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1.
The concept of‘Beautiful China'is a new goal of ecological construction in the new era of socialism and aims to meet the needs of people as they strive for a better life.National land spatial planning is one major component of the Chinese state's overall planning for various spatial types.The concept of‘Beautiful China'is thus a leading goal of Chinese development in the second centenary.The background of this concept aims for‘ecological beauty'as well as the combined beauty of‘economy-politics-culture-society-ecology.'The construction of‘Beautiful China'therefore necessitates a differentiated evaluation index system that is built on the basis of local conditions.This concept is intimately related to land spatial planning and the idea of Beautiful China guides an important direction for this planning which itself provides an important mechanism and spatial guarantee for construction.The establishment of land spatial planning nevertheless needs to strengthen further discussion of the regional system of human-land relationship,point axis system,main functional division,sustainable development,resources and environmental carrying capacity as well as new urbanization,and the rural multi-system.The aim of this paper is to summarize current thinking in land spatial planning,scientifically analyze the natural geographical conditions,the socioeconomic development,the interrelationship of the land space,plan the goal,vision and path of land space,encourage the public to participate in and carry out dynamic evaluation,build an intelligent system platform for land and spatial planning to realize the goal of‘Beautiful China'from a geographical perspective.And they can also present key ideas relating to the compilation and implementation of land spatial planning. 相似文献
2.
Evaluating the effectiveness of protecting nature assets is a vital component of responsive, pro-active management of protected areas. It is important to protect reserves of geological(including fossils) assets as a means to also protect national and natural heritage. At the end of 2013, 2669 protected areas had been established in China and 123 of them are reserves for nature assets. This paper builds an evaluation framework for protection effectiveness of these assets. The current elements and characteristics for effective protection are analyzed, along with an analysis of existing problems so as to construct a scientific approach to protect these assets. The influencing elements and characteristics for effective protection of nature asset reserves are included in an index evaluation system for effective protection in such areas, which contains four parts–target layer, evaluation criteria, evaluation indexes, and evaluation parameters–based on related documents and files. For the target layer, it includes nature asset evaluation and management evaluation. In the end, it is discussed how to build a comprehensive evaluation model and achieve an effective quantitative evaluation. 相似文献
3.
环境伦理与区域可持续发展(英文) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The scientific environmental ethics plays a key role in the recognition of the human-environment interactions. Modern environmental ethics is the philosophical re-thinking of modern human race environmental behavior. The development of environmental ethics theory, as well as its application in reality, determines the viewpoints of environmental ethics. Sustainable development implies harmony on human-environment interactions and inter-generation responsibility, with emphasis on a harmonious relationship among population, resources, environment and development, so as to lay a sustainable and healthy foundation of resources and environment for future generations. The harmonious society construction in China that is raised by the Chinese central government should be covered by environmental ethics. The connotation of open environmental ethics includes a respect for nature, care for the individual human race, and respect for the development of future generations, which means giving consideration to natural values, individual and human race benefits and welfare across generations. The role of environmental ethics in regional development consists of cognition, criticism, education, inspiration, adjusting, legislation and promoting environmental regulations. The major problems in regional development are extensive resource exploration, fast population growth, irrational industrial structure, unfair welfare distribution and the twofold effects of science and technology development. The formulation of environmental ethics that aims at regional sustainable development, can not only harmonize the relationship of population, resource, environment and economic development, but also guide behavior selection, push social and political system transformation, strengthen the legal system, and raise environmental awareness of the public. 相似文献
4.
