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1.
珠穆朗玛峰地区雪冰中重金属浓度与季节变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对2005 年9 月采自珠穆朗玛峰北坡海拔6523 m 的东绒布冰川积累区一批雪坑样品中重金属Ba, Co, Cu, Zn 和Pb 的浓度利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行了测试, 重金属浓度范围分别为(pg/ml); Ba2~227、Co2.8~15.7、Cu 10~120、Zn29~4948、Pb14~142。并利用气体稳 定同位素质谱仪MAT-252 对样品稳定氧同位素比率(δ18O) 进行了测试, 雪坑样品对应的时间为2004 年夏到2005 年秋, δ18O和重金属元素的浓度都存在着季节变化特征。在夏季风期间δ18O 值和重金属元素的浓度都很低,而在非夏季风期间δ18O值和重金属元素浓度升高,反映了不同的水汽来源对重金属浓度季节变化的影响及其环境意义。Co, Cu, Pb, Zn 的地壳富集系数(EFc) 分别为: 3.6、27、33、180, 表明该地区Pb, Cu, Zn 已经受到了人类活动的污染, 其中Zn 受到的污染最大。 相似文献
2.
Concentrations of heavy metals in the intertidal gastropod Nerita lineata collected from 4 sampling stations in the intertidal zone of Dumai coastal waters have been analyzed and correlated with the respective metal concentrations in their habitat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between heavy metal concentrations in the N.lineata with metal concentrations in their habitat, which include seawater, algal mat, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the sediment, N.lineata, suspended particulate matter, algal mat and surface seawater were found to be higher in stations closed to Dumai city center which has more industrial and anthropogenic activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe in the N.lineata collected from Dumai intertidal area were 4.14 μg/g, 5.90 μg/g, 44.43 μg/g, 3.74 μg/g, 20.73 μg/g, 24.91 μg/g in shell; 4.16 μg/g, 7.31 μg/g, 51.78 μg/g, 17.63 μg/g, 23.52 μg/g, 30.60 μg/g in operculum and 0.71 μg/g, 15.09 μg/g, 9.41 μg/g, 94.42 μg/g, 5.10 μg/g, 398.24 μg/g dry weight in the total soft tissue, respectively. Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations of parts of the N.lineata were in the order: that of operculum>shell>soft tissue whilst Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations of parts of the N.lineata in the order: that of soft tissue>operculum>shell. This suggested that N.lineata could be used as biomonitoring agent for Cu, Zn and Fe (soft tissues) and for Cd, Pb and Ni (operculum). However, the shell had significant correlations (P<0.05) with metal concentrations in the sediment, algal mat, suspended particulate matter and seawater. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of the shell also revealed greater capacity for non-essential metals bioaccumulation from all environmental phases. This might suggest that the shell of N.lineata could be better used as biomonitoring agent for heavy metal pollution. 相似文献
3.
The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe were determined in the surface sediment and marine gastropod Nerita lineata collected in May 2005 from the intertidal zone of Dumai, Sumatera, Indonesia and Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. The results showed that metal concentrations in sediment and the soft tissue of N. lineata varied at different sampling stations. Mean heavy metal concentrations were 0. 92 μg/g(Cd) ;6.40 μg/g(Cu) ;32.77 μg/g(Pb) ;54.41μg/g(Zn) ;11.56 μg/g(Ni) and 2.97%(Fe) in sediment from Dumai and 1.15 μg(Cd) ;26.73 μg/g(Cu) ;53.45μg/g(Pb) ;130.77 μg/g(Zn) ;20.79 μg/g( Ni ) and 2.72% (Fe) in sediment from Johor. Concentrations of metals in gastropod N. lineata were 0.71 μg/g(Cd) ;15.16 μg(Cu) ;9.35 μg/g(Pb) ;94.69 μg/g(Zn) ;5.08 μg/g(Ni) and 397.97 μg/g(Fe) in samples from Dumai and 1.24 μg(Cd) ;18.02 μg/g(Cu) ;19.75 μg/g(Pb) ;95.09 μg/g(Zn) ;5.57 μg/g ( Ni ) and 473. 56 μg/g (Fe) in samples from Johor. Although they were not statistically significant (p >0.05), heavy metal concentrations in N. lineata were correlated with the concentrations of respective metals in sediment in both samples from Dumai and Johor. In general, samples of sediment and gastropod from Johor accumulated significantly higher heavy metal concentrations when compared to samples from Dumai(p < 0. 05). Higher concentrations of metals were recorded in samples collected from the stations close to the industrial and anthropogenic activities in both Dumai and Johor areas. However, most of the concentrations were still comparable to the previous reported studies from other geographical areas. 相似文献
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5.
