共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
经典风化限制理论认为,当剥蚀速度较低时,岩石在风化带的存留时间长,表现为一致性完全风化,化学风化通量受新鲜岩石的供应限制,与剥蚀速度成正比,即为"供应限制";当剥蚀速度较高时,岩石充分暴露,风化强度低,化学风化通量受温度、降水量等动力学因子限制,即为"动力学限制"。供应限制是构造抬升影响硅酸盐风化吸收大气CO_2进而改变气候的关键。动力学限制形成了化学风化通量与大气CO_2含量之间的负反馈,是维持构造时间尺度地球宜居性和碳循环平衡的关键。但是,风化限制理论模型并未得到充分实证。本文将介绍利用流域溶解态铀同位素证明风化限制理论的原理与研究进展。全球数据总结发现,流域铀同位素与物理剥蚀速率之间在整体上呈现U形函数关系,可用经典风化限制理论解释。但河流的铀同位素还受岩性、气候、地貌等其他因素的影响。利用已知风化年代的单一岩性流域是河流铀同位素验证风化限制理论的重要途径。 相似文献
2.
河流是多个生态系统间物质输送的重要纽带,其输送的物质对于环境生态有重大影响.河流物质的地球化学组成反映了流域的水文、降水、岩石、土壤、植被及物理、化学风化和流域的环境变化,通过对河水的地球化学组成研究可以获得有关流域盆地化学风化、生态环境变化和人为活动输入等重要信息[1]. 相似文献
3.
不同构造带硅酸盐化学风化率的制约:气候还是构造? 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
虽然构造—风化-气候之间的制约关系仍然存在各种争论,但无疑的是,硅酸盐矿物的化学风化是调节地质时间尺度全球大气二氧化碳分压,进而保持地球表层气候稳定的关键性因素。目前最大的挑战在于如何理解地表制约硅酸盐矿物化学风化的因素,特别是当仅仅从气候要素变化难以解释长时间尺度硅酸盐化学风化率的时候。综合不同构造区内岩石物理剥蚀率和硅酸盐化学风化率的数据表明,不同时间、空间尺度硅酸盐风化率与构造和气候之间既存在相互耦合也存在矛盾的关系,仅仅归因于单一要素是不能得到圆满解释的。构造隆升区的强剥蚀可能是造成硅酸盐风化率增加的重要因素之一,但是将晚新生代地表系统的各种变化与各构造带（如青藏高原）的阶段性隆升联系起来可能是草率的。在不同类型构造带内,气候和构造对硅酸盐风化的制约并非是相互排斥的,特别是长时间尺度,因此“构造隆升-化学风化-气候变化”假说也正面临着全新的挑战。 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐风化碳汇与森林碳汇的对比——碳汇研究思路和方法变革的必要性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
目前,全球碳循环研究主要集中在海洋碳汇以及陆地土壤和植被碳汇,而对岩石风化碳汇仅考虑地质长时间尺度的硅酸盐风化作用,而认为碳酸盐风化在长时间尺度上对碳汇无贡献。然而,碳酸盐相对于硅酸盐有快得多的溶解速度,且对全球变化(特别是气候和CO2变化)的响应迅速,同时由于生物作用和人为活动的影响,使得碳酸盐风化碳汇的能力需要重新评价。最新的研究发现,由碳酸盐溶解、全球水循环及水生生物光合利用溶解无机碳共同作用,即水-岩-气-生相互作用形成的大气碳汇,远远大于之前只估计了河流输运的无机碳汇,其量级与森林碳汇量相当,因此有必要对传统的碳汇研究思路和方法进行某些变革,这有可能为解决所谓的全球“碳失汇”问题找到一条出路。 相似文献
5.
安徽大别山潜水流域河水、地表积水和泉水的化学组成表明,该流域河水的化学组成主要受岩石的控制,土壤表层物质溶解对河水贡献不是主要的。流域每年化学风化产生的固相残余(次生粘土矿物和未进行化学风化的石英)低于年平均输沙量,剥蚀速率几乎是亚马逊河的4倍,反映了该地区水土流失严重,化学风化形成的成土物质基本上没有积存,属应当增加植被和加强水土保持工作的地区。 相似文献
6.
7.