中国分县生态承载力供需平衡空间格局分析(英文) 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
A balanced ecological carrying capacity and its understanding are important to achieve sustainable development for human kind.Here,the concept of ecological carrying capacity has been used for measuring the dependencies between human and nature.China’s ecological balance between supply and demand has become a global concern and is widely debated.In this study the ’Ecological Footprint’ method was used to analyze the supply-demand balance of China’s ecological carrying capacity.Firstly,the ecological supply and demand balance was calculated and evaluated,and secondly,the ecological carrying capacity index (ECCI) was derived for each county of China in 2007,and finally this paper systematically evaluated the ecological carrying capacity supply-demand balance of China.The results showed that ecological deficit appeared to be the main characteristic of ecological carrying capacity supply-demand balance in 2007 of China at county scale.In general,more than four-fifths of the Chinese population was concentrated in less than one-third of the land area and more than two-thirds of the land area was inhabited by less than one-fifth of the population.The spatial distribution of the ecological carrying capacity demand-supply was unbalanced ranging from significant overloading to affluence from southeastern to northwestern part of China.It appeared to be more dominant in regions located at coastal areas which are attracted by migrants and had a generally higher population density.Along with the rapid development and urbanization trends in China,ecological deficits in these regions will become more severe. 相似文献
5.
The ecosystem is important because it is the life sustaining system for human survival.Three ecosystem characteristics are:regional particularities,ecosystem complexity and conventional cultural particularities.This paper develops a remote sensing based dynamic model to assess grassland ecosystem service values involving multidisciplinary knowledge.The ecological value of grassland ecosystems is focused on using a remote sensing technique in the model,and setting up the framework for a dynamic assessing model.The grassland ecological services condition and value in 1985 is used as the benchmark.The dynamic model has two adjusting indicators:biomass and price index.The biomass is simulated using the CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model.The price index was obtained from statistics data published by the statistical bureau.Results show that the grassland ecosystem value in Gansu Province was 28.36 billion Chinese Yuan in 1985,140.37 billion in 1999 and 130.86 billion in 2002. 相似文献
6.
社会生态补偿标准测算方法(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ecological compensation is a hot subject in academic studies, and the determina-tion of the spatial allocation of compensation payments is a key point in the research of eco-logical compensation. There are two kinds of thoughts in the determination of regional spatial allocation at present: "evaluation of ecological construction cost" and "evaluation of ecosystem services value". This paper analyzes the relationships between social ecological compensation and regional socio-economic development, and establishes two econometric models with the data of 2007 from various provinces in China. Through these models, the impacts of geographical endowments on the regional socio-economic development in various provinces are analyzed from the social justice viewpoint and the concept of "equivalent value of geographical endowments" (EGE for short) is proposed. This paper analyzes the application prospect of EGE in the policy making of regional ecological compensation. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of social ecological compensation is not only an effective guarantee for each region to obtain the equal rights of survival, development and decent environment, but also an essential assurance to the coordinated, balanced and sustainable development among various regions; (2) the regional difference in geographical endowments is an important factor affecting the regional spatial variation of socio-economic development. Therefore, geographical endowments are important bases for the determination of the spatial allocation of compensation payments in social ecological compensation; (3) based on the EGE, the government can determine the spatial allocation of social ecological compensation scientifically, and avoid the "sweeping approach" phenomenon in the policy making process of ecological compensation. 相似文献
7.
Identifying the problem regions and regional problems, and thus improving regional policies, are crucial for the sustainable development of various economic entities. The coordinated development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization（hereinafter referred to as ＂Sihua＂） is not only a practical need but an important strategic direction of integrating urban-rural development and regional development in recent China, and it also provides a significant perspective for identifying problem regions and regional problems so as to improve the regional policies. This study mainly aims to： firstly, establish a comprehensive evaluation index system so as to explore the spatial pattern of coordinated development of Sihua in China at prefecture level; secondly, to develop an evaluation criteria system to identify the problem regions and regional problems from the perspective of coordinated development of Sihua. This paper comes first in the scientific community to evaluate the coordinated development state of Sihua in China at prefecture level and identify the problem regions and regional problems from the perspective of Sihua development by quantitative analysis. This study may benefit the improvement of regional policies and thus contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of China. 相似文献
8.
