共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
K. Thuro 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1997,86(2):426-438
Usually the main subject in preliminary site investigations prior to tunnelling projects is the prediction of tunnel stability.
During the past years in conventional drill and blast tunnelling, problems have occurred also connected to the accurate prediction
of drillability in hard rock. The drillability is not only decisive for the wear of tools and equipment but is – along with
the drilling velocity – a standard factor for the progress of excavation works. The estimation of drillability in predicted
rock conditions might bear an extensive risk of costs. Therefore, an improved prediction of drilling velocity and bit wear
would be desireable. The drillability of a rock mass is determined by various geological and mechanical parameters. In this
report some major correlations of specific rock properties and especially geological factors with measured bit wear and drilling
velocity are shown.
Drilling velocity is dependent on a lot of geological parameters: Those principal parameters include jointing of rock mass,
orientation of schistosity (rock anisotropy), degree of interlocking of microstructures, porosity and quality of cementation
of clastic rock, degree of hydrothermal decomposition and weathering of a rock mass. Drilling bit wear increases with the
equivalent quartz content. The equivalent quartz content builds the main property for the content of wear-relevant minerals.
For various groups of rock types different connections with the equivalent quartz content could be detected. In sandstone
bit wear is also dependent on porosity or the quality of the cementation. Finally, an investigation program is submitted,
which helps to improve the estimation of rock drillability in planning future tunnel projects.
Received: 14 June 1996/Accepted: 10 January 1997 相似文献
2.
岩石的研磨性是钻井过程中钻头的磨损预测及优化的重要因素。为了预测钻遇地层岩石的研磨性,建立了钻井过程中PDC复合片的磨损计算模型,从而得到了岩石研磨性的预测方法。首先,通过复合片与地层之间的受力分析并结合岩石的破碎条件,建立了不同钻压条件下地层对复合片的作用力计算模型。根据石英含量的概率密度分布情况,获得了岩石中参与磨损的颗粒与复合片底部的真实作用力。然后,根据PDC复合片磨损的几何原理,建立了地层对钻头复合片的磨损计算模型。通过室内实验对模型进行修正,分析了岩石各种属性对复合片磨损的影响规律,揭示了各参数影响复合片磨损的主次顺序依次为：弹性模量>石英含量>内摩擦角>表面粗糙度>泊松比>内聚力。基于该磨损模型建立了岩石研磨性评价指标,对制定了岩石研磨性的分级标准具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
Abrasivity Assessment of Granitic Building Stones in Relation to Diamond Tool Wear Rate Using Mineralogy-Based Rock Hardness Indexes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nurdan Güneş Yılmaz 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(6):725-733
The objective of the present study was to determine the abrasive wear potential of granites in circular sawing using some
mineralogy-based rock hardness indexes. A literature study indicated that little or no attention has been given to assessing
this kind of relationship in the field of stone processing. To accomplish this objective, sawing experiments were performed
on nine different granites used widely as building and decorative stone materials. The measured sawblade-specific wear rates
were correlated with three different rock hardness indexes attained by combining the percentage content of hard mineral constituents
with their known hardness values. Statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed that rock hardness indexes that are
based on both Vickers hardness number and Rosiwal hardness could be accepted as reliable indicators of granite abrasivity.
These two indexes were also found to correlate well with the average power drawn during the process. However, the rock abrasivity
index based on Mohs relative scratch hardness did not show statistically significant correlations with sawblade wear rate
and power drawn. Although quartz percentage content is regarded as an important abrasivity parameter by practitioners, the
observations made here indicate that consideration of quartz percentage content alone is not sufficient to describe the abrasive
potential of granites, and thus incorporation of other hard mineral constituents could be more suitable. 相似文献
4.
微波在高纯石英提纯实验中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着水晶资源的日益枯竭,利用脉石英制备高纯石英以代替水晶已经成为一项需要迫切解决的技术问题。高纯石英中,铁杂质是最主要同时也是对产品质量影响最大的有害杂质之一,如何有效地除去脉石英中的铁杂质一直就是高纯石英生产中的难点和重点。当前主要是用酸浸的方法降低铁杂质的含量,主要存在的问题是处理时间较长,同时铁杂质含量也不容易降得更低。通过对微波在高纯石英提纯实验中应用的研究,表明微波可以有效地“打开”石英矿物中含铁的包裹体,不仅能促进含铁杂质矿物的酸浸去除,还可以极大地加快酸浸的速度,促进高纯石英的生产,同时为微波技术在高纯石英生产中的应用奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
5.
石英与金矿床关系十分密切,石英中含有众多的信息.通过对它的研究,可提取出许多找金矿的信息或标志.石英热发光曲线反映金的矿化强度,矿体中的石英热发光曲线呈双蜂或多峰;而矿化带中则呈包含多种隐伏峰的单蜂曲线.与成矿有关的石英红外吸光度D_2、D_2/D_1可定性地评价其含金性.含金石英中的Al_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O、H_3O~(+)的含量随着矿体埋藏深度的增大而增加,可用其判别矿体的埋藏深度. 相似文献
6.
