共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
2.
Rotational components of earthquake ground motion have not been considered for seismic analysis, design and performance assessment because recordings of these components are unavailable. A number of procedures have been proposed to extract rotational components of ground motion from translational time series recorded at multiple, closely spaced recording stations. In this paper, a new procedure that is capable of capturing higher frequency content in rotational time‐series is presented. The frequencies at which numerical errors are introduced in the solution, which are a function of apparent wave velocity and array dimension, are identified. Results are presented for the proposed procedure, the widely accepted geodetic method, and a single‐station procedure developed by the authors, all using data recorded at the Lotung array in Taiwan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
在准确揭示水文过程变化特性的基础上开展中长期(月尺度及以上)水文预报,是掌握未来水文情势和演变规律,以及研究解决实际水文水资源问题的重要基础.水文时间序列预报方法是揭示未来水文情势和演变规律的重要技术手段.本文首先梳理了目前常用的各类水文序列预报方法,分析讨论了各方法的基本原理和主要缺陷.然后,通过综合分析相关研究成果,总结得到关于水文序列预报方法的4点重要认识:序列预报前应进行序列分解;序列中确定成分和随机成分应分别建模预报;序列预报结果需要估计不确定性;模型集成效果常常优于单个模型效果.最后,提出一个水文时间序列概率预报方法的通用架构.利用该通用架构能够克服常规模型或方法的缺陷,进行物理成因分析的基础上,针对水文序列中不同特性的确定成分和随机成分别进行分析,既可得到准确的确定性预报结果,又可对预报结果的不确定性进行定量评估,并可提高最终预报结果的合理性和可靠性. 相似文献
4.
本文介绍湖南镇水库1982年5月22日ML=3.1级地震序列的近场地声观测和初步研究结果。观测表明:每一次地震都伴随地声。地声系相应地震事件辐射的高频弹性体波。其经由地面透射与空气耦合后形成可听地声。地声活动性在3.1级主震前后呈明显的阶段性变化特征。地声频率为60——250Hz,其加速度功率谱主频率fD为80——150Hz。研究了主频率的时间序列,发现前震期地声主频率由高值向低值转移,主震时达极低值。余震期内,主频率则由低值向高值回升,fD与ML呈幂函数关系fD=130.7(ML+2)-0.3。研究表明,地声主频率与时间、震级的相关性主要取决于震源破裂尺度,同时也与震源介质的应力状态和品质因数Q值变化有关。3.1级地震序列的近场地声观测和研究结果,与近年来国内外岩石破裂过程与声发射活动性和波谱特征的实验研究结果颇为一致。它表明,在矿山和地震活动区进行近场地声连续观测和实时分析,对岩爆和地震过程的预测有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
6.
声波方程数值模拟已广泛应用于理论地震计算,同时构成了地震逆时偏移成像技术的基础.对于有限差分法而言,在满足一定的稳定性条件时,普遍存在着因网格化而形成的数值频散效应.如何有效地缓解或压制数值频散是有限差分方法研究的关键所在.为精确求解空间偏导数,相继发展了高阶差分格式优化方法和伪谱方法.近期,为更好地缓解数值频散,提出了时间-空间域有限差分方法,该方法采用了泰勒展开近似方法来确定有限差分格式系数,因而只能保证在一定的小范围内很好的拟合波场传播规律.为进一步压制数值频散效应,本文引入了时间-空间域特定波数点满足频散关系的方法,根据震源、波速和网格间距确定波数范围,同时考虑了多个传播角度,然后建立方程确定了相应的有限差分格式系数,使得差分系数能在更大范围符合波场传播规律.通过频散分析和正演模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
7.
地震前兆观测时间序列的无量纲化，对多台项或多前兆观测时间序列综合信息提取是十分重要的，有利于区域性地震前兆监测系统各种短期或短临观测异常信息的统一表达和定量综合信息提取，直接为综合地震预报服务。本文给出了多种前兆观测时间无量纲化的一般表达，归纳了电磁，用于综合分析的几种探索性方法，供参阅。 相似文献
8.