With the degradation of natural resources and environment caused by industrial development in some developing countries,the requirement of implementing a“social ecological”approach to development is imminent.Resource and environment carrying capacity provides a means of assessing regional development potential by measuring regional sustainable development in terms of economy,population and resources&environment.This study develops a conceptual framework for resource and environment carrying capacity estimation to support the co-development planning of industries,population and resources&environment.First,the framework constructs an index system for evaluating importance of industry or influence based on the role of industry played in the local socio-economic system.Then,the framework computes the quantitative relations through the importance of local industry,population size and resource utilization and environment effects,and subsequently estimates the resource and environment carrying capacity of the study area.With a particular attention to its land resources,water resources and environment,the Tibet case study shows that:the non-ferrous metal mining,tourism,liquor and refined tea industries play a pillar role in the Tibet’s socio-economic system;under each industrial structure,land resource carrying capacity is the weakest,and water resources carrying capacity is the strongest;to focus on tourism will improve local resource and environment carrying capacity.The research results provide a solid guide for Tibet government’s co-actions in industrial restructuring,ecological protection,and the pursuit of economic development.This study will contribute to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical applications of resource and environment carrying capacity,and help local governments plan the regional“socio-ecological”sustainable development. 相似文献
9.
The calculation and analysis of ecological footprints,diversity and development capacity of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ecological footprint of China’s provinces is calculated in this paper.In general,China’s development is not sustainable because its ecological footprint is beyond its bio-capacity.The sustainability status of each province in China is presented.Ulanowicz’s developmnt capacity formula was introduced to discuss th relation ship of development and ecological footprint’s diversity.The diversity of ecological impacts is related to the efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and,in this efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and ,in this view,should be a factor in economic output.Development capacity,calculated from the ecological footprint and its diversity,is used to examine the relationship o economic output with the structure of the ecological footprint.China and its provinces are presented as a case study to investigate this relationship.The analysis shows that footprint capacity is significant in prdicting economic output.Increasing the ecological footprint’s diversity is presented as another way to increase development capacity. 相似文献
10.
熊鹰 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1123-1137
The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quantitative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment. 相似文献
11.
美丽中国建设的理论基础与评估方案探索 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
美丽中国建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计,也是落实到2030年联合国可持续发展议程的中国实践。党和国家针对“五位一体”的总体布局对建设美丽中国做出了战略部署,国家主席习近平在全国生态环境保护大会上进一步提出了美丽中国建设的“时间表”和“路线图”。但目前对美丽中国建设的理论基础、评估指标体系、评估标准及建设成效等问题并不清晰。本文从广义和狭义视角提出了美丽中国建设的基本内涵,将人地和谐共生论、五维一体美丽论作为美丽中国建设的核心理论基础,进一步构建了包括生态环境、绿色发展、社会和谐、体制完善、文化传承等5个维度的美丽中国建设评估指标体系,运用联合国人类发展指数（HDI）测评方法,对2016年中国341个地级市（州）的美丽中国建设成效进行了科学评估。结果显示,美丽中国建设的综合美丽指数（中科美丽指数）平均值为0.28,总体处于偏低水平,生态环境美丽指数、绿色发展美丽指数、社会和谐美丽指数、体制完善美丽指数和文化传承美丽指数分别为0.6、0.22、0.29、0.22和0.07,分项指数值均较低,且地域发展差异较大,说明美丽中国建设进程总体缓慢且不平衡。为了高质量、高标准地贯彻落实美丽中国建设的“时间表”和“路线图”,建议构建并发布通用的美丽中国建设进程评估体系,对美丽中国建设进程开展动态监测与阶段性综合评估,编制并发布美丽中国建设评估技术标准,做好美丽中国建设综合区划,分区域因地制宜地开展美丽中国样板区建设试点,并把美丽中国建设成效纳入各级政府考核指标。 相似文献
12.
