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ARGO计划是由美国等国家的大气、海洋科学家于 1 998年推出的一个全球海洋观测试验项目 ,旨在快速、准确、大范围收集全球海洋上层的海水温、盐度剖面资料 ,以提高气候预报的精度 ,有效防御全球日益严重的气候灾害 (如飓风、龙卷风、台风、冰暴、洪水和干旱等 )给人类造成的威胁。ARGO是“Array for Real-time Geostro-phic Oceanography(地转海洋学实时观测阵 )”的缩写 ,通俗称“ARGO全球海洋观测网”。ARGO计划构想用 3～ 4 a时间 ( 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年 )在全球大洋中每隔 3 0 0 km布放 1个卫星跟踪浮标 ,总计为 3 0 0 0个 ,组… 相似文献
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中国ARGO计划发展状况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ARGO全球海洋观测网计划是借助卫星定位和通讯系统向地面接受站实时发送海洋温度和盐度数据以及浮标位置等信息的计划。本文全面介绍了中国加入国际ARGO计划的背景情况和意义、我国ARGO计划的实施情况、国际ARGO计划的发展现状及我国实施ARGO计划的总体设想。 相似文献
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ARGO全球海洋观测网与我国海洋监测技术的发展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文主要介绍了最近国际上继“热带海洋大气观测网”（后），正在建立的又一个更大规模的全球海洋观测网，即“地转海洋学实时观测阵（ARGO）”的建设及进展情况。并浅析了该网对我国大气、海洋科学研究的科学意义，以及我国加入该观测网建设的重要性和必要性。 相似文献
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ARGO浮标是用于建立全球海洋观测网的一种专用测量设备。本文基于XML技术,设计了一个ARGO数据交换原型系统,以Internet为数据交换平台、XML为数据中介,实现了一种海洋数据的集成和交换关键技术方法。 相似文献
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国际上几种海洋元数据内容剖析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了国际上几种海洋元数据内容和运行背景．主要有MEDI、ODAS元数据、EDIOS、EDMED和ARGO元数据。并对这些元数据的特点进行了归纳、分析和比较。提出了海洋元数据描述对象和建立目的在海洋信息元数据标准建设中的重要性。希望能对我国海洋信息化建设的元数据技术研究和开发提供参考。 相似文献
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1990年政府间海洋学委员会(IOC)和世界气象组织(WMO)联合提出全球海洋观测系统计划,希望通过10～15年各成员国的努力,建立一个永久性的海洋观测系统,对包括海岸带和沿海地区的全球海洋进行实时监测,为认识海洋、合理开发利用海洋,保护海洋提供科学依据。为了推动全球海洋观测系统的建设,1993 相似文献
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国际ARGO计划对我们的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文概述了国际ARGO计划的科学目标和可能得到的成果，分析了参加ARGO计划对我国海洋技术发展的牵动作用，阐述了ARGO计划对我们的启示。分析了海洋技术对海洋科学发展的推动作用，强调了没有一流的海洋技术手段就不可能有一流的海洋科学成就，而技术的发展需要积累，需要强大的综合国力和良好的工业基础，海洋科学和海洋技术应协调发展。 相似文献
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Mussel Watch II, ‘Chemical changes in the coastal zone’, Honolulu, Hawaii, 7–11 November 1983 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2005,29(1):1-7
Empowerment is both a condition and a goal of fisheries co-management. In this paper I attempt to explain what empowerment means, what it requires, and what can be expected from it. The concept emphasizes psychological as well as sociological factors. It works at an individual and a collective level. For fisheries co-management to become sustainable, empowerment must occur at both levels. Thus, co-management entails more than institutional design and participatory democracy. It also requires capacity enhancement. The good news is that these processes are mutually dependent and reinforcing. They should therefore proceed hand in hand, and it does not matter very much which of them is undertaken first. 相似文献
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Pierre Anschutz Thomas SmithAurélia Mouret Jonathan DebordeStéphane Bujan Dominique PoirierPascal Lecroart 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Sandy sediments of continental shelves and most beaches are often thought of as geochemical deserts because they are usually poor in organic matter and other reactive substances. The present study focuses on analyses of dissolved biogenic compounds of surface seawater and pore waters of Aquitanian coastal beach sediments. To quantitatively assess the biogeochemical reactions, we collected pore waters at low tide on tidal cross-shore transects unaffected by freshwater inputs. We recorded temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation state, and nutrient concentrations. These parameters were compared to the values recorded in the seawater entering the interstitial environment during floods. Cross-shore topography and position of piezometric level at low tide were obtained from kinematics GPS records. Residence time of pore waters was estimated by a tracer approach, using dissolved silica concentration and kinetics estimate of quartz dissolution with seawater. Kinetics parameters were based on dissolved silica concentration monitoring during 20-day incubations of sediment with seawater. We found that seawater that entered the sediment during flood tides remained up to seven tidal cycles within the interstitial environment. Oxygen saturation of seawater was close to 100%, whereas it was as low as 80% in pore waters. Concentrations of dissolved nutrients were higher in pore waters than in seawater. These results suggest that aerobic respiration occurred in the sands. We propose that mineralised organic matter originated from planktonic material that infiltrated the sediment with water during flood tides. Therefore, the sandy tidal sediment of the Aquitanian coast is a biogeochemical reactor that promotes or accelerates remineralisation of coastal pelagic primary production. Mass balance calculations suggest that this single process supplies about 37 kmol of nitrate and 1.9 kmol of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to the 250-km long Aquitanian coast during each semi-diurnal tidal cycle. It represents about 1.5% of nitrate and 5% of DIP supplied by the nearest estuary. 相似文献
