共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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溃坝风险后果分析是水库大坝风险评估的重要内容。影响溃坝风险后果的因素多,作用机理复杂,导致不同研究方法的分析结果与实际后果之间均存在较大差异。从风险后果的内涵出发,建议风险后果可分为生命损失、经济损失和环境影响3个基础类别;分析国外研究成果与应用情况,明确从基于历史资料构建经验模型到基于致灾机理构建物理模型的发展趋势;分析中国溃坝风险后果评估现状,明确结合致灾机理的经验模型分析、半定量评价和区域损失叠加计算三类研究方法在准确性和实用性方面的优点与不足;提出应从加强致灾机理分析、注重准确性与实用性的结合、重视非工程措施的重要作用和在应用中不断改进等4个方面采取措施,提高风险后果研究水平和实际应用效果。 相似文献
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国内采用岩石隧道掘进机（简称TBM）施工的隧洞呈现深埋、超长趋势,变形引起的TBM卡机事故屡见不鲜,为了减少这些事故,可以预先对变形引起的TBM风险事故进行综合评价,因此,在单元风险研究的基础上对综合风险计算及评价准则进行研究。采用概率理论推导了变形引起的TBM风险事故的综合风险概率的计算模型,根据推导的模型可以近似计算出5类后果等级事故发生的概率;采用TBM的卡机时间与纯掘进时间的比值作为分级指标,结合以往TBM施工的统计数据划分工期损失后果等级,再结合风险的概率分级,建立变形综合风险评价准则;采用研究的理论,对工程选取段TBM施工卡机风险进行了两种工况下的计算分析。计算结果表明,施工时若不采取任何措施TBM施工风险比较大,但采用合理的措施之后风险可控制在可接受的范围内。 相似文献
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由于运营环境恶劣,寒区水库大坝会面临冰冻灾害频发且致灾因素众多等问题,严重影响大坝稳定运营,增大了安全风险隐患,并增加了整治维修成本。为有效预防大坝冻害发生,提升大坝风险管理水平,提出了一种基于T-S模糊故障树理论的寒区水库大坝冻害风险分析方法。以坝体不均匀变形、坝体渗漏加剧、面板冻害破坏为下级事件建立了T-S模糊故障树;同时通过底事件重要度计算对主要致险因素进行了分析;并将冻胀力学分析与T-S模糊故障树相结合,对红旗泡水库大坝面临的冻害风险进行了计算分析。研究发现诱发大坝冻害的主要风险因素包括反复冻融作用,库区水位波动、冰层堆积与风浪侵蚀,面板与坝体填筑质量缺陷和坝体防渗及保温措施不足等;同时,发现红旗泡水库大坝发生冻害风险的可能性较高,应进行风险排查与处理。应用结果表明,所提出的方法能科学合理地分析大坝冻害风险并确定关键致险因子,可为寒区水库大坝的冻害风险的识别、管理与决策提供技术支持,进而为大坝设计、施工、运营维护及冻害防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
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国际工程风险管理涉及到工程管理的各个方面,包括市场风险、社会政治经济环境风险、汇率风险、水文地质气象风险、技术风险、不可抗力风险等。国际工程项目风险管理就是通过风险识别、风险分析和风险评价去认识项目的风险,并以此为基础通过采取各种应对措施、管理方法、技术手段对项目的风险实行有效的控制,妥善处理风险事件造成的不利后果, 相似文献
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防洪系统风险分析的研究评述 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以风险的基本概念(风险的定义、特征和风险分析方法)为基础，在排雨水道涵洞设计、堤防河道行洪、水库大坝安全、洪水及风险管理决策等诸方面对防洪系统风险分析的研究进展加以评述，并对其发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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盐岩地下储备库引发地表沉陷事故的风险分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在盐岩储备库的建设和运营过程中,由于腔体不断收缩而导致上覆岩层发生变形,从而引起储库上部地表发生碟状沉降变形,甚至造成地表塌陷事故是盐岩地下储备库的重要事故类型之一。针对盐岩地下储备库引发的地表沉陷事故进行分析,找出了该类事故的发生机制并建立相应的故障树模型,计算得到地表沉陷事故的14种发生模式和10个基本致因事件,并提出了相应的控制措施。并从风险分析的角度对盐岩储备库引发的地表沉降事故的后果严重性进行预测分析研究,并以湖北云应盐矿为例,假设该地区在储气库的建设或运营过程中发生地表沉降事故,采用模糊综合评价法对该类事故后果的严重性进行风险预测,得出后果为可忽略、需考虑、严重、非常严重、灾难性的概率分别为0.24、0.28、0.29、0.15、0.04。为有效预防盐岩储备库运营引发地表沉陷事故以及在事故发生前进行损失严重性预测提供了依据和方法 相似文献
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基于事故统计分析的盐岩地下油/气储库风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于国外盐岩地下油气储备库曾发生过的重大事故的统计资料,采用风险矩阵法对盐岩储备库在建设和运营过程中的存在的重大风险进行了评价,分析了储备库重大事故的发生概率、风险等级、事故类型以及引发事故的主要原因,为我国盐岩储备库在建设和运营中的风险管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明,单个盐穴在建设和运营过程中发生重大事故的统计概率为1.51%,风险等级介于三级和四级之间,属于基本可接受的风险,但必须制定防范、监控措施;事故类型可分为油气渗漏、腔体失效和地表沉陷,其中油气渗漏事故的风险等级为三级,属于可接受风险,其他类型的事故风险等级均为二级,属于可容许风险;引发事故的原因主要是套管破损、蠕变过量和人为失误,其次还有地面装置损坏和盖层失效 相似文献
