共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
为了进一步认识泥质对岩石宏观电性的影响规律,本文利用非规整三维逾渗网络模型,通过数值模拟研究了不同矿化度下泥质对岩石电性影响的规律. 模拟结果表明：在中低矿化度下,泥质对岩石导电整体上呈现减阻作用,随着泥质含量的增加,电阻率降低的速度减慢;中等矿化度下泥质的减阻效果明显弱于低矿化度下的减阻效果;在高矿化度下泥质对岩石导电整体上呈现增阻作用. 在高矿化度、高含水饱和度下泥质对岩石电性的影响较小. 泥质起减阻、增阻作用的具体矿化度范围取决于储层的孔隙度、连通性以及地层温度等特性. 相似文献
2.
曲折度电阻率模型在大庆G地区低渗储层评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大庆G地区P油层孔渗较低、泥质含量较高,属于中低孔特低渗、高含泥储层,利用压汞实验资料对该区储层特征进行分析,研究结果表明该区储层分选性较差、孔喉不均、微观孔隙结构复杂.复杂的孔隙结构会引起导电路径的复杂化,影响储层的电性特征.经典阿尔奇公式由于没有考虑孔隙结构变化对岩石电阻率的影响,不能准确描述孔隙结构复杂的低孔、渗储层的导电规律,因而建立一种适合于低孔、渗复杂储层的电阻率模型成为当务之急.针对P油层具有更复杂的孔隙结构,本文利用曲折度岩石体积物理模型建立了岩石孔隙结构和岩石电阻率之间的联系及关系式.该式表明,孔隙度一定时,孔隙通道越弯曲,孔隙结构越复杂,孔隙曲折度越大,岩石的地层因素值也越大.为了使该关系式实用化,本文提出在曲折度电阻率模型中引入结构系数,解决孔隙曲折度的表征问题,实现对岩石孔隙结构复杂程度的定量计算,从而建立了新的地层因素公式.利用压汞和岩电等实验数据对新的地层因素公式进行验证,证实地层因素和结构系数存在着幂次关系,岩石的孔隙结构越复杂,结构系数越大,地层因素越高.针对研究区泥质含量较高、地层矿化度较低的特点,选用能够描述饱含水地层电阻率与地层水电阻率之间弯曲关系的DOLL方程作为饱和度基本方程,并将新的地层因素公式引入DOLL方程中,建立了该区低孔、渗泥质砂岩饱和度方程.实际处理结果表明,该导电模型在一定程度上考虑了孔隙结构变化对电阻率的影响,计算的含水饱和度平均相对误差小于8％,精度满足低孔、渗储层开发生产的需要. 相似文献
3.
低阻油层通用有效介质电阻率模型 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
低电阻率油气层的识别与评价一直是测井解释领域亟待解决的难点和热点问题,而砂岩油气层的低电阻率可能是由于富含分散泥质、层状泥质、骨架含导电矿物、微孔隙发育、高矿化度地层水等因素综合引起的,因此,有必要建立一种适用于上述5种成因类型的低阻油层通用电阻率模型．基于低阻油层人造岩样的实验测量结果和有效介质对称各向异性导电理论,针对不同成因低阻油层形成机理,建立了适用5种内因成因类型的低阻油层通用有效介质电阻率模型．通过对该模型的影响因素分析,从理论上说明该模型可以描述5种内因成因弓I起的低阻油层的导电规律,同时,发现泥质分布形式对模型计算的含水饱和度有很大的影响;地层电阻增大系数随层状泥质电导率和含量、分散黏土含量以及骨架颗粒电导率的增大而减小;随骨架渗滤指数和微孔隙水渗滤速率的增大,及微孔隙水渗滤指数、骨架渗滤速率和可动水渗滤速率的减小而减小．通过不同成因低阻岩心实验数据的验证和实际资料解释,表明提出的模型适用于高矿化度地层水、富含分散泥质、微孔隙发育、层状泥质、骨架导电等5种成因的低阻油层解释,是解决低阻油层问题的通用电阻率模型． 相似文献
4.
