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1.
Delineation of geochemical blocks for undiscovered large ore deposits using deep-penetrating methods in alluvial terrains of eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many large ore deposits have been discovered in eastern China along the Circum-Pacific Rim. However, alluvium, which covers most of the terrain, prevents a complete assessment of the mineralization potential by geological and conventional geochemical approaches. Two deep-penetrating geochemical methods—collection of nanoscale metals in earthgas (NAMEG) and selective leaching of mobile forms of metals in overburden (MOMEO) have been used to investigate the possibility to delineate geochemical blocks generated from large ore deposits buried by alluvial terrains. A wide-spaced sampling was carried out in an area of approximately 250 000 km2 at density of one sample per 400–800 km2. The soil samples were subjected to MOMEO leaching and were analyzed for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The earthgas samples were analyzed for 17 elements by INNA. The results show that water-extractable metals by MOMEO processing can give prominent expression to concealed deposits and can delineate large-scale geochemical anomalies in the alluvial terrains. The distribution of gold in earthgas is situated along the largest deep fault systems and the concentration centers distribute in the secondary faults on the both sides of the deep fault systems. 相似文献
2.
寻找和识别隐伏大型特大型矿床的勘查地球化学理论方法与应用 总被引：29，自引：3，他引：26
为了在广大覆盖区寻找隐伏大型特大型矿床的需要,我们探索研制了能在短期内以较少的费用迅速覆盖广大覆盖区的能觉察地下深部发出的极微弱直接找矿信息的战略性勘查地球化学新方法—金属活动态测量和地球气微量金属测量。这两种方法在各种景观覆盖区被广泛地加以试验与应用。其结果表明:(1)隐伏大型特大型矿床四周巨大的地球化学模式可以被各种营力搬运至地表,地气对超微量金属的搬运是厚覆盖区隐伏矿床在地表形成叠加含量地球化学异常的主要原因。(2)在覆盖厚度从几米至三、四百米都可以发现清晰的异常显示,因此为厚覆盖区找矿提供了强有利的工具;(3)地气与元素活动态不仅存在局部异常,而且在大型特大型矿床四周存在区域异常和地球化学省,用很稀的采样网就可以捕捉到这种大规模异常,因此这两种方法可以应用于大面积覆盖区的战略评价中;(4)地气和元素活动态所反应的指标和适用性在不同的景观、不同的矿床类型上是不同的,应根据不同的条件选择应用最佳的方法指标。地气与元素活动态配合使用所获得的深部矿化信息更稳定更可靠。(5)利用元素活动态可以近似定量估计或预测可被成矿利用的金属供应量,据此推测某一地区潜在的资源储量。 相似文献
3.
战术性与战略性的深穿透地球化学方法 总被引：43，自引：2，他引：41
多年来地球化学方法主要用于圈定出露及亚出露矿化四周的地表次生分散晕和分散流找矿或圈定盲矿上方地表的原生晕找矿,取得极大效果,但对被厚层运积物或厚层成矿后沉积岩或火山岩埋藏的矿体,由于地表次生异常与原生晕皆被掩蔽而显得无能为力。８０年代以来发展了一些新的能有效探索被厚达数百米运积层及成矿后沉积岩或火山岩埋藏的矿体的“深穿透”地球化学方法,包括澳大利亚的ＭＭＩ方法,加拿大与美国的酶提取方法,前苏联的ＣＨＩＭ方法,瑞典的ＧＥＯＧＡＳ方法及中国的ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ方法。这些方法大多数是用于详查中,用在地质预测认为深部有远景或地球物理方法发现深部有某种异常,但又无法取得可靠的矿化直接证据的地区,而中国的ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ方法则既是战术性的,又可在找寻隐伏的大型、特大型甚至巨型矿床上发挥巨大的战略作用。文中列举了在乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套巨型金矿及澳大利亚奥林匹克坝巨型铜铀金银矿周围进行的战略性深穿透ＮＡＭＥＧ与ＭＯＭＥＯ测量的结果,笔者认为这种战略性与战术性深穿透地球化学方法的发展将会加速在隐伏区找到大型至巨型矿的进程,并为勘查地球化学在２１世纪开拓广阔的新的研究领域。 相似文献
4.