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The problem of dam safety is one of the most important research topics of water conservancy projects, and many researchers pay much attention to study the risk of earth dam overtopping. This paper synthesizes in the definition of risk the probabilities of dam failure and the corresponding losses, including the probability estimation, losses evaluation and criteria exploring risk approaches. Then, a comprehensive risk assessment system of dam flood overtopping is established, which is widely applicable. Gate failure, randomness of flood, initial water level and time-varying effects are incorporated in the failure probability model. Many complex factors are simplified in losses estimation. In addition, thresholds of various types of losses are proposed and are adapted to the national conditions. The methodology is applied to the Lianghekou hydropower station in China to illustrate the assessment process of flood overtopping risk and to evaluate its safe loophole with a view to the failure of spillway gates. Monte Carlo simulation and JC method programs are adopted to solve the model based on MATLAB tools and DELPHI. The results show that the losses pose significant impact on the risk assessment and should be considered in the assessment of risk. Probability calculation and loss estimation could be well combined with standards, providing a basis for risk management and decision-making. 相似文献
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针对滑坡风险在水电工程进行坝址比选时量化评价的问题,提出了基于滑坡风险评价的坝址比选研究方法,在综合考虑滑坡危险性分析、易损性分析和破坏性评价的基础上,引入滑坡体重要性系数、工程影响系数、距离模数、滑坡体状况系数、工况发生年概率等5个指标参数,综合考虑滑坡体客观情况与人类活动影响因素,建立以年期望值为指标的水电工程滑坡灾害评价体系。用坝址安全风险指标、堵江引起发电量损失指标、河道清淤指标、库内清淤指标、涌浪破坏损失指标、人口易损性指标和自然易损性指标等指标作为标准对坝址选择进行风险综合评价,可有效避免在安全风险指标相似情况下坝址风险确定难的问题。通过对滑坡体造成的破坏损失评价,运用安全与经济性相平衡原则,得出基于风险评价的坝址比选结果。以雅砻江卡拉水电站坝址选择为计算实例,得出同一量纲下的计算分析结果,该结果更直观可靠,为坝址比选提供了依据。 相似文献
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The assessment of traffic accident risk based on grey relational analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The traffic accident risk includes three aspects, traffic accident probability, traffic accident severity, and traffic accident trend respectively. In this paper, nine indicators are selected to evaluate the traffic accident risk. The grey relational analysis method was used to determine the weights, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the risk. These methods were applied to assess the comprehensive risk of traffic accident in 31 provinces in China. The results show that the average value of traffic accident risk is 55.17. Nine provinces which are located in the northwest area and southeast area belong to the high-risk level. The medium-risk areas are widely distributed in the central, northeast, and southwest regions. The low-risk areas are Jilin, Neimenggu, Guizhou, and Beijing. The results have great significance for the measurement and management of regional traffic accident risk. 相似文献
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In dam safety assessment, it is customary to focus on stability analysis, and the safety factor is regarded as an assessment
index that cannot correctly reflect the effect of multi-factors and variable uncertainty. The factors that induce dam breaks
are complex and uncertain; however, three primary ones can be identified: hydrological factors, seepage and bank slope instability.
