共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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对1999～2002年中国地球物理学家在地球内部结构和物质性质方面的研究工作进行了总结．分别对地球内部结构的地震波速度成像研究，中国及其周边地区上地幔介质各向异性的研究，S波介质品质因子Q,俯冲带研究，地幔间断面的研究，地球物质性质的实验研究以及其它方面的一些研究工作进行了综述．指出了各方面的主要研究内容、使用的主要方法和得到的结果．从这4年的研究中可以发现，中国的科学家在地球内部结构和物质性质的研究中又取得了新的进展，主要表现在3个方面:一些原有领域中的研究更加深入； 开辟了新的方向；研究方法更先进． 相似文献
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地震层析成像板块构造及地幔演化动力学 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
地震层析成像技术的飞速发展给人类提供了一个探测地球内部结构的强有力的工具，也给人类展示了一片新的天地，使人类更加清晰地在两个层次之上（地球的层圈构造和内部横向不均匀性）了解地球内部，特别是对幔内部非均匀结构，从全球和区域的尺度上揭示出地球内部特别是地壳和上地幔横向不均匀结构。呈现出全新的地球，特别是地幔结构的三维图像框架，很容易理解，这一基本框架正是地幔演化热动力学过程的现代表现，如此，我们可以利用该框架去追溯、探讨全球构造特别是地幔构造演化的历史，从而深化对于我们这个星球演化过程的理解。 相似文献
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现代固体地球科学已经认识到,地幔对流不再是少数动力学家的假想,它是地幔热动力系统的主要构架.地幔对流和板块运动驱动机理关系的研究已经从简单的主动或被动驱动的讨论转向对统一热动力系统的探讨.包括地幔热柱在内的地幔对流的深入研究不仅成为研究地幔热动力系统演化的主线,也成为研究大陆形成和演化驱动机理的主线.与此同时,以地震层析成像为主体的地震、地球物理观测资料和以地幔岩石化学组份为主体的地球化学观测成为认识地幔对流的强有力的工具.然而,地球化学和地球物理观测之间存在明显的差异,一些依赖于地球化学数据构思的新的热动力学框架对地幔对流的研究构成了强烈的挑战. 相似文献
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这篇综述讨论大空间、大时间尺度的地幔动力学近几十年的发展和现状,着重讨论了相关的观测及其动力学意义.这些观测包括现在地球的板块运动的基本特性,中、长波重力异常及大地水准面异常,地震层析成像得到的地幔结构,以及过去10亿年超级大陆Pangea和Rodinia的形成、裂解和演化,及火山岩浆活动.关于地球动力学模型的讨论是围绕着这些相关的观测而进行的.涉及到的一些主要问题包括以下.第一,地幔动力学研究显示,地震层析成像得到的下地幔的二阶结构(比如核幔边界附近的LLSVP结构),和俯冲带的快速异常体,可以解释为过去1亿年左右的板块运动和地幔对流的结果;第二,地幔三维结构作为地幔对流的驱动力,是导致中、长波重力及大地水准面异常的直接原因;结合地幔动力学模拟,观测的大地水准面异常对地幔黏性结构提供了强有力的约束,很可靠的结果之一是下地幔的黏性比上地幔要高至少一个量级,并且最近的研究确定软流圈的存在;第三,过去10亿年大陆块体经历过的Rodinia和Pangea两期超级大陆的形成和破裂是地幔动力学在地表的反映.地幔结构在Pangea形成过程中是一阶结构(即一个半球是冷的下降流,而另一个半球是热的上涌流)主导的,而现在的二阶为主导的地幔结构是Pangea形成后,破裂前或破裂过程中才形成的;地幔动力学和其他研究支持地幔结构在一阶和二阶间转换的1-2-1模型;第四,板块构造在地球上的起源和动力机制依然是充满争议和不确定的课题,但是这些问题同时也是重要的地球动力学基本问题. 相似文献
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介绍了地幔电性结构、地幔温度、地幔含水量等参数对地球动力学和地幔动力学过程的重要科学意义,综述了近年来利用海底电缆在该领域的主要研究进展.本文首先介绍了日本利用海底电缆探测地幔深部结构的方法原理与发展历程,然后阐述了该方法的观测方式、观测系统与仪器,综述了国际上近年来利用海底电缆在环太平洋地区海底的观测资料进行地幔一维电导率结构、三维电导率分布的研究进展.基于海底电缆的观测数据进行反演的结果表明,太平洋海域地区地球深部存在410 km,660 km的电导率不连续面,此不连续面与地震资料的波速不连续面基本一致,为地幔不连续面提供了新的地球物理证据.在根据由海底电缆观测数据反演得到的太平洋地区地球内部电导率分布基础上,综述了综合深部地震波速、岩石高温高压实验等,将电导率的分布转换为地球内部的温度场分布、推导地幔过渡带水的浓度进而转换为地幔过渡带的含水百分比(含水量)的方法技术与研究进展.研究结果表明,夏威夷和北日本海地幔过渡带电导率异常主要受温度控制,菲律宾海域地幔过渡带的电导率异常除了和温度有关外,还受含水量影响,该处地幔过渡带的含水量大约在1％左右.这些研究表明,海底电缆探测方法,在地球深部探测尤其是地幔不连续面的探测、地幔温度场分布与特征、地幔含水量等方面有重要的作用.最后,展望了海底电缆探测方法的研究与发展,这些研究方法及成果对认识中国海域地球内部机构提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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本文对现今地球动力学和历史地球动力学的研究范畴和特点进行了简要说明,提出了地球动力学研究层次的划分,对现今地球动力学的三个重要问题,即地球的分层问题和地幔涌流模式的构想;全球构造格局的反对称性;经向构造两侧构造运动的差异和纬向的地幔流等进行了一般性的讨论 相似文献
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地幔热动力学模型 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
地幔,特别是下地幔,远比人们先前的设想活跃.地球物理学、地质学和地球动力学的观测和地球热动力学模拟表明:(1)地幔底部与地核交界处有一厚度为200km 左右的D″层,这是一个非常活跃的区域,它的运动和变化直接与地核的行为有关,仅仅将其看成全地幔对流的以热传导为主体的热边界层是不够的,小尺度的热对流或许主导这一层内部的物质运动,它加热地幔同时又通过热柱将其部分热量输运到地球外层;(2)地幔热柱有可能源于地球初期不均匀的残存堆积,其存储的热量不断地或穿透整个地幔形成热点或消失在软流层中与该层中的次一级对流相耦合;(3)上地幔在670km 深度范围内广泛存在次一级对流体系。其尺度为500—700km 这一对流体系决定了岩石层板块内部的构造和动力活动,其活动周期远比全球规模的板块运动活动周期小得多;(4)全球规模的大尺度全地幔对流与板块构造动力学密切相关。它以不到10亿年左右的时间完成一个周期,它不断地更新地球表层,也搅拌着地幔,同时还输运地球内部的热能向外层空间散发;(5)地幔局部地区层状相互耦合的对流结构在地震层析剖面上有明显的显示,它表明了地幔对流结构的复杂性,仅管我们对此相知甚少,但它或许是无法避免的;(6)岩石层是人类熟知的赖以生存的方舟,它的运动和构造反映了上述所有运动信息,仅仅将其视为一对流体系的热边界层是不够的,它自身作为一个独立的力学单元影响了整个地幔的热动力学过程.因此,面对如此活跃的、复杂的地幔,用一个单一的模型去描述它是不合适的.上述各种热动力学单元及其运动均有自身的力学特征及运行机制和规律,但它们又是相互作用和影响而构成地幔整体,这就是一个真实的但又模糊不清的地幔热动力学模型.为了完善这一模型,需要更多的、细致的地球物理和地球动力学的观测资料以及需要我们更深刻地理解和更认真地解释这些资料的地幔热动力学背景. 相似文献
