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《岩土力学》2018,(Z2)
钻孔稳定性分析是深部钻探工程的重要科学问题之一,选择合理的强度准则有助于提高钻孔稳定性预测的准确性,可有效地减少钻孔崩落事件的发生。由于广泛使用的Hoek-Brown准则忽略了中间主应力的影响,应用时无法充分发挥岩石强度潜能。引入一种有效克服诸多经典强度准则的奇异性与非外凸性缺陷的修正Hoek-Brown强度准则,将其应用于水平、垂直和倾斜钻孔稳定性分析中的最小泥浆压力计算,同时与Mohr-Coulomb、Drucker-Prager、Hoek-Brown、3D Hoek-Brown、Mogi-Coulomb和修正Lade准则等经典强度准则预测值进行对比。研究结果表明,修正Hoek-Brown准则与修正Lade、Mogi-Coulomb和3DHoek-Brown准则的预测结果相近,且修正Hoek-Brown预测值与实际工程所用泥浆的相对误差分别为2.1%和0.76%,证明修正Hoek-Brown准则应用于钻孔稳定性分析的适用性与准确性;最小泥浆压力随钻孔深度增加呈线性递增,且受钻孔方位角和倾斜角的影响;Mohr-Coulomb与Hoek-Brown准则所预测的最小泥浆压力值最大,增加了实际工程泥浆的用量,Drucker-Prager准则所预测的最小泥浆压力最小,但给出的预测结果偏于危险,易发生钻孔失稳;基于修正Hoek-Brown准则可得到理论上最佳的钻孔位置(即所需最小泥浆压力值达到最小),为钻井工程师进行钻孔位置优化提供有益参考。 相似文献
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基于SMP准则和Lade强度准则,推导出新的无黏性土强度准则表达式,它较好地反映了单个主应力对滑动面的交叉影响,而不是仅局限于中主应力的影响。通过与真三轴试验数据的对比,发现该新准则在π平面上与试验数据较为吻合,优于上述两个传统的强度理论。 相似文献
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通过引入应力Lode角建立合理的角隅函数描述偏平面形状,对三维Mohr-Coulmb强度准则进行修正,使之能合理反映中主应力比对土体峰值内摩擦角的影响。修正后的准则在偏平面上的强度线与Lade-Duncan准则相似,但更具灵活性,预测结果更符合松砂真三轴试验结果。由于土体在加载过程中常发生应变局部化现象,导致其强度得不到充分发挥。基于非共轴塑性模型的分叉分析研究了应变局部化发生对土体强度发挥的影响,通过与密砂真三轴试验结果对比表明,分叉强度能合理反映在不同中主应力比条件下应变局部化发生对土体强度的降低作用。 相似文献
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利用岩石空心圆柱扭剪试验系统针对灰砂岩进行真三轴试验研究,分别开展控制（σ2-σ3）（σ2为中间主应力,σ3为最小主应力）条件压缩试验和恒σ3、变σ2条件压缩试验,对灰砂岩的应力-应变规律、强度特性及破坏特征进行详细分析,并进一步探讨了中间主应力效应,最小主应力效应,应力洛德角效应以及强度准则的适用性。研究结果表明：岩石空心圆柱扭剪试验系统能够实现真三轴应力状态的模拟,相较于常规的实现方式,该方法可避免端部摩擦的影响;内外围压的压差对岩石强度有很大影响,尤其是在高围压下,较大的压差使得岩石强度迅速弱化导致剧烈破坏;中间主应力对岩石强度影响显著且具有区间效应,最小主应力对岩石强度有强化作用,该特点对于实际工程开挖岩体的高效及时支护具有重要的指导意义;进一步地,根据所获试验结果对现阶段用于描述岩石力学特性的强度准则进行分析,认为采用指数强度准则能合理反映岩石真三轴应力状态,具有较好的适用性,可用来评价实际工程中岩石的强度特征。 相似文献
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基于材料三剪强度准则和非饱和土力学特性,提出了非饱和土的单应力变量和双应力变量三剪强度准则,并对其做了特征分析。分析表明,通过改变准则中的主应力影响系数b,所提准则就可以对其他强度准则进行非线性近似表达。在π平面的极限线中,所提强度准则覆盖了由内边界的单剪强度准则到外边界的三剪统一强度准则之间的所有外凸区域。因此,其适用于各种复杂应力状态下的非饱和土体,也能反映非饱和土单轴抗拉抗压强度不等的特征。另外,还用其他文献的真三轴试验数据对所提准则做了试验验证,其中,非饱和黏土砂的真三轴试验值与中主应力影响系数b=0.6时的三剪强度准则预测值吻合较好,双应力变量下准则的预测值比单应力变量下的预测值更符合试验值;非饱和黄土真三轴试验值与中主应力影响系数b=0.2时的三剪强度准则预测值吻合较好,两种应力变量下的三剪强度准则预测值差别较小。 相似文献
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对山西大同煤峪口矿巷道砂岩进行了巴西劈裂、单轴和常规三轴试验,分析了其变形和强度特性,以整体平方根误差最小为依据拟合确定了5种强度准则参数,比较各准则的整体拟合效果以及抗拉强度和抗压强度预测值与试验值之间的差异。结果表明:砂岩单轴和低围压下的脆性特征显著,随着围压增大屈服段明显增加,逐渐由脆性向延性转变;对试验数据的整体拟合效果,Mohr-Coulomb准则最不理想,指数强度准则最好,Hoek-Brown准则和Bieniawski准则相接近;对抗拉强度的预测,Mohr-Coulomb准则明显高估了砂岩的抗拉强度,不适合预测抗拉强度,指数强度准则最为理想,Bieniawski准则不能反映岩石抗拉特性;单轴和不同围压下砂岩强度,直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则偏离了大多数试验数据点,特别是高围压下偏离显著结果失真,Hoek-Brown准则和Bieniawski准则预测结果几乎一致,Sheorey准则高围压下预测结果稍有偏高,指数强度准则接近大多数试验数据,预测效果最佳。 相似文献
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真三轴试验中的端部摩擦效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
端部摩擦效应是三轴试验的常见问题之一。相对于常规三轴试验,由于在茂木式真三轴试验中方形试样4个端部需设置两对端部垫块,从而导致端部摩擦问题更加突出。运用FLAC3D,针对Mohr-Coulomb材料,即无中间主应力影响材料,模拟真三轴加载过程中端部摩擦对试样强度和变形行为的影响。计算结果表明,端部摩擦也可以产生虚假中间主应力效应,即使对于无中间主应力效应材料,中间主应力也会导致最大破坏主应力的增加,且摩擦系数越大,这种趋势则越明显。分析了端部摩擦产生这种趋势的原因,指出了真三轴试验中减小端部摩擦的重要性。 相似文献
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几种岩石强度准则的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用常规三轴试验数据,以最小平均拟合差为评价指标定量地对比分析5种强度准则描述岩石非线性强度特征的适用性。结果表明：直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则不能描述岩石强度的非线性特征;抛物线型Mohr-Coulomb虽能描述岩石强度的非线性特征,但拟合误差较大,计算所得强度参数与事实不符,不宜使用;对于中低围压（ ）下岩石强度的非线性特征,单参数Bieniawski准则拟合精度与Hoek-Brown准则相当或稍好,拟合精度接近于指数强度准则,均优于双参数Bieniawski准则;在高围压下岩石强度非线性特征较为显著,应用单参数Bieniawski 准则或Hoek-Brown准则描述误差较大,三参数Bieniawski准则和指数强度准则拟合误差较小,可用于评价深部或特深部高应力状态下岩石的强度特征。 相似文献