In this paper, the risk probability and the dam break threshold value for each factor individually, as well as coupled factors,
are studied. The threshold value is acquired using the relationship formula between risk probability and dam type. The Dongwushi
reservoir located in the Hebei province of China is taken as a case study. The results show that the dam break threshold values
for hydrological factors, seepage and bank slope instability are 2.53, 2.02 and 2.69, respectively. The integrated dam break
threshold value for the coupled factors is 1.25, which indicates that the dam is under serious stress according to the established
risk assessment standard. The safety factor is calculated as 1.15 using the Bishop method, which indicates that the dam is
under serious stress. The results obtained by the proposed method are consistent with those of the Bishop method. Finally,
the proposed theory and method are introduced into a dam safety evaluation system (DSES) for convenient and efficient dam
safety management. 相似文献
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Renato Macciotta C. Derek Martin Norbert R. Morgenstern David M. Cruden 《Landslides》2016,13(4):765-785
The benefits of quantitative risk assessments for landslide management have been discussed and illustrated in several publications. However, there still are some challenges in its application for low-probability, high-magnitude events. These challenges are associated with the difficulties in populating our models for risk calculations, which largely require the input of expert opinion. This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment to a very slow moving rock slope within a dam reservoir in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. The assessment is focused on the risk to the population in the vicinity of the dam and the populated areas downstream. Expert opinions quantified the slope failure probabilities in the order of 10?3 to 10?1 per year for the smallest failure scenario considered and less than 10?6 for a failure of the entire slope. However, these estimations are associated with high levels of uncertainty. Our approach starts with the calculation and assessment of the magnitude and probability of the potential slope failure consequences, minimizing the uncertainties associated with estimated slope failure probabilities. Then, these consequences and failure probabilities are combined to obtain a measure of risk. The uncertainty associated with the slope failure probabilities is managed by the estimation of plausible ranges for these. The calculated risk levels are then presented as ranges of values and assessed against adopted evaluation criteria. The consequence and risk assessment of the rock slope suggest that the risk to the population exposed in the vicinity of the dam and populated areas downstream is under adequate control. The probability of large consequence scenarios is extremely low, in the order of 10?7 chance of an event causing more than 100 fatalities. We propose an observational technique to assess changes in risk levels and decide when to update the risk management approach or deploy emergency measures. The technique is focused on the detection of changes in the slope deformation patterns that would indicate an increase in the potential failure volumes or an imminent failure. It can be considered an extension to the current early warning system in place, easy to implement and enhanced with the strength of the comprehensive analysis required for a quantitative risk assessment. 相似文献
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安全是洞穴旅游的生命线,是洞穴旅游活动正常开展的前提和保障。国内外多数洞穴旅游安全事故多起因于旅游从业者和游客自身安全认知欠缺。由于洞穴旅游从业者直接面对游客,是洞穴旅游安全事故的“第一道防火墙”,因此,从洞穴旅游从业者的角度对洞穴旅游安全认知进行研究就显得尤为重要。本文对我国17个旅游洞穴从业者的旅游安全认知开展问卷调查,运用统计分析和灰色关联分析对洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知及其差异进行分析,得到以下结论:（1）我国洞穴旅游从业者的总体安全认知度较高;（2）我国洞穴旅游从业者安全管理认知存在一定差异;（3）不同属性的洞穴旅游从业者安全认知度存在一定差异;（4）不同洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知度存在一定差异。基于洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知,可采取如下措施提高洞穴旅游安全管理水平:加强对洞穴旅游从业者的安全教育培训,提高安全意识;提升洞穴旅游景区（点）的安全管理水平,增强执行力度;建立健全洞穴旅游安全控制、预警和救援制度,切实保障旅游。 相似文献
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Dwayne D. Tannant 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):148-157
The Testalinden earth dam in southern British Columbia failed in June 2010 and created a huge debris flow. Homes were destroyed and property was damaged. The failure of this small dam resulted in a comprehensive review of over 1000 dams in the province, evaluation of dam safety management practices, changes to the Water Act and improvements in how data on dams are collected, archived and communicated. The provincial dam inventory was re-evaluated to ensure that appropriate consequence classification, and therefore attention, is assigned to dams. Increased scrutiny was placed on dam owners to ensure they complied with dam safety policies and to ensure they submitted annual inspection reports and formal dam safety reviews in a timely manner. Dam owners and professionals engaged in dam safety activities have received new guidelines and better education and training. 相似文献
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Designing a long-term flood risk management plan for the Scheldt estuary using a risk-based approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Steven Broekx Steven Smets Inge Liekens Dirk Bulckaen Leo De Nocker 《Natural Hazards》2011,57(2):245-266
The Scheldt is a tidal river that originates in France and flows through Belgium and the Netherlands. The tides create significant flood risks in both the Flemish region in Belgium and the Netherlands. Due to sea level rise and economic development, flood risks will increase during this century. This is the main reason for the Flemish government to update its flood risk management plan. For this purpose, the Flemish government requested a cost-benefit analysis of flood protection measures, considering long-term developments. Measures evaluated include a storm surge barrier, dyke heightening and additional floodplains with or without the development of wetlands. Some of these measures affect the flood risk in both countries. As policies concerning the limitation of flood risk differ significantly between the Netherlands and Flanders, distinctive methodologies were used to estimate the impacts of measures on flood risk. A risk-based approach was applied for Flanders by calculating the impacts of flood damage at different levels of recurrence, for the base year (2000) and in case of a sea level rise of 60 cm by 2100. Policy within the Netherlands stipulates a required minimal protection level along the Scheldt against storms with a recurrence period of 1 in 4,000 years. It was estimated how flood protection measures would delay further dyke heightening, which is foreseen as protection levels are presently decreasing due to rising sea levels. Impacts of measures (safety benefits) consist of delays in further dyke heightening. The results illustrate the importance of sea level rise. Flood risks increased fivefolds when a sea level rise of 60 cm was applied. Although more drastic measures such as a storm surge barrier near Antwerp offer more protection for very extreme storms, a combination of dykes and floodplains can offer higher benefits at lower costs. 相似文献