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1.
震害遥感快速提取研究——以2003年2月24日巴楚—伽师6.8级地震为例 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
论述了遥感影像提取震害的研究进展 ,提出了基于GIS和数字图像处理技术的震害遥感快速提取与损失评估的技术途径。在此基础上 ,介绍了巴楚—伽师地震的航空与卫星遥感资料的获取、图像数字处理与震害提取过程 ;描述了地震造成的建筑物震害与地质灾害的遥感图像特征 ;根据以往震害遥感影像统计经验与本次地震震害遥感特征 ,提出了遥感震害分级分类标准和地震烈度划分标准 ,进而得到基于震害遥感影像的伽师地震等震线图。文中对所得到的地震烈度与地面实际调查结果进行了比较。通过遥感信息源空间分辨率要求与信息获取与处理的时效性分析 ,认为我国利用航空遥感与卫星遥感资料获取地震灾情信息已进入实用阶段 相似文献
2.
汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
汶川地震对震区公路隧道结构造成了严重的破坏,这严重影响了灾区震后救援和灾后重建。为了保留汶川地震灾区公路隧道震害的珍贵资料,对震区公路隧道震害资料进行了搜集、整理、统计和分析。首先按照隧道结构拱部、边墙、仰拱及附属结构进行统计和分析,再对影响隧道震害的六个因素(震中距、地质条件、断层、竖向地震、支护结构及施工质量)进行了研究,并得出了一些抗震设防启示及建议。研究成果一方面为研究汶川地震震区公路隧道震害机理提供了基础资料,另一方面对于进一步研究高烈度地震区公路隧道抗震及减震技术起到了推动作用。 相似文献
3.
在汶川地震中隧道普通段出现了严重的震害,为了提高高烈度地震区隧道普通段的抗震性能,通过统计分析汶川地震公路隧道普通段震害调查资料,对隧道普通段进行了震害分析。结果表明,隧道普通段震害主要发生在软岩均一段、软硬围岩交接段软岩部分以及围岩缺陷段。通过三维有限差分数值模拟和现场典型震害分析,研究了公路隧道普通段的震害机制,探明了围岩均一普通段隧道震害机制,即硬岩隧道普通段基本无震害,软岩隧道普通段震害较严重,衬砌结构受地震惯性力影响较大,强制位移次之;探明了围岩软硬交接普通段隧道震害机制,即震害主要发生在软硬围岩交接段软岩部分,震害的主要影响因素为强制位移,地震惯性力次之;探明了围岩缺陷普通段隧道震害机制,即震害主要由地震惯性力造成强制位移影响很小。研究成果可为高烈度地震区公路隧道普通段的抗震设防提供参考。 相似文献
4.
《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2016,(1)
合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星具有全天候、全天时的特点,为地球空间信息的获取提供了一个有效途径。变化检测技术(change detection)近几年作为极为重要的遥感应用研究手段获得了长足的发展。本文在介绍SAR卫星数据发展现状的基础上,重点介绍了基于SAR图像的变化检测方法及技术流程,并以汶川地震都江堰地区ALOS数据为例,采用差值法和比值法进行震害建筑物分布信息提取,并结合光学影像进行评定。结果证明,传统的变化检测方法对SAR图像的震害信息提取具有较好的效果,能够有效地应用于震害信息的提取与评估中。 相似文献
5.
《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2016,(0)
合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星具有全天候、全天时的特点,为地球空间信息的获取提供了一个有效途径。变化检测技术(change detection)近几年作为极为重要的遥感应用研究手段获得了长足的发展。本文在介绍SAR卫星数据发展现状的基础上,重点介绍了基于SAR图像的变化检测方法及技术流程,并以汶川地震都江堰地区ALOS数据为例,采用差值法和比值法进行震害建筑物分布信息提取,并结合光学影像进行评定。结果证明,传统的变化检测方法对SAR图像的震害信息提取具有较好的效果,能够有效地应用于震害信息的提取与评估中。 相似文献
6.
