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1.
欧美研究者一系列的实验都显示三叠纪时期泛大陆存在巨型季风;三叠纪上扬子地区位于特提斯洋北缘,其是否存在巨型季风的影响以及其影响程度如何值得关注。一系列的沉积学记录显示上扬子地区在三叠纪亦受到巨型季风的强烈影响,这主要表现在:1)早三叠世飞仙关期纹层状沉积岩;2)早三叠世飞仙关期普遍存在的风暴岩;3)晚三叠世卡尼期碳酸盐生产力危机;4)晚三叠世须家河期明显的化石木年轮。上扬子地区沉积记录显示,早三叠世早期和晚三叠世卡尼期是三叠纪巨型季风最为剧烈的时期,本文认为P/T界限生物大灭绝引发的Gaia效应和卡尼期特提斯域强烈的构造活动极可能是这两次巨型季风极盛发育的主导因素。 相似文献
2.
依据古地磁方法,对二叠纪全球古板块进行再造,并在此基础上,结合区域地质资料,编制了二叠系全球古板块再造图、全球岩相及烃源岩分布图和全球古地理图。二叠纪板块格局以泛大陆和泛大洋为主,大陆内部裂谷系(如劳亚板块内部北海—北大西洋裂谷系和非洲大陆内部裂谷系)持续发育,最终导致了泛大陆的裂解。二叠纪冰期持续发育,又由于干旱带广泛发育的古气候条件,造成全球海平面在晚二叠世达到整个显生宙的最低值。浅海广泛发育的古地理环境造成古、新特提斯洋周缘和劳亚大陆整体以浅海碳酸盐岩和海相碎屑岩沉积为主。冈瓦纳大陆内部以河湖相碎屑岩沉积为主。二叠系烃源岩不发育,主要层系是下二叠统泥页岩,分布集中在劳亚大陆北缘、特提斯洋周缘以及冈瓦纳大陆内部和澳大利亚东部,以海陆过渡相沉积环境为主。泛大陆形成过程中,洋壳消减与不同陆块之间的拼合,最终造成了二叠纪末气候的剧变,形成了晚古生代末超大规模的冰期。板块运动所产生的壳幔物质循环造成二叠纪全球二氧化碳含量剧烈升高,最终导致了二叠纪生物灭绝程度最大。 相似文献
3.
对东特提斯地区二叠-三叠纪古气候特征及其演化的系统分析表明,二叠纪-晚三叠世期间东特提斯地区分带型气候特征仍然较为清楚.二叠纪早期非暖水沉积在印度板块上的时空分布表明,现今印度板块东南边缘当时应贴近南极洲而非澳大利亚西北部.早二叠世早期非暖水沉积的北界在滇西位于昌宁-孟连带之西;在青藏高原,可能位于班公湖-丁青带.之后随着联合古大陆的整体北移,亲冈瓦纳地块群经历了由南温带到热带的古气候演化,欧亚大陆南部经历了由热带到北温带的古气候演化.各地块二叠-三叠纪期间古气候特征的演化为其古地理位置的确定提供了重要依据.二叠纪栖霞期古地理再造表明特提斯洋具多岛洋特点,二叠纪早期昌宁-孟连洋向北延入班公湖-怒江带,向南延入清迈带,大体占据南部亚热带,宽约10°古纬距. 相似文献
4.
根据西秦岭临潭地区泥盆纪—三叠纪沉积盆内细碎屑岩的主量、微量、稀土元素特征追溯源区背景,反演母岩性质,建立了该区沉积盆地与构造演化模式.认为沉积盆地的物源总体来自盆地的北部,北部经历了晚泥盆世的陆相—湖相沉积,石炭纪的滨岸海滩相-温暖潮湿的近岸海湾（潟湖或潮坪）相-浅海陆棚相沉积,到二叠纪的浅海陆棚-浅海陆棚内的堡礁或堤礁建造;沉积盆地南部为稳定的碳酸盐台地相.三叠纪,盆地经历了大陆斜坡浊流沉积—大陆斜坡（半深海）浊流沉积—滨浅海沉积环境复杂的环境变化.沉积盆地形成演化整体划分为3个阶段：被动大陆边缘台盆台地稳定发育阶段;弧后盆地形成演化阶段;弧后前陆盆地叠合阶段. 相似文献
5.