张立生 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(2):106-112
乌兹别克斯坦的金矿资源十分丰富，其储量居世界第4位，产量居世界第8位。位于乌兹别克斯坦中部的克孜尔库姆地区是世界最大的金矿省之一。闻名世界的穆龙套金矿床就产在这里。乌兹别克斯坦的内生金矿床主要有4个工业－成因类型：金－石英型、金－硫化物－石英型、金－硫化物型和金－银－石英型。前三个类型统称之为克孜尔库姆型，穆龙套金矿床属于这个类型。本文重点讨论了克孜尔库姆型金矿床的成因问题。 相似文献
5.
巨型矿床与大型矿集区勘查地球化学 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
巨型矿床和大型矿集区有着巨量的成矿物质供应与聚集,表现为地壳上存在某些成矿元素含量高度聚集的地球化学块体．地球化学块体中只有一部分呈活动态易被各种流体携带的金属才能逐步浓集成矿,并在大矿、巨矿和矿集区周围留下一系列套合的地球化学模式谱系。文中阐述了发现和识别大矿、巨矿和矿集区四周套合地球化学模式的采样系统,研制了能觉察地下深部发出极微弱直接找矿信息的深穿透地球化学方法－－金属活动太测量与地球气纳微 相似文献
6.
随着出露区矿产资源的日益枯竭,覆盖区已逐渐成为矿产勘查的重点。传统化探方法难以在覆盖区发挥作用,而金属活动态测量法可以提取与深部隐伏矿体有关的矿化信息。该方法在冲积平原覆盖区还缺乏相关研究。以安徽无为龙潭头隐伏硫铁矿为例,开展土壤全量和金属活动态测量的试验研究。结果显示:土壤全量测量在隐伏矿体上方无异常显示。金属活动态测量中,Cu和S元素的水溶态,Fe元素的铁锰氧化物态和吸附态均呈现出高异常值,异常衬度达到2及以上。其中S元素的水溶态异常最明显,含量峰值达14.8×10^-9,背景值为4.81×10^-9,异常衬度3.08。其次,Cu元素的有机态和S元素的铁锰氧化物态呈现较高异常,异常衬度1.5以上。金属活动态测量提取的异常均位于隐伏矿体上方,且与赋矿主断裂空间关系密切。本次试验研究表明,金属活动态测量可以有效提取与龙潭头隐伏矿床有关的地球化学异常,该方法在冲积平原覆盖区应当有着较好的应用前景,但仍需要更进一步地研究,以建立相应的方法技术流程与标准。 相似文献
7.
以水系沉积物地球化学调查成果为基础,从统计学角度探讨了河北省金地球化学异常与金矿规模的对应关系。以2.6 ng/g为异常下限,在全省范围内圈定金区域异常28处,局部异常35处。研究发现区域异常与金矿的关系非常密切,100%的大型金矿、81.8%的中型金矿及70.9%的小型金矿都位于区域异常内。局部异常仅与小型金矿的关系密切,小型金矿在局部异常中的产出概率是20%。通过23个金异常面积与金矿储量的相关分析表明,二者相关性非常好,相关系数达0.919,金异常面金属量与金矿储量的相关性也很显著,相关系数达0.924。回归分析表明,金异常面积及异常面金属量与金矿床储量之间符合一元线性相关特征,并分别建立了回归方程。该成果对矿产预测及资源潜力评价具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
Gold deposits of Uzbekistan are localized in the Kyzylkum, Nurata, and Kurama ore districts of the Kyzylkum-Kurama metallogenic
belt. They comprise a consecutive series of deposit types corresponding to the series of geochemical associations: (Au-W)—(Au-As)—(Au-Te)—(Au-Ag)—(Au-Sb)—(Au-Hg),
which are arranged as a system of zones in orebodies, deposits, ore fields, and ore districts. The distribution of chemical
elements characterized by average global concentrations in the crust within the ppm-ppb (10−6-10−9 t) range was studied in ores of gold deposits using an ICP MS Elan DRC II device. Mineral nanoassemblages with a grain size
of 10−6 to 10−9 m were examined with a Jeol YXA 8800R Superprobe. The Au-W, Au-As, and Au-Te associations with Bi tellurides and maldonite
in ore dominate at hypo- and meso-abyssal gold deposits of the Kyzylkum district (Muruntau, Myutenbay). The contribution of
the Au-Sb association with Pb, Ag, and Fe sulfoantimonites and aurostibite increases at the Daughyztau, Kokpatas, and Amantaitau
gold deposits. The Au-As, Au-Te, and Au-Sb associations with Bi tellurides, maldonite, sulfoantimonites, and aurostibite dominate
at the mesoabyssal gold deposits of the Nurata district (Charmitan, Guzhumsay). The Au-Te and Au-Ag associations with Au,
Ag, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Hg tellurides and Bi selenides dominate at the hypabyssal gold deposits of the Kurama district (Kochbulak,
Kayragach). The gold-silver deposits of the Kyzylkum district (Kosmanachi, Vysokovol’tnoe) and the Kurama district (Kyzylalmasay,
Arabulak) are close in composition. They are characterized by development of intermetallides, sulfides, sulfosalts, and selenides
of Au-Ag and occasionally Au-Sb associations. Fineness of gold decreases from early to late geochemical associations, whereas
the size of gold grains increases in the same direction from nanogold to visible gold. The studies at the micro- and nanolevel
make it possible to establish the attributes of specific gold mineralization, to substantiate prospecting guides, and to estimate
the erosion level and resource potential of hidden ore objects. The greater and more diverse a set of micro- and nanominerals,
the larger a gold deposit is. 相似文献
9.