美丽中国建设的地理学使命与人地系统耦合路径 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
美丽中国是一个天蓝地绿、山清水秀、强大富裕、人地和谐的可持续发展强国。建设美丽中国是落实联合国2030年可持续发展目标的中国实践和国家样板,是推进人与自然和谐发展、守住“绿水青山”赢得“金山银山”的重要手段。地理学作为服务国家经济社会发展的交叉应用学科,其综合性和区域性特点决定了地理学家肩负着建设美丽中国、筑造美好家园的历史使命,责无旁贷地率先成为美丽中国建设的先行者和实践者,地理学倡导的人地系统耦合论是美丽中国建设的理论基石,地理学的学科交叉与综合集成是美丽中国建设与调控人地关系的实践手段,地理学的复杂系统模拟和优化方法为美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路径选择提供了科学工具,综合地理区划是因地制宜地建设美丽中国的分区基础。地理学推进美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路径包括:开展美丽中国建设的重大科技攻关和人地耦合试验示范;进行美丽中国建设的动态评估与人地耦合监测;编制美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路线图与“十四五”规划行动方案;树立美丽国土观,在《全国国土空间规划纲要》中充分体现美丽中国建设目标;因地制宜地做好美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合区划,建设好美丽城市群和美丽公园群;先行开展美丽中国建设样板试点,总结美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合模式。通过这些耦合路径确保全国及各省市区按照美丽中国建设的时间表和路线图逐步接近目标值,在“比美健美”的竞建行动中实现美丽中国建设的总目标。 相似文献
13.
Agricultural heritage is an important type of world heritage. The special features of this kind of heritage are that they are "living" or "real life" systems, in both the ecosystem and in the cultural sense. So, agricultural heritage needs to be conserved in a special way. In a well-reasoned approach to dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage, careful development of heritage sites can realize greater sustainability of the traditional agriculture by considering both conservation and development though tourism. This paper examines the Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) as designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and listed by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as agricultural heritages sites. Currently, the research in China focuses on tourism resources evaluation and development, production design and marketing, tourism perception and the impacts of tourism development and so forth. There is less emphasis on research about benefit sharing of heritage tourism evolution mechanisms, environmental impacts of agricultural heritage tourism and study methods which should be analyzed in-depth, so as to illuminate the theories and practices of development in a living landscape. 相似文献
14.
1990年联合国开发计划署基于多维视角提出人类发展指数来综合评判地区发展水平和社会进步，但该指标体系并未涉及生态环境方面的考量，因而在衡量人类发展方面存在局限性。本文利用生态投入指数从资源消耗和污染排放维度修正人类发展指数，构建生态敏感的中国区域人类发展指数。结合Geoda和ArcGis软件，运用空间探索技术对中国区域人类发展的空间相关性进行测度，在此基础上利用空间标准差椭圆探讨中国区域人类发展的空间演变趋势。研究表明，中国区域人类发展水平在空间上呈集聚分布；区域人类发展的空间分布格局存在一定的空间锁定和路径依赖性；在方向上具有明显的空间分异性，整体呈现非均衡空间分布特征。 相似文献
15.
湖北省绿色发展指数空间格局及诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
五大发展理念是破解发展难题、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的必然选择。其中绿色发展是可持续发展的必要条件。科学评价绿色发展,对指导区域可持续发展具有重大意义。本文在科学界定绿色发展概念的基础上,选取2009年-2015年湖北省相关统计年鉴数据,构建了系统层、因素层、指标层。其中因素层包含生态城市建设力度、产业环境友好程度、循环经济发展水平、科技创新水平四个方面;指标层包含建成区绿化覆盖率等19个指标。采用层次分析法与专家调查法相结合的方法确立权重,分析湖北省不同地级市绿色发展情况。研究结果表明：湖北省绿色发展水平指数在2011年有一个最低值;2009年至2015年呈现总体增加的趋势。在湖北省地级市绿色发展指数中,武汉市和宜昌市排名前列。神农架林区和恩施州尽管人均GDP较低,但是2015年绿色发展指数进入全省前五名。全局自相关分析表明2009年和2010年绿色发展指数在空间上呈现集聚分布,随后几年呈现空间随机分布模式。局部自相关表明,2015年武汉市绿色发展指数呈现“HH”极点模式。采用障碍度模型进行绿色发展指数诊断分析,表明制约湖北省区域绿色发展的指标因素主要是产业结构、工业废水排放强度、工业废气排放强度、生态环境状况指数等。基于上述结论,结合湖北省实际提出了倡导绿色理念,普及绿色发展知识、实现产业升级换代、大力发展循环经济等政策建议。 相似文献
16.