Mohammad Lotfolah Hamedani Ian Rutherford Plimer Chaoshui Xu 《Natural Resources Research》2012,21(3):325-345
The Western Mineralisation in the Broken Hill deposit was studied to identify the zonation sequence of lithogeochemical haloes along and across the strike of the orebody. Samples used are from 77 drill holes and the samples were assayed for Pb, Zn, Fe, S, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sb, Bi and As. Variogram analyses were calculated for all the elements and kriging was used to construct the 3D block model. Analysis of cross sections along and across the strike of the orebody shows that Bi and Sb form broader halos around sulphide masses and this suggests that they are pathfinder elements for the Pb and Zn elements of this orebody. The threshold concentrations (minimum anomaly) of the 10 elements were determined using the concentration-area analysis. On east?Cwest vertical cross sections, the values of linear productivity, variability gradient and zonality index were calculated for each element. Based on the maximum zonality index of each element, the sequence of geochemical zonation pattern was determined from top to bottom of the orebody. The result shows that S, Pb, Zn and Cd tend to concentrate in the upper part of the mineralisation whereas Ag, Cu, Bi and As have a tendency to concentrate in the lower part of the mineralised rocks. Also, an empirical product ratio index was developed based on the position of the elements in the zonation sequence. The methods and results of this research are applicable to exploration of similar Zn and Pb sulphide ore deposits. 相似文献
6.
哈尔滨沙尘暴的化学特征及其物质源探讨 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对哈尔滨2002年3月20日的沙尘沉降物进行了收集。地球化学元素分析表明,哈尔滨沙尘暴沉降物化学成分以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,三者之和达77.8%,比兰州沙尘暴沉积物高8.72%,比兰州黄土高7.06%。V、Rb、Nb、Ba等微量元素含量要明显高于兰州沙尘,而Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sr则低于兰州沙尘。Ca、Na、Sr元素的富集因子明显小于1,为亏损元素;Mg、K、Si、Fe、Mn、P、Ti、Co、Ni、V等元素的富集因子都在1左右,主要是地壳来源,来源于地表土的风力起尘。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Se等元素有一部分来自于地壳源之外的其他污染源;As、Cd和Sb元素的富集因子大于10,为大气污染来源。沙尘的化学组成及富集因子、判别函数、物源指数、地表土的粘粒率、化学风化指标等分析表明,西北黄土的元素组成非常接近兰州沙尘,而明显不同于哈尔滨沙尘,哈尔滨沙尘源区不同于西北黄土及兰州沙尘,其气候生物状况和化学风化程度要明显好于或高于西北沙尘源区。 相似文献
7.
Amany G. Taher 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(2):149-169
The morphology and geochemistry of saline lakes in the Wadi El Natrun depression were studied. All lakes had pH values of 8.5--9.5 and a salinity from 283 to 540 g/L. The main ionic components were sulphate, chloride, carbonate and sodium. Traces of magnesium were also present. The water of the lakes is of the Cl– to SO
4
2–
-Cl– type. Increased Cl– in Wadi El Natrun brines can increase metal solubility due to the formation of soluble chloro-complexes of trace elements. The metal concentrations decrease in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Zn > Fe > Mn. The characteristics of Wadi El Natrun saline lakes are compared with those from other saline lakes. 相似文献
8.
王港潮滩重金属Pb、Zn和Cu积累规律及污染评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对15年来王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn、Cu积累规律和污染状况进行了研究,第一次测到了王港地区210Pb的本底值为1.16dpm/g,校正了前人对王港地区沉积速率的研究。研究表明,王港潮滩现代平均沉积速率为4.13cm/a;王港潮滩重金属垂直方向的含量变化具有趋同性; Cu、Zn的归一化值在15年内相对Pb的归一化值稳定,其中Cu的波动范围在0.4~2之间,Zn在1.5~2.6之间狭小的范围内波动;Pb归一化以后在4个柱状样中,都表现出随时间的变化发生了较大的波动,可能受人类活动影响较大。采用瑞典科学家Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对王港潮滩重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价分析,并与单因子指数评价比较,对王港污染状况进行综合性的评价。结果显示,Pb为该区域的主要污染因子。王港近岸海域表层沉积物中Cｕ 、Pｂ、Zn的潜在生态危害指数均小于95,总体王港潮滩重金属污染状况属于潜在轻微生态危害。 相似文献
9.
YueFang Li Zhen Li Ju Huang Giulio Cozzi Clara Turett Carlo Barbante LongFei Xiong 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(6):568-579
Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods. To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements (Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li, Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements (REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements (defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to 0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements (especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns, REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing. 相似文献
10.