南水北调中线水源地河水地球化学特征与流域侵蚀 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丹江口水库及其上游流域是南水北调中线工程的水源地,本文讨论了水源地河流水化学与锶同位素(87Sr/86Sr)组成变化特征,目的在于了解水源地流域河流地表水溶质的物质来源以及岩石风化侵蚀过程和人为活动的影响。流域内河流水化学组成以Ca2+、HCO3-为主,Mg2+和SO42-次之,反映了碳酸盐岩风化溶解起控制作用的典型特征。水化学分析表明水源地河水受到工农业活动等人为因素的影响;河流87Sr/86Sr同位素地球化学研究表明,流域岩石风化输入至少存在三个不同端员(硅酸岩、石灰岩和白云岩)之间的混合。水源地流域内硅酸岩和碳酸岩的风化侵蚀速率分别为38.6和4.4 t/km2.a,总岩石风化侵蚀速率高于全球河流平均值。 相似文献
8.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>大陆岩石化学风化作为大洋可容元素的主要来源,在大洋生物-地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用,硅酸盐岩化学风化通过调节大气CO2浓度而稳定着全球气候变化[1]。大陆硅酸盐岩化学风化受到岩性、构背景以及气候因素的多重控制,但硅酸盐岩化学风化是全球碳循环过程中的一种负反馈作用,还是气候变化的驱动者?两者之间的相互作用机制仍然存在很大争议,研究大陆硅酸盐岩化学风化对过去气候变化的响应过程是解决这些争议的关键[2-3]。然而,受到风化产物物源、搬运过程,沉积环境变化的多重影响, 相似文献
9.
大陆、海洋是地球两大生态系统,大陆与海洋之间物质与能量的交换是地球科学及全球变化研究的重要内容.陆源物质主要通过河流搬运输送、大气干湿沉降等方式进入海洋,陆地岩石风化和剥蚀所形成的砂、粉砂和粘土是海洋沉积物的重要来源. 相似文献
10.
硅酸盐岩通过与二氧化碳的化学反应,去除大气二氧化碳并将其封存在风化产物或海洋碳酸盐岩中,是影响全球碳循环以及气候变化的要素之一。定量计算全球硅酸盐岩通过风化作用消耗的二氧化碳总量是了解地球现今与过去气候变化的关键。作者系统调研了5个硅酸盐岩化学风化—二氧化碳消耗定量模型的数据来源、研究方法、计算公式以及各模型的主要影响因素,并且以最新的Celine模型所计算得出的二氧化碳消耗量为参考标准,对比了各模型的优缺点与适用范围。现有模型估计全球硅酸盐岩化学风化的二氧化碳消耗量为69～169 Tg/yr,其中各模型的主要参数包括气候(温度、径流)与岩性,次要参数包括构造隆升、火山与植物作用等。在未来探索硅酸盐岩化学风化所消耗二氧化碳的定量计算中,应考虑更多控制作用的影响以及各因素之间的相互联系。此外,利用大数据分析方法将这些定量模型推广应用于深时地球古气候重建可能是未来的研究趋势。 相似文献
11.
Carbon sink produced during rock weathering is critical to global carbon cycles. In this work, we analyzed the major ion chemistry of the Chishuihe River Basin, and the major ion composition of the Chishuihe River system and the principal component analysis was applied for estimating the weathering rate and atmospheric CO2 consumption via the rock chemical weathering. The results demonstrated that the chemical composition of the river was dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HC and S. The average concentration(317.88 mg/L) of the total dissolved solids within the Chishuihe River was higher than the average value (65 mg/L) of world rivers. The Gibbs graph combining major ion element ratio analysis indicated that the catchment major ion composition mainly originated from rock weathering, primarily from carbonate weathering, sparsely from silicate weathering. Carbonate and silicate weathering contributed 70.77% and 5.03% separately to the dissolved loads. The anthropogenic and precipitation impact was limited. According to calculation based on principal component and the ion composition characteristics, the chemical weathering rate was 126.716 t/(km2·a), significantly higher than that of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, and also higher than the average rate of the global major rivers. The CO2 consumption flux based on annual average runoff was 10.96×109 mol/a, and the CO2 consumption rate by chemical weathering was 5.79×105 mol/(km2·a). 相似文献
12.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(23-24):4037-4051
This study focuses on the major and trace element composition of suspended sediments transported by the world’s largest rivers. Its main purpose is to answer the following question: is the degree of weathering of modern river-borne particles consistent with the estimated river dissolved loads derived from silicate weathering?In agreement with the well known mobility of elements during weathering of continental rocks, we confirm that river sediments are systematically depleted in Na, K, Ba with respect to the Upper Continental Crust. For each of these mobile elements, a systematics of weathering indexes of river-borne solids is attempted. A global consistency is found between all these indexes. Important variations in weathering intensities exist. A clear dependence of weathering intensities with climate is observed for the rivers draining mostly lowlands. However, no global correlation exists between weathering intensities and climatic or relief parameters because the trend observed for lowlands is obscured by rivers draining orogenic zones. An inverse correlation between weathering intensities and suspended sediment concentrations is observed showing that the regions having the highest rates of physical denudation produce the least weathered sediments. Finally, chemical and physical weathering are compared through the use of a simple steady state model. We show that the weathering intensities of large river suspended sediments can only be reconciled with the (silicate-derived) dissolved load of rivers, by admitting that most of the continental rocks submitted to weathering in large river basins have already suffered previous weathering cycles. A simple graphical method is proposed for calculating the proportion of sedimentary recycling in large river basins. Finally, even if orogenic zones produce weakly weathered sediments, we emphasize the fact that silicate chemical weathering rates (and hence CO2 consumption rates by silicate weathering) are greatly enhanced in mountains simply because the sediment yields in orogenic drainage basins are higher. Hence, the parameters that control chemical weathering rates would be those that control physical denudation rates. 相似文献
13.