快速全面的获取地震灾情信息对于减少灾害损失、预防次生灾害发生具有重要的意义。遥感技术凭借其快速、大范围、高精度地获取地面信息的特点在震后信息提取中发挥了重要作用。传统光学遥感数据由于受到震后多云雨天气的影响,往往难以获取有效数据。合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够全天候获取数据,已成为震害评估的重要数据源。随着遥感图像向着高分辨率方向发展,数据所包含的信息也越来越丰富,更有利于地震地质灾害调查。本文以2017年九寨沟地震为例,采用高分辨率光学和SAR遥感图像为数据源,从道路震害分析、滑坡次生灾害提取、同震形变场计算等多个角度开展应用研究,对此次地震地质灾害进行调查。结果表明,结合高分辨率光学和SAR遥感影像各自的特点和优势,能够在地震地质灾害信息全面调查中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
7.
何学会 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1997,8(2):48-54
在地震危险性分析的基础上，运用剪切波速法，逐步判别法等预测震害，这对唐山地震前缺乏标贯资料的高烈度城镇区，需补充预测时，提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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9.
为了快速准确地对遭受地震影响的土坝工程的破坏状态进行评估,以土坝震害经验统计判断模型为基础,选取了更为合理的土坝震害影响因素,采用最小二乘法重新对土坝震害数据资料进行回归分析,得到了各震害影响因素在不同条件下的回归系数取值,从而建立了一个改进的土坝震害经验统计判断模型。与原模型相比,改进模型既剔除了不合理的震害影响因子,同时又使回归模型的预测准确度得到提高,其相关系数为0.908,标准差为0.459,均比原模型要好。采用两种模型对汶川地震中遭到破坏的47座土坝进行震害评估,并与实际震害进行了对比分析,初步验证了改进模型的可靠性 相似文献
10.
同相轴连续和横向分辨率良好的地震数据能够提高地震解释的精确度。地震资料同相轴在图像中体现为纹理特征,针对图像纹理特征应用边缘定向增强扩散处理,可使地震图像横向分辨率增强,即同相轴更加连续、断点更加清晰。边缘定向增强扩散应用图像增强技术中边缘检测和扩散技术,基于非线性扩散模型,根据图像纹理边缘位置和方向信息选取扩散张量和特征值。在边缘区域,沿边缘方向进行平滑,在光滑区域,沿边缘和垂直边缘方向具有较快扩散速度,由此在保护边缘信息的同时达到降噪的效果。通过理论分析和实例计算表明,边缘定向增强扩散图像增强技术处理后的地震图像有助于提高资料解释的准确性。 相似文献
11.
详细讨论了第三代相干算法的基本原理,并将图像锐化处理与相干体相结合应用到地震解释中,发现将图像锐化处理与相干体技术相结合,更能充分利用三维地震数据体中的信息,清楚地展示断层的空间走向等属性信息,更好地识别岩性体边界等,提高地震解释的精度。 相似文献
12.
It is important to know the shape of a subducting slab in order to understand the mechanisms of inter-plate earthquakes and the process of subduction. Seismicity data and converted phases have been used to detect plate boundaries. The configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has been obtained at the western part of southwestern Japan. At the eastern part of southwestern Japan, however, the configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has not yet been confirmed. A spatially high-density seismic network makes it possible to detect the boundaries of the Philippine Sea slab. We used a spatially high-density temporal seismic array in the area. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate is obtained at the eastern part of southwestern Japan using the temporal seismic array and permanent seismic network data and comparing the seismic structure obtained from the results of refraction surveys. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate obtained by this study does not bend sharply compared to previous models obtained from receiver function analyses. We delineated the upper boundary of the slab to a depth of about 45 km. The weak image of the boundary, which corresponds to the upper mantle reflector beneath the source area of the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake, was detected using the spatially dense array. 相似文献
13.
