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预报作物对大气ＣＯ２浓度变化和全球可能变暖的响应，是重要问题。ＣＯ２对作物发育过程的影响，是ＣＯ２和其它主要气候变量对作物发育的相互作用的结果，对此还报道甚少。本项试验的目的是要确定ＣＯ２环境的变化及ＣＯ２与温度间的相互作用对皮马棉发育速度的影响。皮马棉（ＧｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅＬ．ｃｖ．ｓ－６）从播种开始就生长于有日光照射的作物生长箱内。白天／夜间气温控制在２０／１２～４０／３２℃，每隔５℃一个处理。白天ＣＯ２保持在３５０或７００μＬＬ－１。在第二个试验中，温度维持在３０／２２℃（白天／夜间），ＣＯ２为３５０、４５０、７００μＬＬ－１。并测定了主茎节发育所需天数、出苗到初现蕾的日数、营养枝和果枝数、座果数、结铃和现蕾数以及为植株所能保持的蕾铃数。发现主茎节的形成速率、现蕾和现花的早晚对大气ＣＯ２浓度不敏感，但对温度很敏感。果枝长出之前节位的发育要比果枝长出之后的节位发育慢。不同ＣＯ２浓度对长出节的快慢没有影响。分枝数目对温度和ＣＯ２都敏感。相比之下，生长在高ＣＯ２下的植株由于提供了一个较大的光合作用汇，其下部果枝上的棉铃数要多些。这也许就是我们观察到生长在高浓度ＣＯ２下的棉株上层节的铃数减少的 相似文献
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气候变化对江苏省小麦生产的可能影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
根据国内外研究结果综合分析,得到ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省温度、降水的变化值,初步确定了ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省小麦生长季内的可能气候情景。分析未来ＣＯ２倍增时对小麦作物的直接影响、间接影响及紫外辐射影响。具体估算了温度升高、降水增加、ＣＯ２浓度上升、紫外辐射增强后江苏省小麦生育期不变和生育期缩短两种情景下的气候生产潜力,并由此分析了气候变暖对江苏省不同地区的利弊影响。结果表明：江北大部分地区小麦产量有所增加, 相似文献
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任红伟 《南京气象学院学报》2009,(3):243-246
在膜接触器实验装置上,研究了一乙醇胺（ＭＥＡ）溶液捕集混合气中ＣＯ２的操作性能,考察了气液流速、吸收剂和混合气的浓度等因素对出口气相ＣＯ２摩尔分数ｙ（ＣＯ２）和总传质系数的影响,采用正交实验方法优化操作条件,确定最佳操作方案．结果表明：ｙ（ＣＯ２）随液速增大而减小,随气速增大而增大;总传质系数随流速增大而增大,气速的增大对总传质系数影响不明显;吸收剂浓度增大,混合气ＣＯ２浓度增大,总传质系数增大;正交试验得出最佳操作条件为液速７０ｍＬ·ｍｉｎ－１、气速０６Ｌ·ｍｉｎ－１、ＭＥＡ浓度２０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和ｙ（ＣＯ２）为１０％,此时总传质系数为２８６×１０－４ｍ·ｓ－１． 相似文献
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分析了ＣＯ２浓度增加引起的增温效应对黑龙江省农业生产产生的可能影响。以水稻为例，研究了ＣＯ２增加时，黑龙江省作物种植区域的变化。 相似文献
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气候变化对小麦生产影响的数值模型研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在未来气候变化对作物影响的研究基础上,分析未来不同气候情景对南京地区小麦生长发育、产量形成的影响,并考虑了紫外辐射变化的影响。采用数值模拟方法具体估算了温度升高、降水变化、ＣＯ２ 浓度上升及紫外辐射增强对南京地区小麦产量的影响。计算结果表明：未来ＣＯ２ 增加可提高小麦产量,气温升高、降水变化及紫外辐射增强均使得小麦产量有所降低。 相似文献
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该文利用ＯＴＣ－１型开顶式气室中进行的ＣＯ＿２浓度倍增对大豆影响的试验资料，详细分析了当大气中ＣＯ＿２浓度倍增时，对大豆叶片和总生物量的影响情况，并对大豆总生物量的时间动态变化进行了模拟。结果表明，当大气中ＣＯ＿２浓度倍增时，大豆全生育期将缩短，３叶和分枝的ＤＶＳ值变大，而结荚和鼓粒的ＤＶＳ值变小；总生物量和绿叶重增加显著，但在同一个ＤＶＳ值时，绿叶率（ＧＲ）、黄叶率（ＹＲ）的差异不明显；大豆的总生物量变化均遵循自然增长曲线，且处理和对照有极好的线性正相关关系；总生物量的积温当量提高，并且使大豆总生物量的最大积温当量出现的时间推迟，有利于植株积累更多的营养物质。 相似文献
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通过对不同土壤水分含量处理下的光合速率分析得出：在干旱条件下，影响光合速率的主要因子为光强和空气相对湿度；在土壤水分含量偏大时，主要影响因子为光强和空气温度；在土壤水分含量适中时，主要影响因子为光强、ＣＯ２浓度和空气相对湿度。同时，对不同土壤水分含量下光合速率与气象因子的关系进行了数学模拟。 相似文献
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二氧化碳浓度增加对冬小麦生长发育影响的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
根据国内外小麦生长模拟研究成果,借鉴荷兰学者的模拟思路,从作物生长的主要生理过程人手,综合考虑气候变暖与大气中CO2浓度增加等因素对作物生长发育和产量形成的影响,修正了在一级生产水平下冬小麦生长模拟模式,使得模式能够对CO2浓度的变化做出相应的反应。经资料检验,在当前CO2浓度下,冬小麦总干重和穗干重的模拟平均相对误差小于10％,其它器官干重及叶面积指数的模拟也取得了较好的结果。运用改进后的模式模拟试验了未来气候变暖和CO2倍增对冬小麦生长发育的可能影响。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O3 and CO2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part II: Simulation Results and Analyses 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat
under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative e ects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone e ects on crops in farmland environment. 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O_3 and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part Ⅱ: Simulation Results and Analyses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative effects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone effects on crops in farmland environment. 相似文献