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Introduction Progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior has been made in the last 4 years. ZANG, et al (1999) had reviewed the studies on the structure, geodynamics and the physical properties of the Earths interior in China during 1994~1998. This review will summarize the work done by Chinese geophysicists on the structure and physical properties of the Earths interior from 1999 to 2002. The contents are mainly on the structure and physics of the… 相似文献
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The studies on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior done by Chinese geophysicists from 1999 to 2002 were reviewed in this paper. It includes several research areas: the structure of the Earth‘s interiors using seismic tomography, anisotropy of the upper mantle in China and its adjacent areas, quality factor Qβ for S waves, subduction zone, mantle discontinuities, physical properties of Earth‘s materials and others. The review concerns mainly the contents, the methods and the results of the studies. It can be seen that new progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of the Earth‘s interior has been made in the last 4 years in China. It is shown on three aspects: advancement made on some preexistent areas; pioneering on some new fields and new methods adopted. 相似文献
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The studies on the structure and physical properties of the mantle by Chinese geophysicists from 2003 to 2007 are reviewed in this report. It mainly contains studies on the seismic velocity structure of the mantle,anisotropy of the mantle,mantle discontinuities,mantle convection and the physical properties of mantle. The review concerns mainly the contents,the methods used and the results of the studies. It can be found that new progress in the study on the structure and physical properties of mantle has been made in the last four years in China. In some preexis-tent areas much progress has been made,advanced methods have been adopted,extensive international co-operation has been conducted in many ways,and the scope of the co-operation has gradually expanded. More-over,some new fields appear as well. 相似文献
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P.ecent progress in studies of experimental rock mechanics and tectonophysics in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper reviews the recent progress in the studies of experimental rock mechanics and tectonophysics concern-ing seismology and physics of the Earth‘s interior in China. The progress is presented in the following aspects: a) A lot of results of experiment and numerical simulation enrich our knowledge of the brittle fracturing process under the condition with heterogeneity in material and structure; b) Some new results on frictional behavior of non-homogeneous faults reveal the complexity of faulting behavior; c) Some new results on the brittle-plastic tran-sition and plastic flow are obtained; especially the important progress is obtained on theological properties of rocks in the lower crust and the upper mantle; d) A lot of experimental results are obtained on rock physics at high tem-perature and pressure and have been used in study of material composition and state. These results provide useful information for understanding the physical properties and deformation mechanisms of material of the Earth‘s inte-rior and earthquake physics. 相似文献