中国传统村落可持续发展评价体系构建与实证 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
作为中华文明重要载体的传统村落具有丰富多元的价值,虽然政府与学界进行了大量保护与研究工作,但其可持续发展之路仍任重道远。因此建立中国传统村落可持续发展评价体系,准确评估其可持续发展水平具有重要理论与现实意义。通过对传统村落的长期实地调研,本文提出社区和遗产两个基本属性间协调关系是传统村落可持续发展的关键。本文使用层次分析法和德尔菲法构建社区发展和遗产保护子系统指标体系,采用专家判断矩阵和德尔菲法确定子系统指标权重,并构建详细的数据收集、赋分与标准化方法。为了更好的评价中国传统村落可持续发展水平,在采用综合评价指数评估传统村落综合发展水平的基础上,进一步引入耦合协调度模型构建可持续发展类型评价体系。最后,通过测评广东省广州市、佛山市和中山市10个岭南传统村落,检验该套指标体系具有较好效度,并进一步对指标体系进行修正。该评价体系不仅可以推进传统村落、耦合度、可持续发展评估研究范式,也可以广泛指导与应用于中国传统村落保护实践。 相似文献
17.
18.
武陵源自1992年被列为世界自然遗产以来,由于重开发、轻保护,其水体环境受到了明显影响,水体质量基本上呈现逐年下降的趋势。本文选取对水体环境质量影响较大的BOD5、COD、TN、TP、As、MnO4-作为评价因子,对武陵源主要水系金鞭溪和索溪沿途4个主要断面进行监测,并利用模糊综合评价法,进一步研究武陵源水体污染程度,探讨武陵源水体环境变化规律。评价结果显示:水绕四门、吴家峪口、紫草潭断面的水体质量级别为II级,老磨湾断面的水体质量级别为III级,评价结果与实际监测数据基本一致。在此基础上,有针对性地提出了水体环境质量改善措施,为提高世界自然遗产地武陵源水体环境质量提供科学依据。 相似文献
19.
Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the “time category” and the “space category”. The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation, scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage, history and culture along these routes, and the key to encouraging the standardization, branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes. Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources, and their developmental foundation is good. However, the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on information collection, information analysis, problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes, and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes. Based on the advanced experience of COE (Council of Europe), UNESCO WHC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Heritage Committee) and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites), this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes, and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines. Five aspects―the theme, the participating subject, the object itself, related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model. At the same time, based on the consumer utility function, a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed. Then, taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process, the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined, and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed. The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system, and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system. The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes, realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases, and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes. 相似文献
20.
长春高新技术产业开发区绿地景观生态规划 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开发区作为中国工业化和城市化快速推进的主要增长极和载体,承受着城市经济和城市建设带来的巨大环境压力。结合长春高新技术产业开发区绿地建设现状,指出绿地数量少且分布不均,城市建设大量挤占绿化用地,绿地布局结构和网络体系不够完善,绿地建设特色不突出是开发区绿地系统存在的问题。在此基础上,确定了到2020年开发区绿地率为45%,人均绿地面积为35.97m2,人均公共绿地面积为29.24 m2等绿地规划总体控制指标;提出了点、线、面相结合的"一环、两带、流绿、线网、多园"的环网式的绿地系统空间模式;从基质、廊道、斑块等景观生态要素规划了不同尺度绿地系统建设思路。 相似文献