共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(3):225-236
New data on the geochemistry and isotopic composition of chloride brines of the Siberian Platform are presented. The distribution of stable isotopes (2H, 18O, and 37Cl) in brines of the Tunguska, Angara-Lena, western part of the Yakutian and Olenek artesian basins and 87Sr/86Sr in brines of the western part of the Olenek artesian basin was studied in the context of the problem of genesis of highly mineralized groundwaters. Results of the study and comparative analysis of the geochemical and isotopic peculiarities of the Siberian Platform brines conform to the theory of brine formation through the interaction of connate waters with enclosing rocks. 相似文献
2.
We present results of a comprehensive study of ground ice, saline waters, and brines in the cryoartesian basins of the northeastern Siberian Platform. The composition of major geochemical types of ground ice is considered. The specifics of the hydrogeochemical zonation of the cryoartesian basins are the regional distribution of chloride saline waters and brines. Study of stable isotopes (18O, D, 37Cl, 81Br, and 87Sr/86Sr) led us to the conclusion that the chloride brines resulted either from the leaching of halogen rocks or from the metamorphism of bittern connate water. The drainage brine reserves (hydromineral resources) of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe in the Olenek cryoartesian basin are assessed. 相似文献
3.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1137-1146
Highly mineralized, largely sodium-chloride type, brines in deep artesian basins are similar in composition to the mineralized abyssal hydrothermal waters of present day volcanic regions as well as the material impounded in liquid inclusions of minerals. It is also well established that present brines are very similar to hydrothermal ore-forming solutions. Some highly concentrated brines can be explained by derivation from salt basins but there is no adequate explanation for the worldwide distribution of concentrated brines. Exchange reactions merely change composition, not concentration. Some hydrocarbons found in minerals as well as in brines have originated from CO2, H2O, and H2 liberated from volcanoes and magma chambers. The abyssal brines may be the product of magmatogenic hydrothermal activity or the brines themselves may be the source of ore-forming hydrothermal solutions. If the latter is true, there is still no explanation of the high mineralization of brines. Many brines are deafly similar to sea water but the salts in sea water are largely produced by volcanic activity. It is suggested that many of the brines are formed in deep unexposed parts of artesian basins from highly concentrated hydrothermal solutions migrating from magmatic chambers. --J. A. Redden. 相似文献
4.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):1042-1047
The importance of organic matter and the present and paleohydrodynamic conditions are stressed for accumulation and preservation of iodine and bromine in underground waters. The authors indicate that the occurrence of these halogens, like hydrocarbons, is closely associated with the organic content of marine pelitic rocks and especially so in regions of thick sedimentary sections. From this they conclude that iodine and bromine are of sedimentary origin. Equally important is confinement of the iodine-bromine bearing waters in hydrodynamic isolation throughout the geologic history of the basin. --J. Lemish. 相似文献
5.
The layer of water-bearing sandstone (PR2 V kt1) named Lower-Kotlin aquifer is widespread in the northwestern part of the Russian platform, within the Moscow Artesian Basin.
It is mostly confined. The aquifer lies directly on the surface of the crystalline basement throughout the basin. The water
mineralization rises from north to south together with the depth of the aquifer. The mineralization growth is mainly caused
by the increase of sodium and chloride contents. Three consequent vertical zones can be marked out: fresh-water zones (<1 g/dm3), brackish-water zone (1–35 g/dm3) and brine zone (>35 g/dm3). Each of these zones has specific regularities of variation of chemical composition. The role of each component is different
for waters of each zone. The aquifer is actively exploited—for public water supply and bottling in the north and for mineral
water treatment in the south. Within St. Petersburg, this water is used for technical purposes of industry. There are some
health resorts and spas in St. Petersburg Region, such as Sestroretsk, Peterhof, Luga, which use the mineral water of the
Lower-Kotlin aquifer. A number of bottling plants produce bottled mineral water. Wide regional location and peculiarities
of chemical composition of the Lower-Kotlin aquifer cause the possibility of the organization of many other spas and health
resorts near St. Petersburg. 相似文献
6.
