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1.
History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of China’s urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. China’s phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the Chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and Chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban China has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.  相似文献   

2.
The quality dimension of the urban living space was addressed much earlier abroad; nevertheless, it has not been studied in the Chinese academia up to date, as evidenced by the limited research literature. Through recourse to Rich BOYER‘s nine-factor theory, this study attempted to evaluate and rank 31 target cities, by using the data from the China Statistical Yearbook 2002. Our research results show that the quality of a city‘s living space is in positive correlation with its size, and that there will be changing demands for the quality of the urban living space as a result of future social, economic, sci-tech, cultural and educational developments, combined with the improvement of the overall quality of urban residents. Previous research was focused on the quality of food, housing, education, transportation and entertainment. However, with the development of the knowledge-economy, such factors as information accessibility, green environment, and air quality, will be major considerations in the quality evaluation of the urban living space.  相似文献   

3.
Urban internal structure is essential information for urban geography researchers and urban planners or managers. This research aims to examine the spatial structure changes of internal urban land use based on the interpreted datasets of 1984 and 2008. Spatio-temporal patterns of internal land use conversion and urban expansion are analyzed, and then dominant driving factors (e.g., social economy, population growth and urban planning) were identified. The results indicate that Beijing′s intra-urban layout has experienced tremendous adjustment from compact to disperse configure, otherwise its function objects have shifted from the major economic and industrial development before the 1990s to the combination with cultural, high-technological and inhabitable city at present. The dominant urban land use transformations include the relocation of industrial lands from core districts to suburban or other provinces, and the accelerating expansion of residential areas and green spaces for supplying the demand of housing and ecological protection. Although Beijing′s urban planning has experienced three major adjustments and improvement since the 1980s, its optimization of urban internal patterns still remains a challenge.  相似文献   

4.
The spatial distribution of urban population can reflect significantly urban functions and development status. Shenyang, as a typical old industrial city in China, has experienced considerable changes in spatial distribution of population in the process of urban transformation, resulting in the change of urban spatial structure. Based on the sub-district data of Chinese national population censuses in 1982, 1990 and 2000, this study simulates the evolution pattern of spatial distribution of urban population in Shenyang City. Using statistical method and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), we found that the population distribution, on the whole, has presented a balanced and decentralized trend since the 1980s, which characterizes with Chinese suburbanization. Furthermore, based on the investigation of the pattern of population distribution, it is concluded that the negative exponential model fitted the distribution best, and population concentration in the inner suburb kept increasing gradually, meanwhile, the spatial structure of population distribution has presented a polycentric feature since the 1980s. The parameters of the model show that population in the urban core concentrate significantly all the time. The increase of population in the inner suburb influences the population distribution pattern more and more importantly, but the concentration intensity of population cores in inner suburb is still low.  相似文献   

5.
微博签到是一种典型的基于位置的社交服务,反映出社交用户与城市公共空间的互动,海量的社交位置签到数据为城市研究提供了全新的视角。本文基于香港、深圳两个城市2014年1月至2015年1月时间段内的新浪微博签到数据,从签到数据空间特性、旅游热点分布和居民活动空间3个方面对城市空间进行了综合分析:空间相关性分析结果表明签到事件在城市空间的分布具有明显的聚集性,并根据空间扫描统计结果依次标识出签到事件高值聚集区;针对旅游类签到数据分析发现两城市旅游关注度的时间变化趋势一致且峰值与我国假期时间分布相吻合,旅游热点主要分布于城市中心地带;以签到事件的规模、强度和集聚程度作为居民活动的表征分析城市活动空间特征,结果表明居民活动的核心圈层受到传统行政区划影响但分布已初步呈现"多心开敞"的空间形态。  相似文献   

6.
Chinaˊs urban reforms have brought social progress and development,but a comprehensive national system of social welfare(for example,unemployment insurance,pensions,medical care and public housing)for new migrants from rural areas is lacking.One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in so-cial“equality“,with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society.Howev-er,there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants.Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums.This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy,which include mainly:1)accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects;2)ur-ban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy;3)to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty;4)to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology;5)to coordi-nate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijingˊs metropolitan fringe.  相似文献   

7.
By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980s and 1990s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then con- sidered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water re- sources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and envi- ronmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.  相似文献   

8.
ｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗａ…  相似文献   

9.
Even though the study of urban sociology in China is just a beginning, it doesn’t mean that urban social problems in China are new or simple. As a very sensitive field, urban residential community has not been deeply analysed before owing to various reasons. This article tries to start with the background of China’s social development and analyse the pattern, essence and evolution direction of China’s urban residential community which is in the course of transfer of social pattern. This article first analyzes the functional mechanism of seven main elements affecting Chinese urban residential community in the course of transfer of social pattern. Some of the elements come into being under the social economic background, with Chinese characteristics, and have a profound influence on urban residential community. Based on that, the author then respectively infers the evolution of four main patterns of urban residential communities in China now. Finally, it puts forward the basic principles of urban community development in the current transfer period in China, and with a development eyesight, it makes a summary of the general characteristics of the Chinese urban residential community in the future.  相似文献   