巴颜喀拉构造带二叠—三叠纪岩相特征及构造演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
特提斯洋的形成与演化问题是青藏高原重大基础地质问题之一, 通过多年的野外观察、分析测试和综合研究, 结合覆盖全区及相邻地区的1∶25万区域地质调查资料及其他前人研究成果, 尤其是对巴颜喀拉构造带二叠—三叠纪地层、岩相特征及构造古地理环境进行了系统研究, 并探讨了其构造演化, 以期对提高青藏高原特提斯洋演化历史和潘吉亚大陆形成特征等方面的研究工作有所禆益.巴颜喀拉构造带未出露前二叠纪地层, 二叠—新近纪地层均有出露, 尤以三叠纪地层广泛出露为其主要特征.其中, 二叠—三叠系主要为海相沉积, 比较连续, 尤以海相三叠系最具特色, 著名的巴颜喀拉山群横贯全区, 分布广泛, 厚度巨大, 侏罗—第四系主要为陆相河湖沉积.二叠系黄羊岭群岩性为碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩夹火山岩, 自下而上表现为浅海相-深海、半深海相-浅海相沉积演化特征; 三叠系主要为巴颜喀拉山群, 岩性单调, 主要为砂泥质类复理石沉积, 局部地区夹钙质及火山物质, 沉积环境总体表现为浅海相—深海、半深海相—滨浅海相—陆相沉积演化序列.二叠—三叠纪构造古地理环境表现为拉张裂陷形成洋(海)盆-汇聚、部分碰撞形成残留洋(海)盆、前陆盆地—拉张裂陷形成洋(海)盆—汇聚、部分碰撞形成残留洋(海)盆、前陆盆地—完全碰撞造山, 海水退出, 进入陆相沉积演化的历史.巴颜喀拉地区是塔里木—中朝陆块与南方大陆(冈瓦纳陆块)之间古特提斯洋域的主洋盆所在地区之一, 与其南部龙木错—双湖洋盆共同构成古特提斯洋域的双洋域. 相似文献
6.
藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带晚二叠纪基性岩浆作用及其构造地质意义 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
野外地质调查和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb地质年代学研究在藏南雅拉香波地区厘定了一规模较大,形成于273.0±2.2Ma的辉绿岩体。该辉绿岩体侵入到由页岩和细砂岩组成的特提斯沉积岩中,表明这些沉积岩形成时间早于晚二叠纪,而不是晚三叠纪地层。该岩体具有以下地球化学特征:(1)富集LREE,亏损HREE;(2)高场强元素含量较高;(3)较高的Sr(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7063～0.7078)和Nd(εNd(t)=-1.1～-2.4)同位素组成,与西部同时代溢流玄武岩相当;及(4)较高的εHf(t)(+2.5～+3.9)。本研究及已有数据表明:沿新特提斯带发育一系列晚二叠纪基性岩浆岩,是冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解和新特提斯洋初始张开时深部岩浆作用的产物。 相似文献
7.
四川盆地西缘地区上三叠统须家河组化石木年轮的古气候意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
四川盆地西缘上三叠统须家河组植物化石丰富,在最近的地质调查中新发现保存完好、年轮清晰的化石木。通过对化石木年轮的研究分析,初步探讨了四川盆地西缘晚三叠世须家河组沉积期的古气候特征。研究表明:须家河组沉积时期气候温暖,化石木中明显的年轮表明大气降水呈季节性波动,这与盛行于二叠纪至三叠纪的巨型季风密切相关;化石木的平均敏感度小于0.3,说明植物生长过程中年水分供给均衡;化石木年轮的早材带与晚材带宽度变化大,显示植物的生长受到了晚三叠世巨型季风的强烈影响。 相似文献
8.
新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。 相似文献
9.
二叠纪时期,泛大洋包围泛大陆并向其俯冲,在此背景下泛大陆内部洋盆呈现剪刀差式旋转关闭,并具有此消彼长的特征。前人通过自俯冲平面模型来解释泛大陆裂解过程中裂谷盆地的成因和泛大陆内部简单的应力状态,但是该模型与实际的地质背景相差较大。本文通过球壳三维模型,并考虑非洲核幔边界低速带以及阿拉伯地幔柱对泛大陆的影响,建立了二叠纪时期泛大陆所处的力学模型,模拟了泛大陆形成后古特提斯洋盆俯冲、关闭对大陆内部产生的应力应变影响。模拟结果显示三维球壳模型能够较好地解释该时期中亚区域发育的大型断裂、残余洋盆,也支持古特提斯洋盆剪刀差式关闭、新特提斯洋盆从古特提斯洋盆被动陆缘后侧张开的地质现象;非洲—阿拉伯板块的地幔垂向作用为新特提斯洋盆的张开提供了力学支持。由于在泛大陆分裂过程中,新老洋盆此消彼长、早期洋盆剪刀差式关闭的模式并不仅局限于古特提斯—新特提斯洋,本模拟结果可适当推广到其他洋盆。 相似文献
10.