沉积盆地卤水来源的非传统同位素示踪研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界上大多数的沉积盆地内,在结晶基底或者沉积地层内都有矿化度较高的卤水,由于这些卤水通常携带或富含有钾、硼、锂、溴、碘、铷、铯、稀有气体及重金属元素,因此,它们是地学界的研究热点之一。随着测试技术的不断进步,非传统同位素的应用也日益广泛,但在沉积盆地卤水来源和演化方面的研究还十分薄弱,对卤水的来源和演化也还存在争议。文章回顾了硼、锂、碘和惰性气体氦、氩同位素在卤水来源研究方面的进展,并指出由于单一同位素在解释上的片面性,多种同位素相结合的示踪方法研究沉积盆地卤水的来源是国际趋势。 相似文献
7.
A. N. Voronov 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(5):477-481
The Russian Federation has many aquifers and these possess a wide range of chemical compositions. In Russia about 300 mineral
water sources have been developed as spas and health resorts. More than 150 of them produce bottled mineral water. A brief
historical revue is given. The study of mineral waters in Russia began as far back as the reign of Peter the Great (1682–1725).
It has been prolonged by works of many Russian scientists.
The details of the chemical composition of the different types of Russian mineral waters and some geological aquifer peculiarities
are described. The most widely used classification of mineral waters in Russia is presented. The present condition of these
waters and the government standards laid down for their use are described. Examples of different mineral waters are given.
Received: 14 April 1998 / Accepted: 8 December 1998 相似文献
8.
The study presents results of a hydrogeological and hydrogeological research conducted on the Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary cover and Precambrian–Paleozoic platform deposits of the Pre-Yenisei petroleum subprovince. The hydrogeological structure of the study area is found to be of a transition type from the West Siberian to Tunguska artesian basins, with its own set of pertinent parameters, such as groundwater depths, rock permeabilities, water chemistry and gas compositions, gas saturation, vertical zoning, etc. The upper part of the sedimentary section is known to be flushed with the infiltration waters to depths of 2–2.5 km. The deeper intervals contain the older sedimentary waters with the moderate metamorphic grade. The results of the study provide implications for the petroleum potential of the area of interest. 相似文献
9.
Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile contain numerous internal drainage basins occupied by saline lakes and salt crusts (salars). Salts in inflow waters stem from two origins: alteration of volcanic rocks, which produces dilute waters, and brine recycling, which leads to brackish waters. Chilean alteration waters are three times more concentrated in average than Bolivian waters, which is related to a higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanoes. Brackish inflows stem from brines which leak out from present salars and mix with dilute groundwater. Most of the incoming salts are recycled salts. The cycling process is likely to have begun when ancient salars were buried by volcanic eruptions. Three major brine groups are found in Andean salars: alkaline, sulfate-rich, and calcium-rich brines. Evaporation modeling of inflows shows good agreement between predicted and observed brines in Chile. Alkaline salars are completely lacking in Chile, which is accounted for by higher sulfate and lower alkalinity of inflow waters, in turn related to the suspected higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanic rocks. Six Bolivian salars are alkaline, a lower number than that predicted by evaporative modeling. Deposition on the drainage basin of eolian sulfur eroded from native deposits shifts the initial alkaline evolution to sulfate brines. The occurrence of calcium-rich brines in Andean salars is not compatible with volcanic drainage basins, which can only produce alkaline or sulfate-rich weathering waters. The discrepancy is likely due to recycled calcic brines from ancient salars in sedimentary basins, now buried below volcanic formations. Calcic salars are not in equilibrium with their volcanic environment and may slowly change with time to sulfate-rich salars. 相似文献
10.
The Lower Palaeozoic system is a series of iron-bearing rocks consisting mainly of shallow sea-fades carbonates. On the basis of microfacies analysis of the carbonate rocks, the Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary sea basin is divided into two broad sedimentary-tectonic regions of four sedimentary facies and eight subfacies. The original iron-rich carbonates were deposited in saltlakes, lagoons, etc. of the restricted basins. Over the long geological history, the original iron formations were reconstructed to various extents by late tectonic processes. Geological observations and studies on the equilibrium mechanism of oxygen/sulfur isotopic fractionation and the composition and temperature of fluid inclusions in the minerals indicate that thermal brines played an important role in reworking of the original iron-rich carbonate rocks, which led to the formation of sedimentary-reworked strata-bound ore deposit. 相似文献
11.
V. N. Kholodov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2010,45(3):238-274
The article is dedicated to sedimentary rock basins. It is postulated that sedimentary rock basins represent an element of
the Earth’s sedimentary shell characterized by the general thermobaric regime, type of fluidodynamics, and combination of
epigenetic mineral resources. Fluidodynamic regimes of three types are recognized in the upper part of the crust: infiltration,
elision, and exfiltration. The dominant type of fluidodynamics is reflected in the most widespread mineralogical-geochemical
zonality and association of epigenetic mineral deposits. These properties allow us to define the infiltration and elision
types of rock basin in the sedimentary shell. The structural features of different-type rock basins are characterized with
the emphasis on their relations with geotectonics. 相似文献
12.