申家窑金矿床地气测量异常特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河南申家窑金矿床属典型的蚀变破碎带型金矿,矿区大部分被第四系沉积物所覆盖。文章通过偏光显微镜与扫描电子显微镜观察、电子探针微区分析、矿石成分化学分析等方法,认为申家窑金矿床的主要金矿物为自然金和银金矿,主要载体矿物为石英、黄铁矿和方铅矿。作者在总结矿床矿物学特征的基础上,实验研究了地气测量在该隐伏矿床上方黄土覆盖层的勘查效果。地气测量使用泡塑为捕集介质,利用surfer软件绘制元素空间分布图。元素空间分布图表明Au具有明显的地球化学异常,同时Cu、Pb、Zn等成矿伴生元素也存在异常。综合矿床矿物学的研究结果和元素空间分布特征,认为地气测量异常为矿致异常,地气异常结果能够指示深部隐伏矿体的产状。地气测量方法作为深穿透地球化学找矿方法之一,在研究区能够反映深部矿化,可以应用于黄土覆盖区寻找隐伏矿床。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古大型银矿集区地球化学预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
如何利用地球化学填图数据预测潜在大型矿集区是寻找大型矿床亟待解决的问题。本文利用1:20万区域化探扫面数据和1:100万中蒙边界地球化学填图数据进行综合研究, 在全区共圈出面积大于1000 km2银的地球化学省40个, 其中具有良好Ag-Pb-Zn综合异常的有31处。内蒙已发现的4处大型银矿有3处位于地球化学省内, 已发现的11处中型银矿有10处位于地球化学省或区域异常内, 这说明大型银矿与地球化学省有高度的相关性。大型银矿区银异常强度(异常内银平均含量/背景含量)大于1.5。利用面金属量模型和地球化学块体模型对31处潜在的大型银矿区的潜在资源量进行了预测。 相似文献
11.
AbstractThe Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia hosts a number of Cenozoic paleochannels, which have been incised into the underlying Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks, filled with sediments and subsequently weathered. The paleochannels are of particular interest in mineral exploration as they may not only host placer-type deposits but also overlie significant supergene and primary mineralisation. Paleochannels also pose particular challenges during exploration as they mask underlying geochemical anomalies, including gold and pathfinder elements. This study investigates a method of distinguishing transported overburden from residual regolith utilising a combination of field and laboratory-based techniques. At the Minotaur deposit, the residual regolith and transported overburden are mineralogically similar, although the presence of biotite, chlorite and muscovite is more characteristic of the residual regolith. Geochemically, Zr, Ti, Co and Sc ratios form distinct groupings allowing more confident discrimination of transported overburden from the underlying residual regolith units. The presence of a distinct gold depletion zone at the redox front was also identified to be a feature of the Minotaur deposit, with Au enrichment occurring above (within transported overburden) and below (within saprolite) the redox front, similar to other gold deposits on Lake Lefroy. The lithological, stratigraphic and Au-enrichment characteristics at Minotaur have also been compared with regional studies and suggest the long-lived impact of paleovalleys on the depositional systems and Au distribution of Lake Lefroy. This work provides a basis for future studies of the region in particular the variation of depositional sequences within regional paleochannel networks. 相似文献
12.
