共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In the Southern African Development Community region, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles and tools are being implemented through the existing regional framework for water resources development and management. The IWRM approach is applied at river basin level seeking a balance between the economic efficiency, social equity and environmental sustainability in water resources management and development. This paper uses composite indexes to analyze the performance of River Basin Organizations (RBOs) as key implementing agents of the IWRM framework. The assessment focuses on three RBOs that fall under the Regional Water Administration for Southern Mozambique (ARA-Sul) jurisdiction, namely: Umbeluzi, Incomati and Limpopo River Basin Management Units. The analysis focus on the computation of a set of multidimensional key performance indicators developed by Hooper (2010) but adapted to the Mozambican context. This research used 24 out of 115 proposed universal key performance indicators. The indicators for this case study were selected based on their suitability to evaluate performance in line with the legal and institutional framework context that guides the operations of RBOs in Mozambique. Finally these indicators were integrated in a composite index, using an additive and multiplicative aggregation method coupled with the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique employed to differentiate the relative importance of the various indicators considered. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the methodology developed to analyze the RBOs performance and proved useful in identifying the main performance areas in need of improvement for better implementation of IWRM at river basin level in Mozambique. This information should support both the IWRM framework adaptation to local context and the implementation at river basin level in order to improve water governance. 相似文献
2.
Josepha Ivanka Wessels 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1323-1337
ABSTRACTThe concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has enjoyed immense popularity and thus has been the preferred approach for river basin management. IWRM generally has a strong focus on rational choice, based on a technocratic conceptual interpretation of the conventional hydrological cycle. However, uncritical acceptance of IWRM runs the risk of blinding policy makers and academics for the defining impact of context, socio-cultural, political, historical and cognitive dimensions in water cooperation. Human behaviour in water cooperation was tested and observed during eight experiments with the Jordan River Basin Boardgame Exercise (JRBBE) played with respondent groups from inside and outside the Jordan River Basin. The experiments consisted of one control group outside the basin and seven respondent groups both outside and inside the basin. This article argues that the role of identities, beliefs and perception-of-the-other, should be taken more into account in order to develop successful and socio-political sustainable river basin management.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献
3.
Urban areas in the Lake Victoria (LV) region are experiencing the highest growth rates in Africa. As efforts to meet increasing demand accelerate, integrated water resources management (IWRM) tools provide opportunities for utilities and other stakeholders to develop a planning framework comprehensive enough to include short term (e.g. landuse change), as well as longer term (e.g. climate change) scenarios. This paper presents IWRM models built using the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) decision support system, for three towns in the LV region – Bukoba (Tanzania), Masaka (Uganda), and Kisii (Kenya). Each model was calibrated under current system performance based on site visits, utility reporting and interviews. Projected water supply, demand, revenues and costs were then evaluated against a combination of climate, demographic and infrastructure scenarios up to 2050. Our results show that water supply in all three towns is currently infrastructure limited; achieving existing design capacity could meet most projected demand until 2020s in Masaka beyond which new supply and conservation strategies would be needed. In Bukoba, reducing leakages would provide little performance improvement in the short-term, but doubling capacity would meet all demands until 2050. In Kisii, major infrastructure investment is urgently needed. In Masaka, streamflow simulations show that wetland sources could satisfy all demand until 2050, but at the cost of almost no water downstream of the intake. These models demonstrate the value of IWRM tools for developing water management plans that integrate hydroclimatology-driven supply to demand projections on a single platform. 相似文献
4.