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利用2006年9月—2007年8月河北省固城生态与农业气象试验基地 (固城站) 反应性气体观测数据获得了CO与NOx,CO与SO2,SO2与NOx体积分数比的变化特征,并将观测得到的体积分数比与从INTEX-B等排放源资料得到的排放比进行比较研究。当风向来自北方向 (北京) 时,固城站的CO和NOx体积分数显著高于其他方向,而来自南方向 (保定、石家庄) 时,SO2体积分数显著高于其他方向。固城站观测到的CO与SO2,CO与NOx体积分数比分别为43.7和31.6,较排放比高出2~12倍。分析表明:排放源清单对CO排放低估了大约2倍以上,生物质燃料燃烧,尤其是收获季节大规模秸秆燃烧排放可能是重要的且被低估了的源。从观测数据估计得到秸秆燃烧期比平时CO大约多排放了90%±30%,忽略秸秆燃烧期额外排放对CO排放强度估计有重要影响。未来排放源清单编制和使用需要更加关注我国农业区秸秆燃烧排放对排放强度的影响。 相似文献
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以大豆“中黄-14”为试验材料, 利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室, 首次模拟研究单独CO2和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆生物量、产量及其构成因子、同化产物分配形式和收获指数的影响。与未通CO2和O3的处理相比, 单独CO2浓度倍增对生物量、产量、荚果串数、荚数、籽粒数、籽粒重具有正效应, O3为明显的负效应, 通气时段越长效果越明显; 持续的CO2浓度和O3浓度倍增交互作用表现为CO2的影响大于O3; CO2和O3交互作用逐渐达到浓度倍增的处理, 由于O3剂量逐渐累积和阶段性增加, 对大豆刺激逐渐增强, 最终O3的负效应与CO2的正效应相近。单独O3浓度倍增抑制光合产物向根和籽粒的输送, 向叶茎的输送明显增强, 使根冠比 (RSR)、子粒与茎杆比 (GCR) 明显下降, 长期作用可使大豆收获指数 (HI) 减小, 叶重比 (LWR) 显著增加, 且随通气时间的延长影响增大; CO2浓度倍增及其交互作用对RSR、LWR、GCR和HI影响相对较小, 仅在±10%左右。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O3 and CO2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat.Part I: Model Description 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ozone is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants.It is reported that tropospheric O3 concentration increases rapidly in recent 20 years. Evaluating and predicting impacts of ozone concentration changes on crops are drawing great attention in the scientific community. In China, main study method about this filed is controlled experiments, for example, Open Top Chambers. But numerical simulation study about impacts of ozone on crops with crop model was developed slowly, what is more, the study about combined impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide has not been reported.The improved agroecosystem model is presented to evaluate simultaneously impacts of tropospheric O3 and CO2 concentration changes on crops in the paper by integrating algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis with an existing agroecosystem biogeochemical model (named as DNDC). The main
physiological processes of crop growth (phenology, leaf area index, photosynthesis, respiration, assimilated allocation and so on) in the former DNDC are kept. The algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis and winter wheat leaf are added in the modified DNDC model in order to reveal impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat by coupling the simulation about impacts of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of winter wheat which exists in the former DNDC. In
the paper, firstly assimilate allocation algorithms and some genetic parameters (such as daily thermal time of every development stage) were modified in order that DNDC can be applicable in North China. Secondly impacts of ozone on crops were simulated with two different methods-one was impacts of ozone on light use efficiency , and the other was direct effects of ozone on leaves photosynthesis. The latter simulated results are closer to experiment measurements through comparing their simulating results. At last the method of direct impacts of ozone on leaf growth is adopted and the coe cients about impacts of ozone on leaf growth