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高地应力下硬岩的本构模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统的本构模型在模拟高地应力下硬岩破坏的范围和深度方面并不理想。针对高应力下的拉西瓦花岗岩,通过真三轴压缩试验模拟了开挖时应力路径的演化。在摩尔-库仑强度准则、格里菲斯强度准则、德鲁克-普拉格准则、双剪统一强度理论和霍克-布朗强度准则的基础上,考虑十二面单元体主剪面上主剪应力、正应力和静水压力的共同作用,提出了一个有关高应力下硬岩的三剪强度准则。根据试验结果,利用遗传算法全局寻优的功能,搜索出了三剪强度准则的参数。预测样本和与摩尔-库仑强度准则、德鲁克-普拉格准则、双剪统一强度理论的比较表明,该三剪强度准则与试验结果吻合,适用于高地应力下的硬岩。根据试验得到的应力-应变关系曲线,建立了基于三剪强度准则和应变软化的弹-脆-塑性本构模型,并用FLAC3D提供的基于C++的用户自定义模型工具UDM,创建了用户自定义模型的动态链接库,嵌入了FLAC3D软件。采用遗传算法-FLAC方法,搜索得到了基于岩石试样和岩体的本构模型参数。计算结果与实测情况吻合,表明建立的本构模型适用于高地应力下的硬岩,为高地应力下硬岩地下工程的安全性和稳定性分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
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采用数值方法模拟硬岩的三轴压缩试验,应用4个本构模型,即Mohr-Coulomb模型、Drucker-Prager模型、应变软化模型及考虑变形模量劣化的应变软化模型,研究中主应力对均质及非均质硬岩破裂机制的影响。结果表明：不论是均质还是非均质岩体,中主应力对采用Drucker-Prager模型的岩体强度影响较大,而对采用其他本构模型的岩体强度影响不大;当非均质岩体采用Mohr-Coulomb模型或Drucker-Prager模型时,中主应力对岩体破坏过程影响不大,但对其破坏模式有较大影响;当非均质岩体采用应变软化模型时,中主应力对岩体破坏过程及其模式均有较大影响。针对工程算例,采用不同的本构模型获得的均质或非均质岩体强度相差很大,除Drucker-Prager模型外,同一本构模型的均质岩体强度远大于非均质岩体。实际工程岩体对中主应力的响应是不同的,故在地下结构设计过程中应根据岩体特性选择合理的本构模型以保证工程安全。 相似文献
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为建立更符合岩石屈服与破坏机制的强度准则,基于能量转化是岩石屈服与破坏的本质属性,采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法,对岩石屈服与破坏准则进行了研究。以岩石强度与整体破坏准则为基础,通过引入弹性应变能释放分散系数,建立基于弹性应变能强度准则;分别采用M-C准则、Murrell准则、三剪能量准则、统一能量准则、三维H-B强度准则及基于弹性应变能岩石强度准则对盐岩和花岗岩的破坏强度进行了计算。结果表明,基于弹性应变能岩石强度准则的计算结果与试验值比较吻合（尤其是真三轴试验条件下）,并且分析了产生上述结果的内在机制。所建立的强度准则仅需测定常规岩石力学参数（单轴抗压强度与泊松比）,物理力学意义明确,对于定量描述岩石的屈服与破坏特性具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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The influence of the intermediate principal stress on rock strength has been studied comprehensively by previous researchers. However, the reason why rock strength firstly increases and subsequently decreases with the increase of intermediate principal stress is still unclear. In this paper, the mechanism of the intermediate principal stress effect on rock failure behaviour is revealed through a numerical method using the EPCA3D system (Elasto-Plastic Cellular Automaton). In this study, both homogeneous and heterogeneous rocks are considered. The heterogeneity of a rock specimen is modelled by introducing Weibull's statistical distribution. Two criteria, i.e. the Drucker–Prager and Mohr–Coulomb models, are used to determine whether a meso-scopic element in the rock specimen is in a failure state or not during the polyaxial stress loading process. The EPCA3D simulation reproduces the typical phenomenon of the intermediate principal stress effect that occurs in some rock experiments. By studying the EPCA3D simulated acoustic emission and complete stress–strain curves illustrating failure initiation, propagation and coalescence in the failure process of rocks, the essence of the intermediate principal stress effect is tracked. It is concluded that the heterogeneous stress distribution induced by the natural heterogeneity of rocks and the effect of the loading platen are two of the reasons producing the intermediate stress effect. Studies indicate that a moderate intermediate principal stress delays the onset of local failure, which in turn leads to an increase in the rock strength. However, once the intermediate principal stress reaches a certain value, local failure will be formed through the application of the intermediate principal stress. It is the number of failed elements in the pre-peak region that determines whether the rock strength decreases or not. The extent of rock strength reduction when the intermediate principal stress reaches a certain value is lessened with the increase in the minimum principal stress. 相似文献
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Omid Saeidi Vamegh Rasouli Rashid Geranmayeh Vaneghi Raoof Gholami Seyed Rahman Torabi 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(2):215-225