Implementing environmental flows in integrated water resources management and the ecosystem approach
I.C. Overton D.M. Smith J. Dalton S. Barchiesi M.C. Acreman J.C. Stromberg 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(3-4):860-877
AbstractIn many of the world’s river basins, the water resources are over-allocated and/or highly modified, access to good quality water is limited or competitive and aquatic ecosystems are degraded. The decline in aquatic ecosystems can impact on human well-being by reducing the ecosystem services provided by healthy rivers, wetlands and floodplains. Basin water resources management requires the determination of water allocation among competing stakeholders including the environment, social needs and economic development. Traditionally, this determination occurred on a volumetric basis to meet basin productivity goals. However, it is difficult to address environmental goals in such a framework, because environmental condition is rarely considered in productivity goals, and short-term variations in river flow may be the most important driver of aquatic ecosystem health. Manipulation of flows to achieve desired outcomes for public supply, food and energy has been implemented for many years. More recently, manipulating flows to achieve ecological outcomes has been proposed. However, the complexity of determining the required flow regimes and the interdependencies between stakeholder outcomes has restricted the implementation of environmental flows as a core component of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). We demonstrate through case studies of the Rhône and Thames river basins in Europe, the Colorado River basin in North America and the Murray-Darling basin in Australia the limitations of traditional environmental flow strategies in integrated water resources management. An alternative ecosystem approach can provide a framework for implementation of environmental flows in basin water resources management, as demonstrated by management of the Pangani River basin in Africa. An ecosystem approach in IWRM leads to management for agreed triple-bottom-line outcomes, rather than productivity or ecological outcomes alone. We recommend that environmental flow management should take on the principles of an ecosystem approach and form an integral part of IWRM.Editor D. KoutsoyiannisCitation Overton, I.C., Smith, D.M., Dalton J., Barchiesi S., Acreman M.C., Stromberg, J.C., and Kirby, J.M., 2014. Implementing environmental flows in integrated water resources management and the ecosystem approach. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 860–877. 相似文献
5.
Dejana Jakovljević Pešić Ana Milanović Joksimović Dragana Milijašević 《Water Resources》2019,46(2):286-295
Water Resources - This paper aims to present water resources management problems in Serbia and recommend possible solutions. Key issues involve water quality and water quantity. Water quality is... 相似文献
6.
《Water Policy》2001,3(2):109-123
Scarcity of good quality water has led many countries to introduce demand-based water management in the irrigated agriculture section in place of the existing supply-based water management. This transition requires institutional changes, including the formation of Water User Associations (WUAs). The paper reviews the constraints of irrigated agriculture in Pakistan and discusses the conditions for success in the formation of farmers’ organizations. This paper seeks to show that the development of WUAs is a vital step in the development of integrated water resource management. It is argued that IWRM is a prerequisite for a sustainable society in water-dependent countries that are increasingly water-scarce—like the paternalistic and bureaucratic societies of South Asia. 相似文献
7.
Quantifying water vulnerability: a multi-dimensional approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Caroline A. Sullivan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(4):627-640
In today’s uncertain world, vulnerability of water supplies is of increasing concern. A number of factors influence this,
ranging from physical conditions through to human management capacities. Across the Orange River Basin in southern Africa,
these threats arise from overpopulation and farming pressure, with agrochemical and industrial runoff as well as harsh weather
conditions giving rise to severe problems of erosion and land degradation. Under conditions of climate change, these threats
are exacerbated, as temperature rises and water resources become more erratic. Since water is both an essential instrument
of livelihood support and a crucial factor of production, there is a need to develop more effective mechanisms to identify
those areas where its scarcity or poor management can bring about a slowdown in the development process. This urgency is heightened
by the international commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), supposedly to be reached by 2015. In addition
to the MDGs, governments are also committed to the development of basin management plans for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This means that, in order to try to allocate water in an equitable and efficient way, better understanding is needed
of all of the complexities of managing water across heterogeneous basins. It is now recognized that effective water management
is much more dependent on effective governance than on hydrologic regimes. Ranging from traditional local customary norms
and practices dating back through generations to the latest state-of-the-art science-based international agreements, water
governance is a key to supporting the lives and livelihoods of local populations. Access to information is an essential feature
of any of these approaches, and harmonization of data on water issues is long overdue. This paper provides an outline of an
index-based methodology on which an assessment of water vulnerability can be made. In this approach, supply-driven vulnerability (from water systems) and the demand-driven vulnerability (from water users), are evaluated at the municipal scale. By combining these various dimensions together mathematically,
a Water Vulnerability Index (WVI) can be generated. 相似文献
8.
Water Resources - Meromictic water bodies (water bodies with stable vertical water stratification, which forms because of a difference between the density of its layers) is a rare phenomenon, which... 相似文献
9.
Water Resources - The paper presents the results of experiments with mesomodeling of water pollution in a lowland freshwater body by a mixture of salts of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu). The response of... 相似文献
10.
