposition rates. We estimate that particulate carbonate fluxes have certainly decreased by a factor of at least 3 and that this change has occurred during the last few centuries. 相似文献
13.
14.
渐新世花港组是东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷发育的最主要储层，基于普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜和荧光显微观察，结合同位素地球化学对东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷花港组砂岩储层的成岩作用、成岩序列及成岩流体演化进行了研究。结果表明，花港组砂岩储层目前处于中成岩阶段B期，主要经历了机械压实、绿泥石粘土摸、酸性及碱性溶蚀作用，石英次生加大，碳酸盐胶结和自生高岭石胶结等成岩作用。研究区发育有三期碳酸盐胶结物，早期菱铁矿胶结物，中期铁方解石和晚期铁白云石。根据碳酸盐胶结物的碳氧同位素特征分析认为早期碳酸盐胶结物是由过饱和的碱性湖水沉淀造成的，而晚期碳酸盐胶结物的形成与有机酸密切相关。研究区存在两类溶蚀作用，酸性溶蚀作用和碱性溶蚀作用，早期的酸性溶蚀作用主要是有机酸对长石、岩屑及早期碳酸盐胶结物的溶蚀，晚期的碱性溶蚀作用主要是发生于碱性环境下流体对石英及硅质胶结物的溶蚀。研究区发育有两期油气充注，早期发生于晚中新世，早期发生于晚中新世，早于中期碳酸盐胶结，晚于长石溶蚀和石英胶结充注，充注量较大，第四纪以来研究区发生了第二次充注，第二次充注发生于铁白云石胶结之后，此时储层已非常致密。 相似文献
15.
西非下刚果盆地为一典型被动大陆边缘含盐盆地,下刚果盆地北部海域在白垩系海相碳酸盐岩层系获得丰富油气发现。研究区海相碳酸盐岩领域油气勘探面临的核心瓶颈问题,即白垩系碳酸盐岩的沉积模式、演化规律、储层特征以及沉积储层发育控制因素。综合钻井、地震、区域地质等资料,分析认为自下向上相对海平面的上升控制了沉积演化,沉积体系演化模式为浅海碳酸盐岩台地→浅海混积陆棚→半深海-海底扇。下刚果盆地碳酸盐岩储层展布在纵向及平面上均可以划分为内中外3个储层发育带,碳酸盐岩储层最主要发育于下白垩统Albian阶下Sendji组。该时期研究区整体发育浅海碳酸盐岩混积缓坡台地沉积体系,沉积亚相可进一步划分为混积滨岸、后缓坡、浅水缓坡以及深水缓坡4种类型,其中浅水缓坡亚相颗粒滩微相与后缓坡亚相台内浅滩、砂质浅滩微相储层最为发育。碳酸盐岩储层岩性组合主要包括颗粒灰岩、砂岩、砂质灰岩、白云岩4种类型;储层发育主要受沉积相带的控制,并受成岩作用的影响。 相似文献
16.
Glacial-interglacial relationship between carbonate components and sediment reflectance in the North Atlantic 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A high-resolution composite sediment record from intermediate water depths in the North Atlantic, dating back to marine isotope stage (MIS) 13, was investigated in order to determine the relationship between sediment reflectance (gray level%) and carbonate content (weight%). For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the coarse (>20 µm) and fine (<20 µm) carbonate components was carried out to assess which of the two carbonate components drives glacial-interglacial changes in sediment gray level. The results indicate that the bulk carbonate component is clearly dominated by the fine carbonate fraction, regardless of glacial or interglacial climatic mode, suggesting that the sediment gray level is usually controlled by fluctuations of the fine carbonate content. However, a comparison of MIS 1 and 5.5 indicates that, besides this difference in the contents of the two carbonate size fractions, changing modes in carbonate preservation, i.e., the preservational state of planktonic Foraminifera, may also have a profound influence on total sediment reflectance. 相似文献
17.
Two genetically different types of authigenic carbonate mounds are studied: those within an active hydrothermal field related to serpentinite protrusions in the zone of intersection of a transform fracture zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and those in an active field of methane seepings in the Dnieper canyon of the Black sea. The general geochemical conditions under which authigenic carbonate formation occurs in the two fields considered were found. They include the presence of reduced H2S, H2, and CH4 gases at the absence of free oxygen; the high alkalinity of the waters participating in the carbonate formation; the similarity of the textural and structural features of authigenic aragonite, which represents the initial mineral of the carbonate matter of the mounds; the paragenesis of aragonite with sulfide minerals; and the close relation of carbonate mounds with communities of sulfate-reducing and methane-oxidizing microorganisms. A new mechanism of formation of hydrothermal authigenic carbonates is suggested; it implies their microbial sulfate reduction over the hydrogen of the fluid in the subsurface zone (biosphere) of mixing between the hydrothermal solution and the adjacent seawater. 相似文献
18.
Paolo Boccotti 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(13):1503-1507
Profiles of exceptionally large waves in wind seas were obtained using a gauge array that was nearly aligned in the dominant wave direction; the length of these profiles ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 times the dominant wavelength. The profiles were also obtained through calculations using the quasi-determinism theory from the datasets of the sea states. The possibility to observe waves in the space-time domain enables us to obtain a remarkable confirmation of the quasi-determinism theory. 相似文献
19.
Sea water samples were collected from various depths in the North Pacific (40–21°N) along 165°E in 1991. Their total carbonate (total dissolved carbonate species) contents were determined with random errors less than 0.2% by a coulometric method. The preformed carbonate contents defined by Chen (1982) were calculated from the obtained data and other observed data including potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity. The same calculation was done for the GEOSECS data obtained in nearly the same region in 1973. The difference between the two data sets reveals that the preformed carbonate has increased by 180±41 gC/m2 during the last 18 years. This value is comparable or somewhat larger than 150 gC/m2 obtained in the case that the ocean uptakes 3 GtC/yr for 18 years and distributes it equally among the world oceans. Based on the results, a hypothesis on the missing sink for the anthropogenic carbon dioxide is presented, in that the missing sink is the intermediate waters formed in the northern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean besides the deep waters formed in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. 相似文献