A modified failure criterion is proposed to determine the strength of transversely isotropic rocks. Me-chanical properties of some metamorphic and sedimentary rocks including gneiss, slate, marble, schist, shale, sandstone and limestone, which show transversely isotropic behavior, were taken into consider-ation. Afterward, introduced triaxial rock strength criterion was modified for transversely isotropic rocks. Through modification process an index was obtained that can be considered as a strength reduction parameter due to rock strength anisotropy. Comparison of the parameter with previous anisotropy in-dexes in literature showed reasonable results for the studied rock samples. The modified criterion was compared to modified Hoek-Brown and Ramamurthy criteria for different transversely isotropic rocks. It can be concluded that the modified failure criterion proposed in this study can be used for predicting the strength of transversely isotropic rocks. 相似文献
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A new three-dimensional (3D) Hoek–Brown (HB) failure criterion based on an elliptical Lode dependence is proposed to describe failure of rocks and concrete under multiaxial stress states. This criterion not only inherits all benefits of the classical HB criterion that is developed for the triaxial compression (TXC) of rocks but also accounts for the effect of the intermediate principal stress. It is capable of representing the strength difference between the triaxial extension (TXE) and TXC with the introduction of an additional coefficient k (0.5 ≤ k ≤ 1.0), which can be derived from TXE tests or taken as 0.53 for rocks in cases where the TXE test data is unavailable. Other two material constants (mi and σci) involved in this criterion can be obtained from TXC tests. Additionally, the failure surface of this criterion is smooth and convex on the deviatoric stress plane when 0.5 < k ≤ 1.0. The new criterion achieves very good fit to the test data of TXC/TXE, biaxial compression, and polyaxial compression (PXC) on a wide variety of rock materials and concrete, reported in the literature. Comparison of the new criterion with an existing 3D HB criterion based on the same Lode dependence has demonstrated that the new criterion performs better than the latter for test data of rock and concrete under multiaxial stress states except for PXC test data of one rock type. Finally, the influence of values of k on the accuracy of the new criterion is discussed. 相似文献
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L. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):893-915
Summary Although the Hoek–Brown strength criterion has been widely used in rock mechanics and rock engineering, it does not take account
of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. Much evidence, however, has been accumulating to indicate that the
intermediate principal stress does influence the rock strength in many instances. Therefore, researchers have developed three-dimensional
(3D) versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion. In this paper, three existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion
are reviewed and evaluated. The evaluation shows that all of the three 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion have
limitations. To address the limitations, a generalized 3D Hoek–Brown criterion is proposed by modifying the generalized Hoek–Brown
strength criterion. The proposed 3D criterion not only inherits the advantages of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion but can
take account of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. At a 2D stress state (triaxial or biaxial), the proposed
3D criterion will simply reduce to the form of the generalized Hoek–Brown strength criterion. To validate the proposed 3D