新疆塔北低阻油气储层导电模型--双水泥质骨架导电模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对前人提出的泥质分布型、双水型、岩石骨架等导电模型的剖析,发现有的模型没有区分微孔隙水与地层水的性质和导电路径;有的模型没有区分微孔隙水和粘土水的导电路径;有的模型没有考虑泥质分布形式和泥质数量等.为此,吸取了这些模型的优点,克服其不足,结合新疆塔北地区泥质砂岩低阻油气储层的特征及成因,建立了一个新的泥质砂岩导电模型--双水泥质骨架导电模型(Dual-Water
Clay Matrix Conductive Model,缩写为DWCMCM),双水是自由水和微孔隙水,泥质骨架是含有粘土水的粘土颗粒.DWCMCM区分不同水的性质和导电路径,并考虑了泥质分布形式和泥质数量,因此DWCMCM评价新疆塔北地区泥质砂岩低阻油气储层的结果与实际储层情况相符. 相似文献
5.
研究了淡水环境下富含粘土矿物、细颗粒砂岩低电阻率油气层. 分析了粘土的附加导电性,认为粘土质量百分数高且富含伊利石和蒙脱石的地层中,若地层水质量浓度小于15g/L等效NaCl盐溶液时,粘土的附加导电性是造成油气层电阻率低的首要原因. 同时分析了细颗粒、粘土质量百分数不高的储层,高的毛细管压力使束缚水饱和度很高,同样能形成低电阻率油气层. 储层中粘土质量百分数的多少对储层岩石电性特征(I-Sw曲线形态)有重要影响,可用于指导测井资料解释模型的选择. 相似文献
6.
泥页岩储层储集空间以纳米/微米级的微孔隙和微裂缝为主,结构复杂,加之干酪根和黏土矿物含量较高,并含有一定量的黄铁矿等导电矿物,造成储层导电机理异于常规储层,岩电实验I-S_w曲线呈现非线性特征,阿尔奇公式等传统评价模型适用性较差.针对上述问题,根据实际岩心实验资料,结合随机算法建立三维逾渗模型并通过数值模拟和超松弛迭代法进行求解,分析泥页岩储层非阿尔奇性产生原因以及泥页岩储层电性的影响因素及规律.模拟结果显示,岩石孔隙拓扑结构和形状尺寸、矿物组成以及地层水电阻率等因素均对泥页岩储层电阻率产生不同程度的影响,通过改变上述因素的设定值,可以建立储层电阻率与各因素的单相关关系,并据此建立修正模型,实现储层含水饱和度的计算.该模型在四川某页岩气产区取得了较好的效果,具有良好的应用前景,为利用逾渗模型模拟方法解决油田勘探开发中的复杂问题提供了新思路. 相似文献
7.
复电阻率测井在识别油水层的能力上优于常规电阻率测井,然而储层岩石复电阻率特性的微观机理还没有统一完整的解释和数学模拟方法,致使复电阻率测井技术的开发缺乏足够的理论基础.本文基于孔隙介质Pride电震耦合理论,结合谐变信号激励下渗流场与电流场的耦合理论,推导出一级近似条件下的Pride电震耦合理论.采用格林函数方法建立了一维电震波场的波动方程及其解.构造了双电极法测量储层岩石复电阻率的物理模型和数学模型,从理论上阐明了岩石复电阻率频散特性的微观机制与电震效应的关系,定量分析了储层岩石复电阻率频散特性的影响因素.数学模拟结果表明:储层岩石复电阻率的频散现象是在电震快纵波和电震慢纵波的共同作用下,由孔隙介质中的电渗流机制形成的;储层岩石的复电阻率随孔隙度的增大而减小,随渗透率的增大而增大,地层水矿化度的增加或阳离子交换量的增大使得同频率的复电阻率减小.慢纵波界面极化频率受孔隙度、渗透率和地层弹性模量的影响较大,而快纵波界面极化频率受地层弹性模量的影响较大. 相似文献
8.