Heavy metal concentrations of Wadi El Natrun saline lakes were investigated. Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe and Al were measured in surficial sediments. The heavy metal concentrations largely indicate the influence of weathering of terrigenous sources on land. In comparison with the average in sedimentary rocks, the concentrations of the heavy metals studied are higher than the global average sandstone. This is also reflected in the high enrichment factors. The heavy metal concentration in lakes II and III decrease in the order Pb > Zn > Cu, while in lake I the decreasing order is Cu > Zn > Pb. Sediments with microbial mats were found to concentrate heavy metals above background sediment values. 相似文献
11.
珠穆朗玛峰地区雪冰中重金属浓度与季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The concentrations of heavy metals Ba, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co in snow pit collected in September, 2005 from the accumulation area
of the East Rongbuk Glacier (6523 m a.s.l.), which lies on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, were determined by inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations (pg/ml) of heavy metals are Ba2-227, Co2.8-15.7, Cu10-120, Zn29-4948
and Pb14-142, respectively. The δ18O was determined by MAT-252. The time period of the snow pit spans from autumn 2005 to summer 2004. Seasonal variations of
the concentrations and δ18O are observed, of which Pb, Cu, Zn and Co are much lower in summer monsoon season than that in non summer monsoon season,
suggesting that different sources of heavy metals contributed to the site. EFc (crustal enrichment factors) is Co3.6, Cu27, Pb33 and Zn180, respectively. Higher EFc values of Pb, Cu and Zn suggest that Pb, Cu especially Zn are mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources.
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40501014; No.40871058
Author: Duan Jianping (1981–), Ph.D. Candidate, specialized in climate and environmental change. 相似文献
12.
Jarmo J. Meriläinen Virve Kustula Allan Witick Eeva Haltia-Hovi Timo Saarinen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(2):531-545
In order to assess the importance of different pollution sources for the increase in element concentration and accumulation, historical changes in selected elements were studied in the annually laminated sediment of Lake Korttajärvi in Central Finland (62°20′N; 25°41′E). The sediment chronology based on varve counting (256 BC to AD 2005) provided a unique opportunity to explore and date signals of metal emissions, including the ancient metallurgical activities of the Roman Empire at the beginning of the Current Era. Records of this kind are mostly lacking in Finland and northernmost Europe. The stratigraphic sequence of element concentrations did not reflect any major changes in the lake, but changes in element accumulation rates provided distinct pollution signals caused by airborne fallout, catchment erosion, and to some extent municipal wastewater loading. The maximum bulk sedimentation recorded in the twentieth century was 11-fold and organic sedimentation 4-fold higher than the mean background sedimentation rate (256 BC to AD 1019). The increase in the accumulation rates of the majority of the elements, such as Cd, Sn, Pb, Si, Ni, B, Cu, Zn, Sr, Na, K, Sb, Ca, Cr, U and Mg, in descending order, was at least equal to that of bulk sedimentation or much greater, especially for Cd, Sn, and Pb. Changes in the accumulation of Co, Fe, Mn, Mo and As were small and mainly followed those of organic sedimentation. The earliest pollution signals were those of Pb recorded in AD 1055–1141. A weak signal of Pb pollution from the Roman Era was detected in metal concentrations, but this could not be confirmed by the accumulation rate data for Pb. 相似文献
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14.
陕西五里铺黄土微量元素组成与全新世气候不稳定性研究 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：14
通过对岐山黄土剖面Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn元素含量、磁化率及粒度的研究表明,这些元素含量变化实质是气候变化的直接结果,其含量高指示风化成壤作用强烈的湿润环境,含量低指示寒冷的干旱环境。揭示出黄土高原南部全新世气候在总体温暖的情况下有明显波动变化,在5000~6000 a BP出现一次明显气候干旱期,使全新世"大暖期"分裂形成两个主要的成壤期S01和S02。在S01、S02成壤时期仍存在次一级的气候变化事件。全新世时期该地区经历了黄土沉积(Lt)→古土壤发育(S02)→黄土覆盖(L02)→土壤再度发育(S01)→黄土堆积及现代表土(L10)的发展演化阶段。 相似文献
15.