Building seismic vulnerability assessment plays an important role in formulating pre-disaster mitigation strategies for developing countries. The occurrence of high-resolution satellite sensors has greatly motivated it by providing a promising approach to obtain building information. However, this also brings a big challenge to the accurate building extraction and its coherent integration with the assessment model. The main objective of this paper is to investigate how to extract building attributes from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using the object-based image analysis (OBIA) method, so as to accurately and conveniently assess building seismic vulnerability by the combination of in situ field data. A general framework for the assessment of building seismic vulnerability is presented, including (1) the extraction of building information using OBIA, (2) building height estimation, and (3) the support vector machine (SVM)-based building seismic vulnerability assessment. Particularly, an integrated solution is proposed that merges the strengths of multiple spatial contextual relationships and some typical image object measures, under the unified framework to improve building information extraction at different scale levels as well as for different interest objects. With the aid of 35 building samples from two powerful earthquakes in China, the cloud-free WorldView-2 images and some building structure parameters from field survey were used to quantity the grades of building seismic vulnerability in Wuhan Optics Valley, China. The results show that all 48 buildings among the study area have been well detected with an overall accuracy of 80.67 % and the mean error of heights estimated from building shadow is less than 2 m. This indicates that the integrated analysis strategy based on OBIA is suitable for extracting the building information from high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Additionally, the assessment results using SVM show that the building seismic vulnerability is statistically significantly related to structure types and building heights. Both the proposed OBIA method and its integration strategy with SVM are easily implemented and provide readily interpretable assessment results for building seismic vulnerability. This reveals that the proposed method has a great potential to assist urban planners for making local disaster mitigation planning through the prioritization of intervention measures, such as the reinforcement of walls and the dismantlement of endangered houses. 相似文献
14.
S. Buske S. Lüth H. Meyer R. Patzig C. Reichert S. Shapiro P. Wigger M. Yoon 《Tectonophysics》2002,350(4):93-282
In this paper, we present a compilation of modern seismic and seismological methods applied to image the subduction process in North Chile, South America. We use data from active and passive seismic experiments that were acquired within the framework of the German Collaborative Research Center SFB267 ‘Deformation Processes in the Andes’. The investigation area is located between 20° and 25°S and extends from the trench down to 100 km depth. In the depth range between the sea bottom and 15 km, we process an offshore seismic reflection profile using a recently developed velocity-model-independent stacking procedure. We find that the upper part of the subducting oceanic lithosphere in this depth range is characterized by a horst-and-graben structure. This structure supports an approximately 3 km thick coupling zone between the plates. In the depth range between 15 and 45 km, we analyse the spatial distribution of aftershocks of the Antofagasta earthquake (1995). The aftershock hypocenters are concentrated in an approximately 3 km thick layer. Finally, in the depth range between 45 and 100 km, we apply Kirchhoff prestack depth migration to the onshore ANCORP profile. A double reflection zone is observed between 45 and 60 km depth, which may represent the upper and lower boundary of the subducted oceanic crust. Over the whole range down to more than 80–90 km depth, we obtain an image of the subducting slab. At that depth, the hypocenters of local earthquakes deviate significantly in the direction perpendicular to the slab face from the reflective parts of the slab. Consequently, our results yield a complete seismic image of the downgoing plate and the associated seismic coupling zone. 相似文献
15.
基于小波包变换的面波分离技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据面波视速度的分布范围,提出一种新的叠前面波分离技术,即把地震波场分成不受面波影响的波场和受面波影响的波场,然后利用小波包变换对受面波影响的波场进行时频分析,通过分解与重构,从中提取有效波,再将其与不受面波影响的波场合并,就可得到面波分离后的地震波场。该方法在成功分离面波的同时,可使有效波的能量(尤其是其低频能量)不受损失,既有效地保持信号的频宽不变,又提高了记录的信噪比。实际资料的处理结果表明:此方法在叠前面波分离方面具有有良好的效果。 相似文献
16.
在地震记录中,随机噪声严重影响了有效信号的提取,为此必须进行消噪处理。这里首先使用小波包变换对不同频段的信号进行精细分离,有效信号和噪声经小波包分解后,其小波包系数将表现出不同特性,然后根据这种不同特性进行去噪处理,对小波包分析法处理后的剩余地震信号再进行KL(Karhunen-Loeve)变换,提取相关有效信号,最后对提取的有效信号进行中值滤波处理,进一步去除剩余噪声。经合成地震剖面和实际地震剖面处理实验证明,小波包分析、KL变换和中值滤波联合去噪方法,能有效地消除较强的随机噪声,提高地震剖面信噪比和分辨率。 相似文献
17.