10.
As Chinese cities rapidly transformed themselves into consumerist societies, the relationship between consumers and consumption space under stratification has become a new research area in the field of urban social geography. Based on a consumer behavior analysis, this study explores the relationship between consumption space and the social strata of consumers in typical shopping malls in Guangzhou where the first shopping mall in China was built. The result shows that shopping malls have performed significant constructive functions of organizing consumers from different social classes into different consumption space. For middle- and upper-class consumers, the function of shopping malls centers on utilitarian consumption, identity recognition, and identity construction; whereas for lower-class consumers, its function revolves around pleasure and enjoyment. The symbolism of consumption space is the underlying reason for shopping malls to have their social constructive function. The findings of this research suggest that: 1) a shopping mall is a productive consumption space and a geographical space with subjectivity; 2) the micro-location of a shopping mall has social construction function; and 3) symbolic consumption is the core of social construction.  相似文献   

11.
广州城市暴雨内涝时空演变及建设用地扩张的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
暴雨内涝是城市常见的“城市病”。本研究通过收集20世纪80年代、90年代,以及2000年之后广州市主城区严重暴雨内涝资料,探索改革开放后广州市暴雨内涝时空演变特征,分析城市建设用地扩张对暴雨内涝的影响。结果表明,20世纪80年代至今,广州市主城区暴雨内涝点在时间和空间2个尺度上有显著的变化。早期内涝点主要集中于市中心的越秀区,随着城市化进程的推进逐渐在白云、天河等城市化较快的区域出现。从1990-2010年,广州市城乡建设用地扩张显著,城市不透水面密度与暴雨内涝点核密度呈正相关。其相关性随城市化发展逐渐增强,表明改革开放后广州市城市的快速扩张,对主城区暴雨内涝点的时空演变有较大的影响。因此,城市暴雨内涝的防治应重视城市不透水面格局的优化和调整。  相似文献   

12.
Based on the National Land Use/Cover Database of China(NLUD-C) in the end of the 1980s(the 1980s,hereafter), 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, 665 cities were selected to study the size distribution and its changes of urban lands in China. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land size distribution as well as the influence of administrative-level on these cities were explored by combining urban spatial positions and administrative-levels. Results indicate that: 1) City size distribution using urban lands was more practical and reasonable than using non-agricultural population. 2) In the 1980s, cities with ascending urban land rank were centralized in Eastern China, specially the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Delta, the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China mainly indicated descending urban land rank. 3) The transfer of national development focus resulted in cities with ascending urban land rank becoming evenly distributed nationwide; however, this trend was slightly centralized around Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan in different periods. 4) During the 1980s to 2010, the proportion of cities with ascending urban land rank in provincial capitals, municipalities, and special administrative regions(high-level cities, hereafter) was consistently higher than those in prefecture- and county-level cities except for 2005–2010. The ranks of the majority of the prefecture- and county-level cities were mainly descending, supported by ascending; the proportion of cities with unchanged rank is small. This study breaks through the bottleneck of traditional research in the area of city size distribution by examining urban land replacing the non-agricultural population. The current study also provides scientific explanation for the healthy and reasonable development of urban land as well as the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization.  相似文献   

13.
The role of retailing has diminished in the center of cities of Western countries since its heyday in the 1920s. This trend was caused by violent transformations in the economic, social and locational contexts which involve resi- dential suburbanization, as well as new forms of commercial development out of town. As far as transforming China is concerned, the downtown retailing center has also come to turning point of development in the context of suburbaniza- tion. Based on the survey of Beijing residents’ shopping behavior, the present research tends to making clear the actual change and development problem of downtown retailing center. Combining with the macro retailing environment, re- lated influencing factors are further discussed too. Study results show that downtown retailing still plays an important part in resident’s shopping activity. However, with rapid urban sprawl, retailing in urban center has been greatly threatened by booming out-of-town commerce. In the course of such spatial change, the suburbanization of resident, the prevalence of new commercial forms and the change of consumers’ life style all have exerted their own pressure on downtown retailing. But for the special socioeconomic background of development and the support of government policy, it will still keep its vitality of retailing for a long period of time.  相似文献   