An experimental survey of the gold concentrated from well water by a hydroelectrical extraction (HEE) method has been carried out in the famous Au metallogenic province in the eastern part of Shandong Province in northeastern China. This method is based on the existence of ionic Au in groundwater around ore bodies. Under the action of an external electric field, ionic Au migrates toward the cathode where the metal is absorbed by a special absorbent attached to the cathode. Promising areas for further exploration can be evaluated from the amount of Au in the absorbent.Distinct Au anomalies were discovered by the experimental survey. The results from the follow-up study of some of these anomalies have shown that most of them are related to the known placer Au deposits and to the primary Au occurrences. However, two new Au prospects and several new Au sources have been found which offer new targets for Au hunting in the area.The hydroelectrical extraction method is an effective technique of looking for Au in areas covered with transported overburden. Since the Au in well water can be concentrated on the cathode with the absorbent, the sensitivity requirement for Au analysis could be reduced. The method also provides a useful tool for the exploration of blind placer Au. 相似文献
13.
陕西镇安二台子金铜矿床表生地球化学异常特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为查明二台子金铜矿床的表生地球化学异常特征，采用土壤地球化学综合剖面的研究方法，对其进行了详细的分析研究。结果表明，区域上二台子金铜矿床的表生地球化学异常元素组合为Au-As-Sb-Hg-Cu，并表现出与原生异常在组合，含量等特征上的一致性。矿区内金、铜等成矿及指示元素在土壤中的不同层位产生了一定程度的富集。土壤和岩石样品的Au，As，Hg，Cu均密切相关。该矿床上覆的土壤及氧化矿石中的金主要以自然金相，水溶相和硫化物相形式存在，金的这种赋存相态特征可以作为寻找掩埋和隐伏金矿床的标志。 相似文献
14.
深穿透地球化学方法在山东大尹格庄金矿区试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东大尹格庄金矿埋深距地表距离大于200 m,属典型的隐伏矿床。选择大尹格庄金矿开展金属活动态测量、地球气测量、地电化学测量、土壤全量测量的方法,以检验深穿透地球化学方法勘查隐伏矿的有效性。试验结果显示:在埋深达300 m的隐伏金矿体上方发现了较明显的地球气、水提取与地电化学Au异常,异常与已知金矿体位置吻合程度较高,而土壤全量测量只在蚀变带头部有所反映,显示了深穿透地球化学方法在隐伏矿勘查中的良好应用前景。 相似文献
15.
金矿立体地球化学探测模型与深部钻探验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深部资源地球化学探测科学问题的的焦点是元素大深度垂向迁移机理和立体地球化学探测模型的建立。本文以胶东蚀变岩型金矿和贵州水银洞卡林型金矿钻孔岩芯和地表联合取样获得的数据, 建立千米深度立体地球化学探测模型。蚀变岩型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、S和Hg与金矿密切相关, 分布模式既有相似性又有差异性, Au的立体几何分布模式兼具矿化剂元素S和远程指示元素Hg的双重特征, 金异常和矿化剂元素硫与矿体倾斜方向一致, 反映了成矿过程中流体沿控矿构造的轴向运移; 金异常与类气体元素汞在垂向上一致, 而且出现从矿体到地表的连续贯通式异常, 反映了流体沿微裂隙和纳米孔的垂向迁移。卡林型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl和S在不整合面都显示高含量特征, 与深部层状主矿体分布一致; 在矿体上覆地层中都存在弱异常, 显示了明显的成矿流体沿隐伏微小断裂垂向迁移特点; 所不同的是Sb和Tl元素在不整合面附近显示了最高的元素含量, 而Sb和Hg在近地表均显示了明显高的异常特征。立体几何模型清晰地显示了矿体的展布特征和范围, 而且金及其伴生元素垂向迁移在地表形成清晰异常, 为利用金及伴生元素和矿化剂元素进行深部矿体三维预测提供了重要依据, 对指导深部金矿勘查发挥了重要作用。针对胶东蚀变岩型金矿地表完全被土壤覆盖区的穿透性地球化学微细粒级土壤采样, 金属活动态提取分析圈定的异常, 经深部钻探验证, 胶东焦家成矿带五一村3200 m钻探, 在2428.00~3234.16 m深度发现6层矿化体, 其中高品位矿体位于2854 m深度; 上宫金矿地表基岩出露, 采集断层泥或裂隙岩石样品, 可以清晰探测深部异常, 经2000 m钻探, 在1312 m处发现高品位金铅锌银矿体; 贵州水银洞采集地表细粒级土壤, 能够直接有效地揭示深部金矿体, 经500~1500 m钻探验证, 在300~1500 m深度新增金资源量203 t。 相似文献
16.