模型和实验研究证明，岩石润湿性对原油和地层水在孔隙系统中的分布有重大影响，因而能改变岩石电阻率、电阻增大系数和饱和度指数与含水饱和度的关系．在含水饱和度和地层、水电阻率相同的条件下，油湿和水湿岩石的电阻率相差很大，这对电测井定量解释有很大影响 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
针对低孔渗储层渗透率主要受孔隙结构影响致使利用常规孔隙度和束缚水饱和度等参数预测渗透率精度低的难题,依据低孔渗岩石孔隙中流体渗流的特点,考虑岩石孔隙空间中对流体渗流贡献最大的那一部分孔隙,引入有效流动孔隙概念,以提高低孔渗岩石渗透率计算精度.考虑岩性、物性、电性变化,设计岩石物理实验,根据压汞实验数据计算岩样对应不同孔隙半径的进汞孔隙度与渗透率之间的相关系数,制作相关系数与孔隙半径交会图,将相关系数达到某一值(如0.8)对应的孔隙半径确定为有效流动孔隙半径下限,其对应的进汞孔隙度确定为有效流动孔隙度实验分析值.依据水流与电流流动相似性原理,从导电角度推导有效流动孔隙度的计算公式.对于含水低孔渗泥质岩石,将束缚水和粘土水看成不导电干骨架,采用能够描述孔喉比的等效岩石元素模型推导出只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石地层因素的公式;根据有效流动孔隙的含义,只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石的有效流动孔隙可以等效为具有相同岩石体积和地层因素且由骨架和弯曲毛细管组成的岩石结构中的毛管孔隙,根据弯曲毛管模型推导出地层因素与有效流动孔隙度关系式,结合两式可得到有效流动孔隙度的表达式.根据实验数据采用最优化方法确定公式中参数,从而给出有效流动孔隙度计算式.统计有效流动孔隙度实验值与岩心分析渗透率关系,回归得到低孔渗泥质岩石渗透率的计算式.对B区X1、X2井低孔渗储层进行处理,从实际应用效果方面证实该方法提高了低孔渗泥质储层渗透率计算精度. 相似文献
10.
非均质储层的孔隙结构与物性、渗流、电性等特征密切相关,是影响储层品质及流体性质的重要因素.利用常规测井曲线实现全井段孔隙结构定量评价对于储层非均质性评价具有重要意义.首先根据岩心压汞资料对孔隙结构进行分类,依据分形理论求取不同测井曲线的分形维数,通过对比选取反应孔隙大小的孔隙度测井曲线盒维数和反应孔隙连通程度的电阻率曲线R/S维数来对孔隙结构进行分类评价,绘制孔隙度曲线加权盒维数和电阻率曲线加权R/S维数交会图,确定每类孔隙结构分类标准,最后利用分形维数范围对全井段孔隙结构进行分类.研究表明,不同测井曲线反应的岩石物理信息不同,其分形维不一定相同.地层非均质性越强,不同测量原理的曲线计算的分形维差别越大;通过提取反应不同测井曲线变化复杂程度的维度信息,建立交会图识别孔隙结构类型,充分考虑了孔隙大小和连通程度,避免了单一分形维无法完全反映曲线的变化程度,避开了流体等信息对测井曲线的影响,提取的参数仅反应岩石非均质性强度,有利于解决油气勘探中非均质性地层孔隙结构精细定量评价问题. 相似文献
11.
Zhanshan Xiao Shengwen Zhang Tiexuan Zhang Shihe Zhu Jing Ma 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(6):1027-1033
Based on experiments on rock electrical parameter dispersion properties in both water displacing oil and oil displacing water processes, it is found that the frequency dispersion properties of electrical parameters in water-bearing rocks are quite different from those in oil-bearing rocks. Oil saturation can severely impact the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties and as the oil saturation increases, the properties are more distinguishing. The variation of formation water salinity has a significant effect on the rock resistivity, hence the modulus of the rock complex resistivity varies with water saturation and a U-shaped curve occurs over a single frequency, just like the normal resistivity. However, the effect of formation water salinity on the rock frequency dispersion is less than that of oil saturation. As a result, the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties will have a significant potential of application in the evaluation of watered-out zones as well as identification of oil-bearing zones and water-bearing zones. 相似文献
12.