14.
Since 1978, within social geographic pattern of Chinese metropolis, differentiation not only has come to be in social entity, but also by some degree embodied within residential space. Through the study on spatial segregation, the authors implicate these above spatial differentiation from social polarization to residential segregation cause by change in the political economy, in the organization of urban and real estate development (from project-specific to comprehensive development and real estate development) and in the functions and value of urban planning (from a sectional-subordinated to a municipally based control). The imprints of transition on social space are illustrated eight references to the example of Nanjing metropolis. Among the new phenomenal identified here are the six types of residential area according to soci-economic status. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59838280) and the Resource and Ecological Environment Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (KZ952-J1-206). Biography: ZHU Xi-gang(1956–), male, a native of Taicang City of Jiangsu Province, is a Ph. D. student of Nanjing University and associate professor. His research interests include urban planning, urban spatial structure, economic development, architectural desine etc.  相似文献   

15.
城市潜能作为城市体系空间相互作用的代表性指标,反映了城市与其所在的城市体系内所有城市间相互作用的强度,即城市所具备的的集聚能力。合理分析城市空间布局及结构、探寻城市发展的空间差异,以及制定区域发展政策日益迫切,研究城市空间相互作用具有重要意义。本文以Globcover数据集提取中国大陆范围内26 619个城市斑块,获取了城市潜能计算时所需的城市斑块规模总量;同时,以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像为数据,提取能综合反映人类社会经济活动的城市斑块夜间灯光总强度,参与城市潜能的计算。利用潜能模型,依据城市斑块分层结果,以城市斑块规模和时间成本为参数,计算得到公里格网的城市潜能值模拟分布图,并分析了中国大陆城市潜能的空间分异特征。  相似文献   

16.
China′ s urban reforms have brought social progress and development, but a comprehensive national system of social welfare (for example, unemployment insurance, pensions, medical care and public housing) for new migrants from rural areas is lacking. One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in social " equality", with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society. However, there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants. Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums. This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy, which include mainly: 1) accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects; 2) urban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy; 3) to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty; 4) to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology; 5) to coordinate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijing′ s metropolitan fringe.  相似文献   

17.
As one kind of organizational relation of regional space, in essence, urban system is the spatial reflection of the deep social economic movement.(HERZOG,1991). Since the 1980s, by means of the globalization of economy and high technology and the particular spatial effect, the evolution of urban system has taken on one brand-new landscape different from the traditional one, which also raise new concepts and requirements for urban system planning. Meanwhile, it′s no doubt that active plannin…  相似文献   

18.
The quality of life is considered as the distributed degree of social resources with significance to the urban residents as a whole. There are three features about the study of the quality of life by means of objective method. First, objective methid is based on the government publication of statistics from which the information of social environment influencing people's life can be obtained by systematic analysis. Second, as a result of social policy and planning development, the quality of life studied by objective method can provide scieatific basis for regulating and making policy. Third, the objective method emphasize that the improvement of the quality of life mainly depends on the effort from the government so as to set up a coordinatly developed environment of community.On the basis of relevant data from the 1991 Yearbook of Urban Statirtics of China published by Statistics Press of China, and using spss, the quality of urban life in China is evaluated. Seventy four cities are selected from 467  相似文献   

19.
在快速城镇化时期,城市边缘区是城市扩张过程中空间结构变化最大、土地利用转变最快的地区,以过渡性、复杂性、动态性为突出特征。研究城市边缘区的空间演变对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在总结海淀区空间发展历史渊源的基础上,采用了RS/GIS技术对20世纪80年代以来海淀城市边缘区的范围、空间扩张进行了定量分析;并结合系统论方法,探索影响海淀城市边缘区空间演变的若干因素。研究发现：海淀城市边缘区空间发展有独特的地理优势和文化渊源,且在政策、经济、人口、交通等因素的综合作用下,处于不断动态变化之中;呈现出沿环线不规则分布、边界由清晰变模糊、整体向西北推移的空间特征;总面积逐渐增加、年扩张速率先升后降;1995-2007年以向外扩张为主,其他阶段以内部填充型发展为主;空间分布及扩张强度在不同乡镇街道具有区域差异性等。本文将RS/GIS技术与系统分析相结合,来研究城市边缘区相关问题的技术可行性。  相似文献   

20.
The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investment (HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has been reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has been replaced by the trend of moving northwards and inlandwards after 1989. But in terms of manufacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing patterns are clearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors. The survey results suggest that “enjoying lower production cost” is the most important motive for their investment in China. In consequence, “close to Hong Kong”, “cheaper labour” and “favourable policy” are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, some companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the University Graduates Association (Hong Kong). The author gratefully acknowledges the help from Professors Kam-hon Lee and Yue-man Yeung and Dr. David Chu at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Mr. Chai-ming Mak at Electricity Advisory Services Limited (HK) during the early stage of the study.  相似文献   

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