Judeh Tariq Almasri Mohammad N. Shadeed Sameer M. Bian Hanbing Shahrour Isam 《Water Resources》2022,49(3):503-514
Water Resources - Groundwater NO3 contamination (GNC) threatens the drinkability of water in many countries worldwide. It could cause serious health problems and sometimes lead to death. This paper... 相似文献
11.
Le Duc Luong Shakirov Renat B. Hoang Nguyen Shinjo Ryuichi Obzhirov Anatoly Syrbu Nadezhda Shakirova Maria 《Water Resources》2019,46(5):807-816
Water Resources - This paper presents review of dissolved Rare Earth Elements (REE) and methane anomalies distribution in the East China Sea water column. In general, the REE concentrations of the... 相似文献
12.
Water Resources - The density of particles in the bottom deposits of water bodies is an important characteristic, which determines the rate of interaction between bottom water layers with the... 相似文献
13.
Smallholder irrigation schemes are largely supply driven such that they exclude the beneficiaries on the management decisions and the choice of the irrigation schemes that would best suit their local needs. It is against this background that the decentralisation framework and the Dublin Principles on Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) emphasise the need for a participatory approach to water management. The Zimbabwean government has gone a step further in decentralising the management of irrigation schemes, that is promoting farmer managed irrigation schemes so as to ensure effective management of scarce community based land and water resources. The study set to investigate the way in which the Guyu-Chelesa irrigation scheme is managed with specific emphasis on the role of the Irrigation Management Committee (IMC), the level of accountability and the powers devolved to the IMC. Merrey’s 2008 critique of IWRM also informs this study which views irrigation as going beyond infrastructure by looking at how institutions and decision making processes play out at various levels including at the irrigation scheme level. The study was positioned on the hypothesis that ‘decentralised or autonomous irrigation management enhances the sustainability and effectiveness of irrigation schemes’. To validate or falsify the stated hypothesis, data was gathered using desk research in the form of reviewing articles, documents from within the scheme and field research in the form of questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews and field observation. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyse data quantitatively, whilst content analysis was utilised to analyse qualitative data whereby data was analysed thematically. Comparative analysis was carried out as Guyu-Chelesa irrigation scheme was compared with other smallholder irrigation scheme’s experiences within Zimbabwe and the Sub Saharan African region at large. The findings were that whilst the scheme is a model of a decentralised entity whose importance lies at improving food security and employment creation within the community, it falls short in representing a downwardly accountable decentralised irrigation scheme. The scheme is faced with various challenges which include its operation which is below capacity utilisation, absence of specialised technical human personnel to address infrastructural breakdowns, uneven distribution of water pressure, incapacitated Irrigation Management Committee (IMC), absence of a locally legitimate constitution, compromised beneficiary participation and unclear lines of communication between various institutions involved in water management. Understanding decentralization is important since one of the key tenets of IWRM is stakeholder participation which the decentralization framework interrogates. 相似文献
14.
Rong Kun Li Xueping Yang Qian Shan Changqing Zhang Zaiwang Zhao Deyong 《Water Resources》2022,49(3):378-390
Water Resources - As one of the factors affecting water resources, land use is influenced by humans and is of great significance to water resources management. This paper used SWAT model parameter... 相似文献
15.
Water Resources - This paper developed wavelet decomposition and Seq2Seq hybrid models (W-Seq2Seq) to predict water quality. Four Seq2Seq models, namely one-layer unidirectional model (Uni1),... 相似文献
16.
Guan-Wei Lin 《Water Resources》2019,46(5):780-788
Water Resources - Chemistry variations in the rivers are key indexes of weathering mechanisms. This paper presents a chemical variation examination of water samples acquired from 11 Taiwanese... 相似文献
17.
Water Resources - Artificial water bodies in Kalmykia, which is known to have limited water resources, have been constructed for drinking water supply to the population, cattle-breeding, and... 相似文献
18.
Water Resources - The paper highlights results obtained from collation between river water quality in mountain regions of Russia and Armenia employing two different methodological approaches: a... 相似文献
19.
Water Resources - Macrozoobenthos analyses were used to evaluate the ecological water quality in the Shuya River, a large tributary of Onega Lake, which determines water chemistry in the water... 相似文献
20.
Water Resources - Scarcity and irreplaceable attributes of water resources and the increasing demand for water resources are exacerbating the water crisis in China. The “Most Stringent Water... 相似文献