Long-term trend analysis using discrete wavelet components of annual precipitations measurements in Marmara region (Turkey) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The purpose of this study is to determine the possible trends in annual total precipitation series by using the non-parametric methods such as the wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The wavelet trend (W-T) analysis is for the first time presented in this study. Using discrete wavelet components of measurement series, we aimed to find which periodicities are mainly responsible for trend of the measurement series. We found that some periodic events clearly affect the trend of precipitation series. 16-yearly periodic component is the effective component on Bal?kesir annual precipitation data and is responsible for producing a real trend founded on the data. Also, global wavelet spectra and continuous wavelet transform were used for analysis to precipitation time series in order to clarify time-scale characteristics of the measured series. The effects of regional differences on W-T analysis are checked by using records of measurement stations located in different climatic areas. The data set spans from 1929 to 1993 and includes precipitation records from meteorological stations of Turkey. The trend analysis on DW components of the precipitation time series (W-T model) clearly explains the trend structure of data. 相似文献
9.
A. V. Desherevskii V. I. Zhuravlev A. N. Nikolsky A. Ya. Sidorin 《Seismic Instruments》2017,53(1):46-59
Time series of geophysical monitoring data are very specific. They can contain complicated irregular variations and nonstationary effects of various kinds. Time-varying noise, numerous gaps in the data, trends, technical drawbacks, and other hardly predictable features are often present in these time series. These peculiarities demand special methods and procedures for acquisition and analysis of the data. The first part of the paper discusses the peculiarities of the software for such time series, and a brief review of the methods for solving the task is given. In the second part of the paper, the universal software package WinABD developed by the authors for multivariable analysis of geophysical time series will be described. The technologies realized in the software package and intended for analysis of similar signals will be considered. 相似文献
10.
对美国NGA数据库中的3551组地震记录按场地条件、震级、震中距进行了分组,采用一维连续小波变换得到每条记录的小波功率谱。研究任意时间处小波功率谱最大值所对应的主频率,并对每个地震动分组内的主频率值做一定时间窗内的均方根处理,分别采用线性函数、指数函数和指数三角函数模型来拟合得到的主频率随时间变化的曲线,最后分析了场地条件、震级和震中距对频率时变曲线的影响,并给出了每个分组内水平向和竖直向地震动主频率随时间变化的模型参数。结果表明:地震动主频率随时间的增大逐渐减小,但是竖直向要比水平向衰减得快一些。 相似文献
11.
Three methods for calculating the periodograms of superimposed epochs, designed for revealing and investigating periodic components
with nonharmonic signal forms are described. Examples of periodograms and Fourier spectra calculated for model time series
with known properties are presented. Comparative efficiency of the methods for signals of different forms is discussed. The
results of analysis of different experimental signals will be compared in a separate paper that will be a sequel to this work
on the optimized choice of methods for analysis of periodic processes. 相似文献
12.
云南GNSS时间序列共模分量提取分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对共模分量的精确获取问题,以2011—2018年云南31个GNSS连续站垂向时间序列为基础,选用区域叠加法和主成分分析法,提取得到共模分量的主要成分,对比分析了这两种方法的效果。结果表明:(1)由于云南垂向非线性运动空间一致性较好(测站间相关系数平均值为0.88),两种方法得到的共模分量较为一致;(2)两种方法提取得到的共模分量与全球水文负荷和大气负荷模型给出的位移时间序列接近(相关系数均为0.9),说明共模分量的主要成分为地表负荷变化引发的地壳垂向非构造运动;(3)共模分量不能用周期模型完全表示,还包含了年际间的运动差异等信息;(4)两种方法的空间滤波效果非常接近(WRMS减速比平均值都为0.70),测站的空间滤波效果与测站间相关系数呈显著的正相关。由于区域叠加法对测站数据完整率要求相对较低,因此建议当测站较少或者数据缺失较多时,采用区域叠加法;在测站较多且数据完整率较高时,建议采用主成分分析法。 相似文献
13.