strength criterion, polyaxial or true triaxial compression test data of intact rocks and jointed rock masses has been collected
from the published literature. Predictions of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength criterion are in good agreement
with the test data for a range of different rock types. The difference of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength
criterion from and its advantages over the existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion are also discussed. It
should be noted that the proposed 3D criterion is empirical in nature because it is an extension of the 2D Hoek–Brown strength
criterion, which is empirical. Because of the non-convexity of the yield surface for a biaxial stress state, the proposed
3D criterion may have problems with some stress paths.
Correspondence: L. Zhang, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
85721, USA 相似文献
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Determination of Shear Strength and Three-dimensional Yield Strength for the Hoek-Brown Criterion 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
S. D. Priest 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2005,38(4):299-327
Summary. Most currently used techniques for analysing the stability of near surface structures, such as rock slopes, are based on the application of the effective Coulomb shear strength parameters cohesion c′, and the angle of friction φ′ on some known or anticipated shear surface subjected to an effective normal stress σ′n. The most widely used of these techniques are the variants of the method of slices and related upper bound techniques. If the Hoek-Brown criterion is to be used to model the strength of near surface fractured rocks, it is necessary to determine equivalent Coulomb shear strength parameters for the specified level of effective normal stress. Calculation of the equivalent Coulomb parameters for the Hoek-Brown criterion for cases when a ≠ 0.5 is not a straightforward matter. A simple procedure for calculating instantaneous values of c′i and φ′i has been developed based on spreadsheet calculations and the application of a numerical optimisation routine. This procedure can also be applied to calculating the Hoek-Brown envelope plotted in shear stress/normal stress space. A simple closed form solution for c′i and tan φ′i has also been developed for the special case when a = 1. A three-dimensional version of the Hoek-Brown criterion has been developed by combining it with the Drucker-Prager criterion. This new yield criterion has been implemented by numerical solution of the governing equations. A simplification of this three-dimensional yield criterion has been developed by introducing an intermediate principal stress weighting factor. Comparison with published results demonstrates that this simplified criterion has the capacity to model the results of true triaxial tests for a range of different rock types over a wide range of stress levels. The new three-dimensional yield criterion has the advantage that its input parameters can be determined from routine uniaxial compression tests and mineralogical examination. 相似文献
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岩质边坡稳定性分析中常用的Mohr-Coulomb、Drucker-Prager屈服准则,其未考虑中间主应力效应或拉压不等效应,较难反映三维复杂边坡空间应力状态。统一强度理论包含了一系列破坏准则,通过调整参数b可反映中间主应力或中间主切应力的影响程度。利用ABAQUS开发了基于统一强度理论材料子程序(UMAT),首先以三维含结构面岩质边坡为例,采用强度折减法,分别计算 为0、0.25、0.5、0.75 与 1 共5种考虑中间主应力不同程度情况下三维含结构面岩质边坡动安全系数曲线。计算结果表明：不同 值情况下所得动安全系数数值不同,但曲线变化形状一样,最小安全系数均发生在相同时刻;另外,为更清晰地了解三维真实应力状态对安全系数的影响,从三维岩质边坡中抽取二维剖面进行了同样的计算。结果表明,在相同 值情况下,三维模型计算所得安全系数较二维模型大;随着 的增大,安全系数增大,说明不考虑中间主应力的二维计算结果低估了安全系数的大小,即三维真实应力状态下的边坡应具有更高的稳定性 相似文献