13.
S. V. Alekseev L. P. Alekseeva S. L. Shvartsev N. S. Trifonov E. S. Sidkina 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(5):442-456
One of the probable mechanisms that controls the composition of highly mineralized chloride groundwaters is studied using physicochemical numerical simulations of equilibria in water–rock systems. Concentrated brines in the Olenek cryoartesian basin in the northeastern Siberian Platform are determined to be undersaturated with respect of major rock-forming minerals, which suggests that the metamorphosed sedimentary brines should have been diluted by meteoric waters during a certain evolutionary episode of the permafrost zone of the basin in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. 相似文献
14.
E. S. Sidkina 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2018,53(3):252-262
A comparative analysis of the chemical composition of underground brines in sections of the Tunguska and Olenek artesian basins is accomplished. The paper examines the equilibrium degree of brines with host rock minerals: carbonate (dolomite, calcite, magnesite, strontianite), sulfate (gypsum and celestine), chloride (halite, sylvite) and some aluminosilicates (anorthite, albite, illite, montmorillonites, kaolinite, muscovite, and others). Origin of brines is discussed based on results of the calculation of genetic coefficients. The paper presents a schematic generalization of data on the chemical composition, mineral concentration, genesis, and abundance of brines in the studied subjects. 相似文献
15.
Lynton S. Land 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(2):137-145
Most sedimentary basins contain saline pore water. Saline formation waters can form during burial diagenesis as the result of normal processes of water/rock interaction involving incongruent halite dissolution, bittern salt destruction, and albitization of detrital plagioclase. The kinds of Na-Ca-Cl saline formation waters typical of sedimentary basins can also result from modification of surficial brines formed by the precipitation of NaCl from evaporated seawater. As the porosity of rocks is reduced during burial, discharge of saline formation waters contributes to crustal chloride cycling, and helps explain riverine chloride loads. During burial, the dissolution of metastable detrital minerals derived from crustal rocks in corrosive, saline water transfers incompatible elements such as Li and B from the igneous crust to the sedimentary crust. Similarly, albitization transfers Ca from the crustal silicate (igneous) mineral reservoir to the crustal carbonate and aqueous (sedimentary) reservoirs. Metamorphism and then melting of albite-enriched rocks accounts for the elevated sodium contents of igneous rocks relative to sedimentary rocks. In this way average sediments have become enriched through time in Ca, Cl, Br, S, Li, and B, and depleted in Na relative to average igneous crust. 相似文献
16.
In natural resource exploration, Ca–Cl basinal brines are important for understanding the origin and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbons and sedimentary ore deposits. Little attention has been paid to the possible connection between fossil basinal brines and paleo-seawaters and to the implications for reconstructing paleo-seawater compositions. Secular variations of Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr ratios in seawater have been documented mainly using fluid inclusions in halite, calcareous fossils and mineral analyses. However, brines and other sedimentary records connected to paleo-seawater or its evaporated residues may be chemically affected by burial diagenesis or the effects of continental waters of meteoric origin, thus complicating interpretations of the analytical results. To investigate these effects on fluids and minerals related to the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean basin, we re-evaluate published data from: (1) brackish-to-brine waters from onshore (Northern Apennine foredeep; Levantine basin) and offshore (porewaters from the Deep Sea Drilling Project); (2) Messinian parental seawater deduced from calcareous fossils, fluid inclusions and sulfate minerals; (3) meteoric waters dissolving evaporites. The compositional trends related to seawater evaporation, diagenesis and mixing that affect the Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr molar ratios of the basinal brines are effectively discriminated on a binary plot depicting the proper fields for seawater and meteoric-derived fluids. Brines showing stronger dolomitization start from Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr molar ratios of Messinian seawater deduced from the published analysis of fluid inclusions and open ocean fossils, that are therefore here validated ex post. 相似文献
17.