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Chiral composites as underwater acoustic attenuators 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shiuh-Kuang Yang Shao-Yi Hsia 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2000,25(1):139-145
A plane-wave propagation in an elastic matrix containing the structural chiral microstructures is employed to model the dynamic response of a particles-mixture composite. Two nondispersive longitudinal wavenumbers and four dispersive circularly polarized transverse wavenumbers result from the dispersion equation of the so-called effective chiral (isotropic, noncentrosymmetric) composite. Our previous research indicated both that two transition frequencies divide the frequency spectrum of the transverse wavenumbers into three varying groups and that the four transverse modes can be distinguished only in a specified frequency range. This study illustrates the reflected and transmitted characteristics at a fluid-chiral interface at certain frequencies. The reflected and transmitted fields at the fluid-isotropic interface are solved to depict the effects of the chirality. The chiral material should instigate a reducible reflected plane wave and may be used as an anechoic coating to “absorb” sound underwater, due to the mode conversion of the chirality in the chiral medium 相似文献
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It has been shown that the main mechanism which produces the Knudsen region of the ambient noise spectrum is the free oscillations of bubbles. Some experimental results which seem to confirm these facts and to refute various alternative theories involving spray impacts and turbulent forcing of bubble oscillations are described. The results show that the mechanism which excites the bubbles is their formation at the surface; once a bubble has been formed and has radiated the excess energy resulting from its formation, it is more or less silent. It is possible for extremely violent conditions to re-excite bubbles by breaking them into smaller fractions, but it is not clear how important this process would be in the ocean. How the entrainment process imparts energy to the bubble is discussed 相似文献
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On the basis of systems analysis of the consumption and reproduction of marine resources, a conceptual model for the management
of maritime-industrial complexes is suggested. The management of such complexes calls for simulation experiments, with involvement
of models for the respective marine ecological-economic systems. A new method of dynamic-stochastic modelling is suggested
to generate models synthesizing the expert-and-analytical approach to the estimation of the system's dynamic operator with
the method of Kalman's adaptive filtration.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
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Fisheries are complex human-in-nature systems. The conventional approach to fisheries systems has been to treat them as predictable and controllable. As complex systems they are neither of the two and have to be approached differently. Complex systems often exhibit the capacity to self-organize or adapt, even without outside influence. If this is true of fisheries, it should lead to a radically different approach to management of fisheries systems that places much emphasis on enabling self-organization, learning and adaptation. Conceptual and practical frameworks for enabling activities are needed. 相似文献
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The use of a system of continuous culture of phytoplankton at constant population density, the ‘cage-culture’ turbidostat, as a monitor of the bioavailability of pollutant materials, is illustrated. In the case of proposed dredge spoils from two polluted areas, it is shown that bulk analyses for scheduled materials cannot be equated with bioavailability. Monitoring for the effect of the whole pollutant mixture on a properly chosen test population could obviate the necessity for chemical analyses for each component. 相似文献