The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31 and EM-34 instruments from Geonics Ltd. The EM-31 functioned as predicted when compared against resistivity soundings and pore water samples and proved valuable for profiling in otherwise inaccessible terrain due to its relatively small size. Experiments with the EM-34 in marine water, however, did not reproduce the theoretical instrument response. The most effective technique for predicting pore water conductivities based on EM data entailed (1) computing formation factors from resistivity surveys and pore water samples at representative sites and (2) combining these formation factors with onshore and offshore EM-31 readings for broader spatial coverage. This method proved successful for imaging zones of elevated pore water conductivities/salinities associated with mangrove forests, presumably caused by salt water exclusion by mangrove roots. These zones extend 5 to 10 m seaward from mangrove trunks fringing Tampa Bay. Modeling indicates that EM-31 measurements lack the resolution necessary to image the subtle pore water conductivity variations expected in association with diffuse submarine ground water discharge of fresher water in the marine water of Tampa Bay. The technique has potential for locating high-contrast zones and other pore water salinity anomalies in areas not accessible to conventional marine- or land-based resistivity arrays and hence may be useful for studies of coastal-wetland ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
Vladimir Shevnin Aleksandr Mousatov Albert Ryjov Omar Delgado-Rodriquez 《Geophysical Prospecting》2007,55(2):265-275
The determination of clay content in near‐surface formations is crucial for geotechnical, hydrogeological and oil‐contamination studies. We have developed a technique for estimating clay content that consists of the minimization of the difference between the theoretically calculated and measured soil resistivities as a function of water salinity. To calculate the resistivity, we used a model that takes into account the electrochemical processes in the clay micropores. The experimental measurements of soil resistivity were performed on soil samples, completely saturated by brines at different concentrations of NaCl salt in the range 0.6–100 g/l, to obtain the resistivity versus salinity curve. The parameters obtained with this curve inversion are the clay content, the total porosity and the cation exchange capacity. To verify the new technique, we determined clay concentrations of artificial mixtures of calibrated sand and clay. The relative mean error in the clay content does not exceed 20% for a 5% fitting error of the resistivity versus salinity curves. Such evaluations allow the correct separation of the main lithological groups (sand, sandy loam, loam, and light, medium and heavy clay). We applied this technique to estimate the petrophysical parameters of soils (clay content, porosity and cation exchange capacity) at various sites in Mexico. The results improved the interpretation of the vertical electrical soundings, the lithological soil characterization and the delineation of oil‐contaminated areas. 相似文献
14.
基于数字岩心的岩石电性微观数值模拟(英文) 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
本文利用x射线CT获取反映岩心微观结构的三维数字岩心,利用数学形态学中的开运算模拟了岩石的油驱水排驱过程中,不同含水饱和度下油和地层水在孔隙空间中的分布。利用有限元方法计算了岩石电阻率,进而得到岩石地层因素和电阻率指数,并考查了岩石润湿性对岩石电阻率指数的影响。数值模拟结果表明：基于数字岩心的水湿岩石地层因素和电阻率指数数值模拟结果与实验结果一致,拓展了岩石电阻率实验的能力;岩石润湿性对岩石电性有重要影响,在相同含水饱和度下,油湿岩石电阻率高于水湿岩石电阻率,油湿岩石饱和度指数远大于水湿岩石饱和度指数。 相似文献
15.
开展复杂低渗储层特征、测井响应及其控制因素分析,有助于储层评价与油水层识别.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部长6期沉积具多物源供给、沉积相带频繁变化的特点,来自不同物源的沉积砂体岩石碎屑成分存在明显差异.长7、长6沉积期盆地周边的火山作用,致使一些地区的长6砂体具有相对高放射性特征.长6储层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构特征复杂多变,再加上地层水系统的变化,致使一些油区长6低电阻率油层与常规油层、高电阻率水层与常规水层共存.研究结果表明,成藏动力与阻力的对比关系决定了在同一砂体中除存在常规油水分布外,还可能存在油水倒置分布.因此,加强钴前预测、钻井过程监督与调整、钻后综合研究、生产实践检验、解释模型与参数调整、老井复查等,有利于识别油水层,整体把握油水分布规律. 相似文献
16.