结构主动控制系统时间滞后测量与补偿方法 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文研究了结构主动控制系统时间滞后产生的原因,利用作者建立的结构主动控制系统进行了系统时间滞后测量方法的研究,测量得到了该系统时间滞后的具体数值,在此基础上,研究了时间滞后对控制系统的影响,提出了结构主动控制系统时间滞后的三种补偿,即移相法,泰勒级数展开法和预估状态向量法,通过主动控制试验证了时间滞后补偿方法的有效性。 相似文献
14.
利用全波场和分波场算法对裸眼井软地层中由单极子源和多极子源（偶极子源和四极子源）激发的弹性波进行了数值研究,给出了声波全波列理论波形、纯纵波和纯横渡理论波形及纵横波的频率传输特性曲线.结果表明,纯纵波和纯横波是无频散几何衰减波;除了在vs>（1-ρ1/ρ2）1/2v1的井眼中由单极子源激发的横波无传播特征频率外,纵横波都具有各自的传播特征频率,纵波的传播特征频率有一系列离散值,横波的传播特征频率只有一个且等于非对称模式波的截止频率;多极子源激发的纵波传播特征频率的最小值大于横波的传播特征频率,随着极子数增多,二者的特征频率值皆增高,差别也越大,因此,当声源发射主频较低,接近横波传播特征频率而远离纵波传播特征频率时,低频多极子源将压制纵波并激发出较强的横波,分析结果还表明,通常所说的低频多极子源激发出的横波波群实际上是纯横波与截止频率附近的非对称模式波叠加的结果,在其它条件不变时,二老对横波波群相对贡献的大小取决于声源激发主频的高低及其带宽的大小. 相似文献
15.
C.A.F. Marques J.A. Ferreira A. Rocha J.M. Castanheira P. Melo-Gonçalves N. Vaz J.M. Dias 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2006,31(18):1172-1179
The singular spectrum analysis (SSA) technique is applied to some hydrological univariate time series to assess its ability to uncover important information from those series, and also its forecast skill. The SSA is carried out on annual precipitation, monthly runoff, and hourly water temperature time series. Information is obtained by extracting important components or, when possible, the whole signal from the time series. The extracted components are then subject to forecast by the SSA algorithm. It is illustrated the SSA ability to extract a slowly varying component (i.e. the trend) from the precipitation time series, the trend and oscillatory components from the runoff time series, and the whole signal from the water temperature time series. The SSA was also able to accurately forecast the extracted components of these time series. 相似文献
16.
Spatial and temporal patterns of the long-range extreme monthly Elbe River flows across Germany are investigated, using various statistical methods, among others, principal component and wavelet analysis. Characteristic time scales are derived for various time series statistics. The wavelet analysis of the raw river discharge data as well as of the major principal component reveal the main oscillatory components and their temporal behavior, namely low frequency oscillations at interannual (6.9 yr) and interdecadal (13.9 yr) scales. The EOFs at ungauged stations are estimated from the principal components of the observed time series sampled over a limited time span whose length equals the major temporal variability scale (≈7 yr). The EOFs (empirical orthogonal functions) obtained in this way are subsequently used to simulate long-range flows at these locations. A comparison of this method with linear interpolation and ordinary kriging of the EOF shows the superiority of the former in representing the distributional properties of the observed time series. The simulated time series preserve also short and long-memory. 相似文献
17.