and death are ascertained. Effects of climate changes, increasing ozone, and carbon dioxide concentration on agroecosystem are tried to be simulated numerically in the study which is considered to be advanced and credible. 相似文献
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CO2浓度与土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉苗木影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全球气候变化对植物影响研究的主要内容是由于大气中CO2 浓度升高导致的气温升高和土壤干旱化对植物的影响。文中利用人工气候室试验研究了高CO2 浓度和土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉的影响 ,结果表明 :CO2 浓度升高使红松和云杉生长量的增长率提高 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木生长量的增长率下降 ,且CO2 浓度升高的正效应要小于土壤水分胁迫的负效应。CO2 浓度升高使树木叶水势增大 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木叶水势减小 ,这从植物生理的角度说明了CO2 浓度变化和土壤水分胁迫对树木的影响机理 ,且在轻度干旱的情况下 ,高CO2 浓度使树木叶水势增大 ,但随着土壤干旱程度的加重 ,树木的叶水势逐渐减小。同时 ,从实验结果还可以看出 ,虽然大气中CO2 浓度和土壤湿度变化对苗木的影响显著存在 ,但与农作物和牧草等植物相比 ,这种影响仍要小得多。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part I: Model Description 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ozone is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. It is reported that tropospheric O3 concentration increases rapidly in recent 20 years. Evaluating and predicting impacts of ozone concentration changes on crops are drawing great attention in the scientific community. In China, main study method about this filed is controlled experiments, for example, Open Top Chambers. But numerical simulation study about impacts of ozone on crops with crop model was developed slowly, what is more, the study about combined impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide has not been reported. The improved agroecosystem model is presented to evaluate simultaneously impacts of tropospheric O3 and CO2 concentration changes on crops in the paper by integrating algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis with an existing agroecosystem biogeochemical model (named as DNDC). The main physiological processes of crop growth (phenology, leaf area index, photosynthesis, respiration, assimilated allocation and so on) in the former DNDC are kept. The algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis and winter wheat leaf are added in the modified DNDC model in order to reveal impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat by coupling the simulation about impacts of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of winter wheat which exists in the former DNDC. In the paper, firstly assimilate allocation algorithms and some genetic parameters (such as daily thermal time of every development stage) were modified in order that DNDC can be applicable in North China. Secondly impacts of ozone on crops were simulated with two different methods- one was impacts of ozone on light use efficiency, and the other was direct effects of ozone on leaves photosynthesis. The latter simulated results are closer to experiment measurements through comparing their simulating results. At last the method of direct impacts of ozone on leaf growth is adopted and the coefficients about impacts of ozone on leaf growth and death are ascertained. Effects of climate changes, increasing ozone, and carbon dioxide concentration on agroecosystem are tried to be simulated numerically in the study which is considered to be advanced and credible. 相似文献