Mohammad Koneshloo Saman A. Aryana Dario Grana John W. Pierre 《Mathematical Geosciences》2017,49(8):995-1020
Realistic and accurate static geologic models are an essential element needed to predict the behavior of subsurface reservoirs and play an important role in petroleum engineering. Data used in the development of a static geologic model are gathered from various sources, such as seismic, log, and core data, each of them providing information on different physical properties of interest and with varying degrees of resolution. Compiling all data from various sources into a single representation of the subsurface formation of interest is a daily challenge for many petroleum geologists and engineers. This paper describes a framework to develop and select process-mimicking models that are consistent with available seismic attributes, namely impedance. Using a process-mimicking modeling package, 75 models of a fluvial meandering system are generated, one of which is chosen as the “true” model and masked thereafter. The implemented selection method relies on the degree of similarity in the histogram of representations of clusters of all possible patterns in the seismic impedance domain based on each process-mimicking model and that of the “true” model at several resolutions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of a weighted average divergence distance across multiple levels to select process-mimicking models that honor seismic data the best. 相似文献
18.
An improved technique is suggested for quantifying seismic activity over averaging areas of an arbitrary size. The example of the Altai-Sayan seismic zone is used to substantiate the choice of a 1° N × 2° E averaging area instead of the traditional one of 40×40 km2. Maps compiled with averaging areas of different sizes can be spliced and correlated using a correction coefficient estimated in different models. The new seismicity map of the Altai-Sayan area covers more than 90% of the territory and provides a generalized image of activity being advantageous over the classic maps as it allows better correlation of regional seismicity with the tectonic setting. With larger averaging areas and, correspondingly, a greater amount of data in each area, one can obtain time series of seismic activity to be analyzed using mathematical statistics as a basis for mathematical modeling and simulation of the seismic process. 相似文献
19.
V. B. Piip L. R. Tsydypova V. R. Melikhov A. A. Akhmetov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2012,67(3):185-192
Regional seismic works in the area of the Norilsk copper-nickel deposit were made using the seismic refraction method in the 1980s. These data were used to derive new information about the studied area. The data of eight profiles of about 2900 km total length were processed by the homogeneous functions method and reinterpreted. Based on the seismic sections thus derived, horizontal slices were built to identify the spatial positions of structures and produce the volume image of the basement??s ledge. Seismic sections of 10?C20 km in depth and horizontal slices contain the information about the boundaries, reflect the volume internal structure of sedimentary strata and basement, and show the faults. 相似文献
20.
A wide-angle reflection seismic experiment was carried out in the Eastern Goldfields granite–greenstone terrane of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton during 2001. This was the first time in Australia that wide-angle data were collected using a vibrator source and with a high density of observations. Unlike other wide-angle surveys carried out in other parts of the world, our survey used both a smaller number of sweeps, and shorter sweeps. We recorded three sweeps (each with its own frequency range) at each vibration point. The experiment demonstrated that the sum of three 12 s sweeps using 3 large vibrators provides enough energy to record signal at offsets up to up to 60–70 km. A comparison of individual shot gathers from near-vertical data and receiver gathers from wide-angle data demonstrated higher reflectivity in near-vertical data. This may be due to differences in the frequency bands of the recording equipment. The after stack section obtained from dense wide-angle data is different from that obtained from conventional near-vertical reflection data. The conventional reflection section provides higher quality image of the crust compared to the wide-angle section. This could be explained by the low-fold in wide-angle data and differences in the acquisition and processing methodology. The wide-angle survey, which was coincident with a regional vibroseis seismic reflection transect, was focused on the Leonora–Laverton region. The survey was designed to supplement the deep seismic reflection studies with velocity information. This also created an opportunity to compare velocity model derived from wide-angle reflection seismic data with a structural image obtained from the deep common mid-point seismic reflection data, and thus refine our geological understanding of the area. A high velocity body reaching a maximum thickness of 2 km was identified exclusively from the seismic velocity model derived from wide-angle study. This body is interpreted as mafic rocks within the Archaean Granite–Greenstone Belt. The joint interpretation also shows that structural boundaries do not always follow lithological boundaries in our study area. The combination of wide-angle reflection and near-vertical reflection data has facilitated a more complete geological interpretation of the seismic data. 相似文献