华南陆块液体钾、锂资源的区域成矿背景与成矿作用初探 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
中国华南陆块江汉盆地的江陵凹陷和潜江凹陷以及江西吉泰盆地等裂谷盆地,在白垩纪—古近纪时期,发育了大量的蒸发岩,并形成了富含钾、锂、铷、铯、溴、碘、硼元素的卤水,这些高价值元素的含量多达到工业利用品位或综合利用品位,资源潜力巨大。这些资源的富集区域分布于华南陆块与新华夏裂谷构造的交汇处,同时也是华南花岗岩省与新华夏裂谷玄武岩的分布区。通过对该区域大地构造、火成岩、古气候、古地理特征与全球海侵事件等综合分析,同时结合盆地卤水化学成分的研究,作者提出华南陆块(地区)的中生代—新生代盆地(群)可能是液体钾、锂、铷、铯、溴、碘、硼资源的成矿区;成矿物质受到白垩纪—古近纪火山活动带来的深部物质及海侵事件带来的海水等多源补给,前者主要带来锂、钾、铷、铯等,后者带来钾及溴、碘等。华南盆地卤水中钾、锂等元素的富集是内生与外生地质动力作用的结果,即构造-火成岩-海侵-干旱气候耦合作用的结果,成矿作用过程可以归结为裂谷沉积成矿,主要形成富钾、锂卤水;埋藏阶段这些卤水通常转移到孔隙发育的碎屑岩、玄武岩及断裂带内保存,形成盆地深层卤水矿床。 相似文献
18.
The long-lived halogen radioisotopes 129I and 36Cl provide valuable information regarding the source of fluids in hydrocarbon systems and in localized areas where infiltration of younger meteoric water has occurred. Despite the utility of these two isotopes in providing time-signatures for fluid end-members, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the interpretation of “intermediate-age” waters in hydrologic systems. These waters are likely the result of the combination of two or more halogen sources at some time in the past, each with its own characteristic concentration and isotopic composition. In order to unravel the evolution of these “intermediate-age” waters, the effect that infiltration of meteoric water has on the isotopic composition of older formation waters is modeled. Also evaluated is the effect that the timing of dilution has on 129I and 36Cl signatures observed in the present, specifically, the hypothesis that halogen isotopic signatures imparted by the mixing of brine and meteoric waters early in the development of a sedimentary basin are quantitatively different from those imparted by the mixing of old brines with recent meteoric waters. 相似文献
19.
V. G. Popov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2000,35(4):365-372
This work treats lithofacies and hydrogeochemical features of the Late Paleozoic sedimentation on the eastern Russian Plate
and the geochemistry of principal types of brines, which are spatially and genetically related to halogenous formations. It
is shown that the density convection of primary magnesian chloride brines, which inflow into underlying Paleozoic and Proterozoic
rocks from Permian evaporite paleobasins, plays the principal role in the formation of chlorocalcium brines that are predominant
in the sedimentary cover of the Volga-Urals sedimentation basin. The problem of metamorpbization of brines by exchange-adsorption
and hydrolytic processes in terrigenous rocks and the problem of metasomatic dolomitization of limestones are discussed. 相似文献
20.
The behavior of lithium and its isotopes in oilfield brines: evidence from the Heletz-Kokhav field, Israel 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Twenty-four brine samples from the Heletz-Kokhav oilfield, Israel, have been analyzed for chemical composition and Li isotope ratios. The chemical composition of the brines, together with geological evidence, suggests derivation from (Messinian) seawater by evaporation that proceeded well into the gypsum stability field but failed to reach the stage of halite crystallization. The present salinity of the samples (18-47 g Cl/L) was achieved by dilution of the original evaporitic brine by local fresh waters. Like brines from other sedimentary basins, the Li/Cl ratios in the Heletz-Kokhav samples show a prominent Li enrichment (five-fold to eight-fold) relative to modern seawater. The isotopic ratios of Li, expressed in the δ 6Li notation, vary from −26.3 to −17.9‰, all values being significantly higher than that of modern seawater (−32‰) irrespective of their corresponding Li concentration (1.0-2.3 mg/L). The isotopic composition of Li and the Li/Cl ratio in the oilfield brines were acquired in two stages: (a) The original evaporated seawater gained isotopically light Li during the diagenetic interaction between the interstitial Messinian brine and the basin sediments. A parent brine with an elevated Li/Cl ratio was formed. The brine was later diluted in the oilfields. (b) The δ 6Li values of the final brines were determined during epigenetic interaction with the Heletz-Kokhav aquifer rocks. At the same time, the Li/Cl ratio inherited from stage (a) remained largely unchanged. This work represents the first use of lithium isotopic composition to elucidate the origin and evolution of formation waters in sedimentary basins. 相似文献