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随着数字化地震台网的普及和利用以及计算机分析处理技术的提高，近几年利用地震波研究地幔内部间断面有了一定的进展。本文概述了近年来国内外有关学者对地幔内部间断面的认识，采用的研究方法及研究动态。 相似文献
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Dr. Tsuneji Rikitake 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1952,22(1-2):37-41
Summary From the standpoint of the electrical state of the earth's interior as inferred from both geophysical and physical researches, the possibility ofElsasser-Bullard's theory is discussed. The electromagnetic shielding within the earth's mantle is also taken into account. It is of interest that the theory seems to well harmonize with the electrical state considered. 相似文献
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Water (or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth’s climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth’s water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties. 相似文献
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To measure elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure is an important way to acquire the mechanics and thermodynamics data of rocks in the earth's interior and also a substantial approach to studying the structure and composition of materials there. In recent years, a rapid progress has been made in methodology pertaining to the measurements of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure with solids as the pressure-transfer media. However, no strict comparisons have been made of the elastic wave velocity data of rocks measured at high temperature and high pressure by various laboratories. In order to compare the experimental results from various laboratories, we have conducted a comparative experimental study on three measuring methods and made a strict comparison with the results obtained by using the transmission method with fluid as the pressure-transfer medium. Our experimental results have shown that the measurements obtained by the three methods are comparable in the pressure ranges of their application. The cubic sample pulse transmission method used by Kern is applicable to measuring elastic wave velocities in crustal rocks at lower temperature and lower pressure. The prism sample pulse reflection-transmission method has some advantages in pressure range, heating temperature and measuring precision. Although the measurements obtained under relatively low pressure conditions by the prism sample pulse transmission method are relatively low in precision, the samples are large in length and their assemblage is simple. So this method is suitable to the experiments that require large quantities of samples and higher pressures. Therefore, in practical application the latter two methods are usually recommended because their measurements can be mutually corrected and supplemented. 相似文献