地球化学块体与大型矿集区的关系——以东天山为例 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
通过在东天山15万km2的战略性深穿透地球化学调查共圈出大于1000km2以上的地球化学块体18处,其中铜-铅-锌-银地球化学块体5处,铜地球化学块体3处,铜-镍地球化学块体1处,金的地球化学块体4处,铀的地球化学块体3处,铂-钯地球化学块体1处,钨地球化学块体1处。有6处地球化学块体与已知矿集区相对应,新圈定的地球化学块体12处,其中有3处发现了新的矿床。根据这些块体与矿集区的对比得出如下结论:所有的已知矿集区都位于地球化学块体的范围之内,地球化学块体为矿集区的形成提供了丰富的物质基础;有矿集区的存在一定有地球化学块体的存在,但反过来有地球化学块体的存在不一定有矿集区的存在,地球化学块体是客观存在的,而矿集区是已经发现了一系列矿床并勘探到一定程度才能称作矿集区,因此,地球化学块体内可能会存在潜在的矿集区,这为利用地球化学块体预测新的矿集区提供了依据。 相似文献
17.
18.
西天山地区金矿床主要成因类型及找矿方向 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
西天山地区地处古亚洲构造域天山-兴蒙成矿带的西段，经历了漫长复杂的构造演化过程，尤其是海西期强烈的构造岩浆活动，为金成矿创造了有利的条件．近几年，本区找金工作取得了突破性的进展，相继发现了阿希、望峰、大山口等金矿床，显示了良好找金前景．根据前人和笔工作，讨论了本区主要金矿化类型浅成低温热液型(又进一步划分为冰长石-绢云母型和硅化岩型)斑岩型、韧性剪切带型穆龙套型等的成矿特征，在综合分析基础上，指出找矿方向． 相似文献
19.
Wang Xueqiu 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)
A procedure for sequential leaching of various mobile forms of metals in overburden (MOMEO) has been developed. Previous work showed that selective extraction techniques developed for base metals are ineffective for Au extraction. The mobile forms of Au in overburden occur not only as ionic or complex forms but also as ultrafine particles (submicron to nanometer) dispersed in, or bound onto, water-soluble salts, colloidal particles, organic matter, iron and manganese oxides or clay minerals. The conventional approach of partial leach methods, developed for base metals, involves using appropriate extractants to attack the host materials and release the trapped mobile forms of metals into solution. But the ultrafine Au particles thus released from the host are either insoluble in the mild extractant or reabsorbed by colloids. Therefore a two-stage selective leaching scheme has been developed for Au, a sequential leaching procedure to destroy the host materials, followed by a second treatment to place the Au released from the first stage into solution for analysis. This method has been used widely in detailed, regional and strategic exploration in overburden terrains. Case studies from different climatic and geographic settings show that selective leaching of optimum mobile forms of metals in different settings can be effective in finding indications of mineralization. In temperate alluvial terrains, water-extractable and adsorbed or exchangeable forms of metals give the most prominent expression. In arid sandy desert terrains, water-extractable metals and metals in oxides are the best indicators. In cold grasslands, organically bound and water-extractable metals are the most effective indicators of mineralization at depth. 相似文献
20.
Wang Xueqiu Xie Xuejin Institute of Geophysical Geochemical Exploration Langfang Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》1996,70(3):317-330
Conventional geochemical exploration for gold deposits has not always been very satisfactory, especially for buried and blind ones. New considerations and methodology in sampling, analysis and interpretation have been developed in China during the past decade. Important considerations for unconventional gold exploration in this paper are that (1) gold is active in surface environments; (2) gold occurs not only as discrete grains, but also as ultrafine particles (submicron?to nanometer-sized particles of gold) and other complex forms; (3) regional low anomalies and superimposed anomalies over buried gold deposits are produced by ultrafine gold grains and other complex forms of gold. The methodology based on these considerations has been developed both in regional and in local geochemical exploration for gold. Examples of the preliminary application of these methods in two areas covered by transported overburden are given. 相似文献