A 211 m depth ice core observation was carried out at the top of the Vestfonna Ice Cap in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, Norway in 1995. Chronology of the ice core was determined by tritium analysis and comparison to the volcanic eruption of Laki; the resulting accumulation rate is 0.34 0.35 m water eq.·yr -1 for the last 400 year. Concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Pb and U in an ice core have been determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) with a desolvated micro concentric nebulizer, which is a recent development and can achieve high sensitivity with low uptake rate of 60 mL/min. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn had increased from 1940s declined from 1970s to present. However, the profiles of Pb, Cu, and Zn were different and they seem to be influenced by the difference of sources. Since the ratios between Cu, Pb, and Zn in Svalbard is similar to that in French Alps, the source area of these elements is estimated to be Europe. 相似文献
16.
北京市小麦籽粒的重金属含量及其健康风险分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
为评价北京市小麦重金属含量及其健康风险,采集北京市现有小麦种植区土壤和小麦籽粒对应样品68份,分析其重金属含量,并估算消费导致重金属摄入量。结果表明:北京市麦地土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均值分别为7.46、0.165、37.8、20.3、24.2、14.3和70.1mg/kg,处于比较清洁水平。这说明小麦种植这种土地利用方式并不会导致土壤重金属升高。小麦籽粒中重金属含量,除Cr与食品卫生标准限值没有显著性差异外,其他元素均显著低于相应标准限值。普通人群通过小麦制品消费,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的摄入量分别为0.005、0.004、0.136、0.994、0.041、0.024、4.75mg/人 · d。北京小麦种植的主要4个区中,顺义产小麦的Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb导致的重金属摄入量高于其他3个区,房山产小麦导致的重金属摄入量最低。对于普通人群而言,通过小麦和蔬菜摄入重金属没有明显风险。 相似文献
17.
The study was conducted to quantify the concentration and distribution of metals (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Fe) in the surface sediments and to assess the status of metal contaminations in the Klang River, Malaysia. The concentrations of metals (μg∕g, Fe%, dry weight) were as follows: 0.57-2.19 μg∕g Cd; 31.89-272.33 μg∕g Zn; 5.96-24.47 μg∕g Ni; 10.57-52.87 μg∕g Cu; 24.23-64.11 μg∕g Pb and 1.56%-3.03% Fe. Sequential extraction technique (SET) showed that mean anthropogenic portions of metals were in the order of Zn (60.22%), Cu (56.01%), Cd (45.63%), Ni (42.08%), Pb (33.22%) and Fe (10.26%). The highest concentrations of metals ( p<0.05) were found in the stations located close to industrial parks and highly populated areas. The results of the present study showed that the effectiveness of total organic carbon (TOC) contents in controlling the distribution and enrichment of metals was a more important factor compared to grain size. The study also indicated that the control of metals pollution from direct influx of domestic wastes and insufficiently treated industrial wastes in the Klang River was an important and desirable way to minimize the detrimental effects of metals. 相似文献
18.
血吸虫病是一种水源性传播的寄生虫病。本文探讨了血吸虫病流行与水文化学地理因素的关系。病区水体富集微量元素,31种微量元素的平均累乘指数>1,其中亲铜元素、亲石元素和稀土元素的含量较高,而亲铁元素和Hg、As的含量较低,钙镁摩尔比值接近毛蚴最造钙镁摩尔比值(0.8)。 相似文献
19.
干旱区典型流域土壤微量元素的空间变异特征研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用地统计方法,以新疆三工河流域为例,研究了干旱区流域土壤微量元素的空间异质性特征。结果表明,四种微量元素为对数正态分布;流域内土壤微量元素的空间异质性明显,微量元素含量绿洲区普遍高于荒漠区;其中,有效铁和有效锌含量基本属正常范围,有效锰含量处于普遍缺乏状态,有效铜含量较高;微量元素变异系数在42.28%~83.24%;四种微量元素含量空间变异具有各向异性特征,为中等强度的空间自相关性,表现为二阶趋势效应。用简单克立格法进行最优内插,考虑各向异性及趋势效应,制作研究区土壤微量元素含量的等值线图,分析结果表明其具有明显的空间分布规律。利用地统计学方法,对认识本区土壤微量元素的空间变异结构,流域农业生产合理布局、土壤资源综合治理都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
20.
采用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱分析（EDXRF）对新疆乌苏天山泥火山土壤样品的元素含量进行了测定。采用单指标评价指数法和内梅罗综合指数法,对新疆天山乌苏段火山泥中的重金属的种类和含量进行了研究,结果显示：Cd、As、Cu元素的含量达到土壤环境质量评价的二级标准,Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn、Ni元素的含量达到土壤环境质量评价的一级标准,乌苏天山火山泥综合评价达到二级标准。将火山泥的元素含量与新疆地区不同土质的土壤元素含量进行比较,与干旱区不同省份的土壤元素含量进行比较,分析了火山泥元素组成及含量的成因。 相似文献