The Lesser Antilles have very high chemical weathering rates, with values that can reach 1290 t/km2/a. The tropical environment induces high precipitation rates, high temperature, dense vegetation, with sharp relief and thick soils. Because of volcanic activity, frequent pyroclastic flows produce very erodible and porous materials. In addition, agriculture induces important land use changes which replace existing native forest cover with banana and sugar cane plantations. Their surface can cover as much as 40% of the total area of a river basin. The aim of this study is to identify key parameters, either natural or anthropogenic, that control chemical weathering rates. Among the combined impact of all parameters (climate, runoff, slopes, vegetation etc.), basin age seems to be the control parameter: the younger the basin, the higher the weathering rate. A correlation between the chemical weathering rate and the basin age suggests that young volcanic rocks are more easily weathered than old ones: young fresh material is easily mobilized by erosion, while for older rocks with thick soil covers, chemical rates are much lower. A combined effect between the higher erodibility and a higher climate erosivity of the younger relief could be observed. Moreover, a correlation between banana plantations and the chemical weathering rates that can be explained by an increase of infiltration, due to stem flow processes is shown here. Banana plantations also have a correlation with the basin age, older basins being more favorable terrains for cultivation. 相似文献
14.
Canfield DE 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1997,61(16):3349-3365
15.
Chemical weathering is an integral part of the earth surface processes, whose spatial patterns and controlling factors on continental scale are still not fully understood. Highlands of the Asian continent have been shown having some of the highest observed rates of chemical weathering yet reported. However, the paucity of river gauge data in many of these terrains has limited determination of chemical weathering budget in a continental scale. A dataset of three large watersheds throughout northern Xinjiang in Central Asia is used to empirically identify chemical weathering regimes and interpret the underlying controlling factors. Detailed analysis of major ion ratios and a forward model of mass budget procedure are presented to distinguish the relative significances and contributions of silicate, carbonate weathering and evaporite dissolution. The analytical results show that carbonic acid is the most important weathering agent to the studied watersheds. Silicate weathering contributes, on average, ∼17.8% (molar basis) of total cations on a basin wide scale with an order of Zhungarer > Erlqis > Yili, indicating that silicate weathering, however, does not seem to be intense in the study basins. Evaporite dissolution, carbonate weathering and precipitation input contribute 43.6%, 29.7% and 8.9% of the total dissolved cations on average for the whole catchment, respectively. The three main morphological and hydrological units are reflected in water chemistry. Rivers from the montane areas (recharge area) of the three watersheds are very dilute, dominated by carbonate and silicate weathering, whereas the rivers of piedmont areas as well as the rivers of the sedimentary platform (runoff area) are dominated by carbonate weathering, and rivers of desert plain in the central Zhungarer basin (discharge area) are dominated by evaporite dissolution and are SO4 rich. This spatial pattern indicates that, beside lithology, runoff conditions have significant role on the regional chemical weathering regimes. Chemical weathering processes in the areas appear to be significantly climate controlled, displaying a tight correlation with runoff and aridity. Carbonate weathering are mostly influenced by runoff, which is higher in the mountainous part of the studied basins. The identification of chemical weathering regimes from our study confirmed the weathering potential and complexity of temperate watersheds in arid environment and that additional studies of these terrains are warranted. However, because the dominant weathering reactions in the sedimentary platform of northern Xinjiang are of carbonates and evaporites rather than silicate minerals, and the climatic factors have important role on the rock weathering regimes, we think that weathering at the arid temperate drainage system (Central Asia) is maybe not an important long-term sink for atmospheric CO2, if the future climate has no great change. 相似文献
16.
亚洲主要河流的沉积地球化学示踪研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
发源于喜马拉雅—青藏高原的亚洲几条大河的河流地球化学研究揭示了高原隆升、流域风化剥蚀、大气CO2消耗和亚洲季风气候变化之间的耦合关系。研究认为南亚主要河流流域的化学风化对全球大气CO2消耗和海洋化学通量变化贡献较大,河流沉积地球化学研究反映的高原阶段性隆升过程、流域剥蚀速率以及亚洲季风演化信息也明显比东亚主要河流的记录清晰;尤其是最近几年运用河流碎屑单矿物化学和年代学方法来示踪流域构造演化、沉积物从源到汇过程以及河流演化历史等,取得了许多重要的研究成果。比较而言,我国的河流在元素地球化学和水化学组成方面虽然开展了大量基础研究工作,但目前急需进一步提炼科学目标,与国际性的研究计划结合,综合多学科的研究力量,在研究思路和关键方法上需要突破和深入,加强研究的广度和深度。长江更可以作为一个突破口和研究平台,来开展深入的沉积地球化学示踪研究。 相似文献
17.