卡尼期是全球古气候变化显著、特提斯域沉积发生突然转折的时期。欧洲学者基于阿尔卑斯地区(奥地利、意大利)卡尼阶岩性从碳酸盐岩到黑色页岩、碎屑岩的等时性变化,以及相应的碳酸盐台地古生物的死亡,提出了卡尼期危机、碳酸盐生产力危机、卡尼期多雨事件、Reingraben转换,以及黑色页岩事件等概念;这些现象在喜马拉雅Spiti盆地、伊朗、印度尼西亚等地亦有显示。在东特提斯(中国西南部)地区的卡尼阶中也表现为岩性和古生物的变化,但尚未引起国内研究者的重视。与古特提斯西部、印度喜马拉雅等地卡尼阶相似,中国西南部特提斯域所见的卡尼期碳酸盐岩沉积(如海绵礁灰岩)被灰黑色、深灰色页岩(或深色板岩)或中酸性火山岩覆盖,显示该时期碳酸盐生产的突然中止、生物礁的突然死亡和岩性的急剧变化。我们认为晚三叠世巨型季风和古特提斯周缘地区(尤其是中国南方地区)的造山运动及火山作用、变质作用,使大气CO2浓度增加、泛大洋东部海域(古太平洋)向特提斯海水汽输入增强,特提斯海沿岸地区相对干旱的气候向相对潮湿的气候变化,更潮湿的古气候与相对高浓度的大气CO2共同作用使大陆风化速率增高,陆源硅质碎屑输入增多,造成了卡尼期危机。 相似文献
11.
攀西裂谷存在吗？ 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
大陆裂谷以地幔上隆、岩石圈伸展、减薄、断陷和沉降为特征，伸展构造环境是大陆裂谷形成的必要条件和本质特征。中国学者以前所认为攀枝花-西昌裂谷的主要标志是海西期层状堆晶杂岩、晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩、印支期环状碱性杂岩和晚三叠世裂谷盆地沉积。最近一系列研究成果表明攀西地区海西期-印支期构造岩浆热事件是地幔柱和岩石圈相互作用的结果，不是裂谷作用的产物。进一步对上扬子西缘二叠纪-三叠纪的沉积作用和构造特征综合分析表明攀西地区不存在裂谷盆地沉积。该区晚二叠世-中三叠世为古陆隆起遭受剥蚀，晚三叠世断陷型类磨拉石建造是前陆走滑复合盆地的产物。本文根据对攀西地区二叠纪-三叠纪的岩浆活动、沉积作用、构造特征和地球物理资料等方面综合研究对攀西裂谷的存在提出质疑，并以峨眉山地幔柱活动为主线探讨了攀西地区古生代和中生代的地质构造演化历史。 相似文献
12.
Late Olenekian assemblages in the western Panthalassa have been recovered from bedded radiolarian chert sequences of an accretionary complex, the Ashio belt. These faunas are documented and considered in terms of radiolarian diversity and faunal turnover during the latest Permian to Middle Triassic time. The fauna includes 30 radiolarians belonging to Spumellaria or Entactinaria, with two relicts from the Late Permian. This late Olenekian fauna is markedly different from Permian and Asisian faunas, respectively, and is herein named the Minowa fauna. Study of the literaure indicates that radiolarian provinces were significantly disconnected between the western Panthalassa and eastern Tethys during late Olenekian time. Furthermore, 121 of 143 species disappeared during late Olenekian time, and in turn 118 new species appeared in the western Panthalassa around the Olenekian-Anisian boundary. It is concluded that faunal turnover occurred at least three times between the latest Permian and Middle Triassic.The first turnover is the Poalaozoie-type radiolarian extinction at the Permain-Triassic boundary,the second is the diversification of spheroidal Spumellaria and Entactinaria between early and late Olenekian time, and the third is a faunal turnover from the Minowa fauna to the true Mesozoic-type radiolarian famas that are characterized by mulit0segmented Nassellaria. 相似文献
13.
Discovery of a middle Permian ostracod fauna in the marine Khuff Formation (Sultanate of Oman), combined with palaeobotanical data from the immediately underlying continental Gharif Formation, supports new interpretations of the palaeobiogeography of the Tethys during the late Palaeozoic. A mixed ostracod fauna existed on the Arabian platform. This new record of Permian ostracods, combined with recent data obtained in other Tethyan areas, emphasizes the close relationship between the south-western Tethys realm and South China. The macro- and microfloral assemblages of the continental Gharif Formation demonstrate that this palaeoflora represents a true mixed association in which Gondwanan, Cathaysian and Euramerian elements are intermingled. Two main models exist for the reconstruction of Pangaea during the late Palaeozoic. Both ostracods and palaeobotanical evidence favour the reduction of the oceanic area between South China and Arabian plate as in the B Pangaea model favoured by recent palaeomagnetic data. 相似文献
14.
自板块说问世以来,大陆漂移理论获得了新的生命力,二十年来迅速发展,已经在许多学科领域内获得大量的证据。本文试图从三叠纪古生物地理和地层的角度,对其进行讨论。 相似文献
15.