天然气水合物形成条件及其含量的研究是天然气水合物调查研究中最为关心的两个问题.从天然气水合物形成过程的热动力学理论模型出发,半定量地探讨了不同因素（温度、压力、气体组成、孔隙水盐度、沉积物孔隙大小等）对天然气水合物形成作用及含量的影响程度.结果显示,气体组成特别是丙烷的加入对天然气水合物形成的温度和压力条件影响最大,孔隙水盐度也会对天然气水合物形成的温度和压力条件产生重要影响,沉积物孔隙在一定范围内（1×10-6m～4×10-8m）对天然气水合物形成的温度和压力条件影响有限.天然气水合物含量受孔隙大小和盐度影响较小,主要只与气体的供应大小有关. 相似文献
17.
The physical characteristics of coal reservoirs are important for evaluating the potential for gas desorption, diffusion, and seepage during coalbed methane (CBM) production, and influence the performance of CBM wells. Based on data from mercury injection experiments, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, isothermal adsorption, initial velocity tests of methane diffusion, and gas natural desorption data from a CBM field, herein the physical characteristics of reservoirs of high-rank coals with different coal-body structures are described, including porosity, adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and seepage. Geometric models are constructed for these reservoirs. The modes of diffusion are discussed and a comprehensive diffusion-seepage model is constructed. The following conclusions were obtained. First, the pore distribution of tectonically deformed coal is different from that of normal coal. Compared to normal coal, all types of pore, including micropores (<10 nm), transitional pores (10–100 nm), mesopores (100–1000 nm), and macropores (>1000 nm), are more abundant in tectonically deformed coal, especially mesopores and macropores. The increase in pore abundance is greater with increasing tectonic deformation of coal; in addition, the pore connectivity is altered. These are the key factors causing differences in other reservoir physical characteristics, such as adsorption/desorption and diffusion in coals with different coal-body structures. Second, normal and cataclastic coals mainly contain micropores. The lack of macropores and its bad connectivity limit gas desorption and diffusion during the early stage of CBM production. However, the good connectivity of micropores is favorable for gas desorption and diffusion in later gas production stage. Thus, because of the slow decline in the rate of gas desorption, long-term gas production can easily be obtained from these reservoirs. Third, under natural conditions the adsorption/desorption properties of granulated and mylonitized coal are good, and the diffusion ability is also enhanced. However, for in situ reservoir conditions, the high dependence of reservoir permeability on stress results in a weak seepage of gas; thus, desorption and diffusion is limited. Fourth, during gas production, the pore range in which transitional diffusion takes place always increases, but that for Fick diffusion decreases. This is a reason for the reduction in diffusion capacity, in which micropores and transitional pores are the primary factors limiting gas diffusion. Finally, the proposed comprehensive model of CBM production under in situ reservoir conditions elucidates the key factors limiting gas production, which is helpful for selection of reservoir stimulation methods. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Hydrology》2006,316(1-4):301-312
Direct current resistivity traversing has been used to characterise the nature of the saline interface at Te Horo on the Kapiti Coast in New Zealand. The results show that the interface in the vicinity of the settlement, which relies on bores for potable water, has intruded inland 10 m further than in undeveloped areas. Resistivity traversing has been particularly successful in defining subsurface areas of higher salinity by providing a two-dimensional image of the bulk resistivity structure. The results of the resistivity surveys are supported by bore water chemistry, which show evidence of saltwater mixing. Bores on beachfront properties have concentrations of up to 1% seawater. A resistivity formation factor has been derived to allow the pore fluid resistivity to be estimated for future coastal surveys. The results also illustrate the problems associated with using standard models to predict the location of the saline interface when small amounts of diffusive mixing occur. 相似文献