B. M. GURBUZ 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(2):421-438
Amplitude spectra of input FM signals used in the vibratory source method of seismic exploration often show undesirable oscillations near the initial and terminal frequencies. These oscillations have an effect on the correlation background and distort the output signal. Considerable improvement in reducing the amplitude of these oscillations is obtained using a proper taper fuction. Attention is given to the relation between the tapering time and bandwidth of the spectrum. Analyses of the spectra of the received data from vibratory sources show considerable attenuation in comparison with the original field sweep. Since the matched filtering process will result in a series of waveforms which have the shape of the autocorrelation of the input signal, consideration is given to the autocorrelation function and its zero-lag coefficient of the FM signal in the presence of attenuation. A method has been developed which compensates for the attenuation and recovers the distortion of waveforms when the received data is correlated. The design of a waveform shaping filter for vibratory source data is given to reduce the influence of phase distortion on the received waveforms as well as to increase S/N ratio resolution. Parameters used for this filter are based on the properties of the FM signal and its autocorrelation function. Several examples from field data are presented to illustrate the methods. The results indicate that the use of the above techniques yields sections with good frequency resolution and improved S/N ratio. 相似文献
18.
David H. Shonting 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1970,81(1):202-210
Summary Data are presented concerning Reynolds Stresses in wind waves obtained from time series records of horizontal and vertical velocity components of motion beneath the ocean free surface. The stresses, of the order of 25 dyne cm–2, are generally positive indicating horizontal momentum transfer downward through the dynamic wind wave regime. The magnitude of the observed stress increases with wind speed and sea state. The co-spectra show strong negative peaks which appear at the ambient wave frequencies and indicate that the correlations or eddy stresses of the gross wave motions are responsible for the momentum flux. This is a corroboration of results reported previously by the writer in this journal. 相似文献
19.
Ceyhun Özçelik N. Orhan Baykan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):587-601
This study aims to develop an improved time series model to overcome difficulties in modeling monthly short term stream flows. The periodic, serial dependent and independent components of the classical time series models are improved separately by information transfer from a surrounding long term gauging station to the considered flow section having short term records. Eventually, an improved model preserving the mathematical model structure of the classical time series model, while improving general and monthly statistics of the monthly stream flows, is derived by using the improved components instead of the short term model components in the time series modeling. The correlative relationships between the current short term and surrounding long term stations are used to improve periodic and serial dependent behaviors of monthly flows. Independent components (residuals) are improved via the parameters defining their theoretical probability distribution. The improved model approach is tested by using 50 year records of Göksu-Himmetli (1801) and Göksu-Gökdere (1805) flow monitoring stations located on the Ceyhan river basin, in south of Turkey. After 50 year records of the station 1801 are separated into five 10 year sub series, their improved and classical time series models are computed and compared with the real long-term (50 year) time series model of this station to reveal efficiencies of the improved models for each subseries (sub terms with 10 year observation). The comparisons are realized based on the model components, model estimates and general/monthly statistics of model estimates. Finally, some evaluations are made on the results compared to the regression method classically applied in the literature. 相似文献
20.
Batrice Morel Hassan Bencherif Philippe Keckhut Serge Baldy Alain Hauchecorne 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(18)
Systematic measurements of the middle-atmosphere temperature by a RAYLEIGH LIDAR located at La Réunion Island (20.8°S–55.5°E) has led to a preliminary study of the tidal effects in the height range of 30–70 km. Two analysis methods able to estimate the mean nighttime evolution of the temperature have been compared. Method 1 consists in averaging the temperature deviations from the nightly mean over several successive nights of measurement for given local solar times (LST); method 2 consists in averaging the raw data over the period of observation for given LST and in deriving afterwards the mean nighttime evolution of the temperature profiles. Some consistent LST-related structures have been observed with both methods, though better results have been obtained with method 1. One possible explanation for the differences between the two methods is the use of a series of data ranging from 4 to 8 h/night, depending on the meteorological conditions. In contrast to method 2, method 1 allows to correct the mean temperature for a given night, when the measurement window is different from night to night. Method 1 has been applied to two time series recorded in October and November 1995. The results clearly show the presence of tidal components with a downward phase propagation, specifically a warmer early night and a colder midnight in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere. This behaviour is consistent with other LIDAR measurements made at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, a close comparison with the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) tidal model predictions has also pointed out some similarities. Yet, large discrepancies in magnitude are also observed: as already reported in previous studies, the amplitudes predicted by GSWM are more than two times smaller compared to the corresponding values observed with the LIDAR. 相似文献