Permian and Triassic Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Changes of Eastern Yangtze Platform 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＹａｎｇｔｚｅｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａｗａｓａｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｉｎｔｈｅＰａｌｅｏ－ＴｅｔｈｙｓＯｃｅａｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＰｅｒｍｉａｎａｎｄＴｒｉａｓｓｉｃ．ＴｈｅＭｉｄｄｌｅＴｒｉａｓｓｉｃＩｎｄｏｓｉｎｉａｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｗ... 相似文献
16.
A. W. Ruttner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(1):110-120
Results obtained by Iranian and European geoscientists in the critical area to the north-east of the North Iran Suture east of Mashhad are desribed and discussed. A slightly metamorphosed ophiolite belt, outcropping as the south easterly continuation of the previously known ophiolites of Mashhad along the north eastern perimeter of the Fariman-Torbat-e-Jam depression, proved to be either the remnant of a Permian ocean floor or more likely the remnant of a narrow ocean trough. There is as yet no proof of a Triassic age for this ophiolitic belt. To the north of this ophiolitic belt an epicontinental Triassic sequence is exposed at the southern edge of Laurasia in the erosional Window of Aghdarband. This is the result of intermittent sedimentation in a pull-apart basin along sinistral strike-slip faults. The Triassic of Aghdarband has much in common with other deposits of the Triassic Tethys; however, it shows a few unique features, e.g. the Early AnisianNicomedites fauna of a palaeobiogeographic North Tethyan Subprovince, or volcanogenic sedimentation during the late Anisian and the entire Ladinian.Permian ophiolites outcropping at the south-west corner of the Aghdarband erosional Window are transgressively overlain by basal conglomerats of this Triassic sequence. Hence the existence of a Triassic ocean south of Laurasia is very unlikely. This is an agreement with paleomagnetic data which suggest that the Central Iranian microcontinent was in direct contact with Laurasia during Triassic times. These palaeomagnetic data also suggest a clockwise rotation of the Central East Iran microplate during Triassic times (contrary to the anticlockwise rotation of this microplate in post-Triassic times). The sinistral strike-slip faulting and compression from the south-west which controls the structure of the Triassic may be derivative sequels to this clockwise rotation. All Eo-Cimmerian deformations of the Triassic rocks (e.g. folding, thrust faulting, strike-slip faulting) had stopped by Rhaetian times. 相似文献
17.
Gao Yanlin 《《地质学报》英文版》1991,4(1):1-18
Abstract The Qinghai- Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the “Sanjiang” area2, where are extensively developed the Tethys-type marine Triassic sequences with Indosinian tectonic disturbance and magmatism, provide an important region for the study of the tectonic evolution and the Indosinian movement of China as well as for the study of the boundary between Gondwana and Laurasia and the characteristics of the time-space distribution of the Tethys oceanic crust within the territory of China. Over a long period of time in the past, quite a number of scholars made substantial studies and discussions from various viewpoints on the geotectonic and regional geological evolution of this region. Based on some new data obtained recently and the field observations by the author, and by using the plate tectonic theory, the author considers that there developed a Pacific-type (active type) ancient continental margin bordering the Palaeo-Tethys ocean (or North Tethys ocean) in the south in Late Permian to Triassic times in the region of south-central Qinghai, northeastern Xizang (Tibet), western and southwestern Sichuan, and western Yunnan. Its characteristics basically represent the Indosinian tectonic evolution of this region. 相似文献
18.
Origin of the Eastern Mediterranean basin: a reevaluation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The origin of the Eastern Mediterranean basin (EMB) by rifting along its passive margins is reevaluated. Evidence from these margins shows that this basin formed before the Middle Jurassic; where the older history is known, formation by Triassic or even Permian rifting is indicated. Off Sicily, a deep Permian basin is recorded. In Mesozoic times, Adria was located next to the EMB and moved laterally along their common boundary, but there is no clear record of rifting or significant convergence. Farther east, the Tauride block, a fragment of Africa–Arabia, separated from this continent in the Triassic. After that the Tauride block and Adria were separate units that drifted independently. The EMB originated before Pangaea disintegrated. Two scenarios are thus possible. If the configuration of Pangaea remained the same throughout its life span until the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean (configuration A), then much of the EMB is best explained as a result of separation of Adria from Africa in the Permian, but this basin was modified by later rifting. The Levant margin formed when the Tauride block was detached, but space limitations require this block to have also extended farther east. Alternatively, the original configuration (A2) of Pangaea may have changed by 500 km of left-lateral slip along the Africa–North America boundary. This implies that Adria was not located next to Africa, and most of the EMB formed by separation of the Tauride block from Africa. Adria was placed next to the EMB during the transition from the Pangaea A2 to the Pangaea A configuration in the Triassic. Both scenarios raise some problems, but these are more severe for the first one. Better constraints on the history of Pangaea are thus required to decipher the formation of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. 相似文献