D. Padmalal K. Sreelash Vipin T. Raj K. Sajan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(5):568-578
The present study deals with the discharge characteristics, major ion chemistry as well as particulate and dissolved sediment transport of the Bharathapuzha river flowing across the Western Ghats through the Palghat gap - a prominent break in the Western Ghats that acts as a climate corridor in the region. While the western part of the basin in Kerala exhibits a wetter/humid climate, the eastern part in Tamil Nadu experiences a semi-arid climate. This peculiar climatic condition together with human interventions has a decisive role on the discharge characteristics as well as catchment erosion of the river basin. The dissolved and particulate contents of the river waters were found to be directly related to the geo-environmental settings of the river catchments. An intercomparison of elemental loading in the river waters in different seasons reveals notable decrease in monsoon compared to nonmonsoon seasons, which is attributed mainly to dilution of the solute contents by monsoon precipitation. The bivariate plots of Na/(Na+Ca) vs Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Cl/(Cl+HCO3) vs TDS spread generally in the rock dominance sector of Gibb’s model indicating the role of chemical weathering in contributing to the major ion chemistry of the Bharathapuzha river. The intensity of weathering varied significantly among the different sub-basins of the Bharathapuzha river basin. The higher particulate load by dissolved load ratio of the Thuthapuzha and Gayathripuzha tributaries draining the humid areas compared to the Chitturpuzha tributary draining the semi-arid zones of the basin indicates the predominance of physical weathering in the former two sub-basins than the latter. 相似文献
18.
硅酸盐岩风化对气候变化和构造运动的反馈对长尺度气候变化可能起到重要的调节作用,对该反馈过程的定量认识有助于更确切理解地球碳循环的运行规律。通常认为风化类型可分为两种,分别是供应限制和动力学限制。全球变暖可能促进了动力学限制流域的化学风化作用,然而,关于这方面的认识仍很有限。育空河流域是典型的动力学限制风化区域,研究育空河的风化对气候变暖的响应有助于深入认识气候和大陆风化之间的相互作用。正演模型是区分河流风化端元的重要手段,文章利用正演模型对育空河流域从1975年到2019年的主要离子组成的数据集进行分析,并获得了该流域在过去几十年的化学风化速率的变化趋势。结果表明,育空河水化学性质主要受到碳酸盐岩风化和硅酸盐岩风化控制,两者多年平均碳汇通量分别为2.1×1011 mol/yr和4.1×1010 mol/yr,处于世界主要大河碳汇通量的中间水平。更重要的是,在同一时期,伴随着2.2℃的温度增幅和13.7%的径流量增加,流域内的阳离子总通量增加了35.7%,其中硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩风化产生的阳离子通量分别增加了41%和35%,阳离子通量/风化速率对气候的敏感性与冰岛地区的研究结果符合的很好,与风化速率加快相对应的,硅酸盐岩风化碳汇通量相对增加了59.6%。尽管碳汇的增加在绝对通量上相比人类化石燃烧产生的碳排放通量微不足道,但是考虑到构造尺度内全球硅酸盐岩风化速率的增强,尤其是在较为寒冷的高纬度地区,额外的二氧化碳固定量可能对地球历史时期的全球气候产生重要影响。 相似文献
19.
新生代构造抬升对地表化学风化和全球气候变化的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
全球新生代构造抬升 ,特别是南亚喜马拉雅青藏高原和南美安底斯山脉和Altiplano高原在新生代的抬升对地表化学风化和全球气候变化产生了重要影响。它对地表化学风化的影响主要表现为引起造山带地区化学风化能力的提高 ;而它对全球气候变化的影响则主要表现在两个方面 ,一是直接的物理影响 ,即通过对大气和海洋循环的影响来对大气变化产生作用 ;一是通过对地表硅酸盐岩石的化学风化造成大气CO2 变化和全球温度的改变 ,从而对气候变化产生间接的生物化学效应。目前看来 ,新生代构造抬升造成的大气CO2 浓度减少是造成全球新生代气候变冷的重要原因。这已得到了近 10年来计算机大气环流模型 (GCMs)数值模拟和野外实验研究的支持 ,但在关于地表化学风化的主要控制因素 ,以及海洋Sr同位素是否可作为反映地表化学风化速率变化的替代性标志和气候变化反馈机制等方面 ,还需要作进一步研究。 相似文献