Xuanwei and Fuyuan, located in southwest China, are two counties with extremely high lung cancer incidence. Pollution, relative to coal combustion, especially serious air pollution generated by burning smoky coals in unvented households was the most predominant cause. Quartz as a possible inorganic carcinogen in all typical coals (18 sites in Xuanwei and 14 sites in Fuyuan) were sampled and examined to determine the relationships between quartz content and lung cancer incidence. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray apparatus and X-ray diffractometer were employed for quartz analysis. It showed that it coincided with studies reported before in Xuanwei. Coal samples from high cancer incidence areas were all examined with high content of quartz, while coal samples from low cancer incidence areas with no content of quartz. However, data in Fuyuan received reverse results; many samples from low lung cancer incidence areas were found with quartz, but some samples from high lung cancer incidence areas were not found at the same detection limits. It indicated that quartz content in local coals has no significant relationship to lung cancer. This study added basic data and should be helpful to the future study on the etiology of lung cancer. 相似文献
7.
Dr. S. S. Augustithis 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1962,8(6):491-498
True graphic quartz structures in pegmatites from Carrara/Giggiga and Harrar (town) districts of Ethiopia, are compared with the micrographic quartz textures in the Rapakiwi granite of Finland. Graphic-like textures of uraninite in microcline are also discussed and compared with these graphic structures.A quartz vein, about 1–2 meters in thickness, intersects a pegmatite in the Carrara/Giggiga district. This quartz vein extends into the microcline of the pegmatite as fine quartz veins which attain the form and character of graphic quartz. Also the graphic quartz of the Harrar pegmatites is observed to extend into and occupy cracks in the microcline.Comparable in origin to these graphic textures is the micrographic quartz in the Rapakiwi granite. Observations show micrographic quartz following the cleavage directions in the orthoclase as well as the interzonal spaces and the boundaries of inclusions in the K-feldspar.On the basis of the observed structures and textures these graphic and micrographic intergrowths are considered to be due to solutions penetrating or infiltrating into existing structures and not due to simultaneous crystallisation as conditions of eutectic crystallisation would require.In addition to the well known graphic structures there occur graphic or myrmekitic-like intergrowths of uraninite in microcline which, from a structural and physico-chemical point of view, cannot be considered to be due to eutectic crystallisation. 相似文献
8.
渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组泥页岩的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,其次为长石,此外还含有少量黄铁矿、硬石膏等含硫矿物,以及极少量的碳酸盐矿物。沉积学及矿物学研究表明,五峰-龙马溪组的沉积环境以浅海陆棚为主,而浅海陆棚属还原环境,有利于有机质富集和保存,可以更好地形成页岩气;页岩含石英量较多并且脆性指数较高,因此有利于形成裂缝以利于渗流。与相邻的涪陵地区相对比,两者可比性较高,并且渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩的石英等脆性矿物含量大于涪陵地区,而黏土矿物含量、碳酸盐矿物含量远小于涪陵地区;渝东北田坝地区黏土矿物组合反映,五峰-龙马溪组已进入了晚期成岩作用阶段,该阶段所对应的有机质成熟度为高成熟-过成熟,表明其成熟度条件有利于形成页岩气藏;进一步研究还发现,五峰组及龙马溪组页岩具有较高的孔隙度和渗透性,能为页岩气储存提供较好的储集空间。 相似文献
9.
西华山钨矿床晶洞中水晶与黑钨矿流体包裹体显微测温与特征元素测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：西华山钨矿床晶洞中水晶与黑钨矿以及晶洞外部块状石英与共生黑钨矿中流体包裹体对比研究结果表明,后期应力作用和流体改造是造成共生石英与黑钨矿包裹体均一温度出现重大差异的主要原因。一般来说,在后期应力作用和流体改造下,黑钨矿有较好的稳定性,能较好地保存原生包裹体和较少出现次生包裹体,而与之共生石英中的原生包裹体几乎破坏殆尽,现在所看到的包裹体绝大部分是后来形成的次生包裹体,且很难确切区别原生与次生关系。当后期应力作用和流体改造很微弱时,石英中可保存较多原生包裹体,并且原生与次生关系较易区分。当完全未受应力作用改造时,共生石英(水晶)与黑钨矿中都只有原生包裹体,其Th值和盐度值基本相同或完全一致,且石英(水晶)流体包裹中富含W、Mn、Fe等成矿元素,表明石英与黑钨矿是由同一流体在相同时间和相同条件下沉淀的。鉴于一般金属矿床皆在一定程度上经受了后期应力作用和流体改造,因此在有关流体包裹体研究中应该结合不透明矿物进行全面对比,并且切实加强岩相学研究。 相似文献
10.
Granulite facies quartzites from the Ihouhaouene region, in the northern part of In Ouzzal, contain the assemblage corundum+quartz+magnetite together with hercynitic spinel+quartz+magnetite, sillimanite+quartz+magnetite and almandine-rich garnet+quartz+magnetite. Two types of corundum have been recognized: the first is primary and is found with quartz and magnetite only; the second type is found together with magnetite and chlorite rimming spinel as a fine-grained corona. The textures show that spinel-rich magnetite probably exsolved primary corundum, sillimanite, spinel and garnet during the cooling history. The secondary corundum formed later from the spinel already exsolved from magnetite. The secondary corundum is certainly metastable with respect to quartz. This may also apply for the primary corundum. However, given the high-temperature setting of this rock, it cannot be excluded that the stable contacts observed between primary corundum and quartz indicate equilibrium between the two phases. Taking into account the uncertainties in the thermodynamic data, the stability of this assemblage would imply that this part of In Ouzzal has recorded very high P–T conditions, above 1100°C at 12 kbar. 相似文献
11.
根据全岩Rb-Sr、锆石U-Pb和角闪石、黑云母、钾长石K-Ar同位素年龄综合测定结果,再造了安庐石英正长岩带中大龙山岩体的冷却史。矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果证实,扩散作用是控制同位素体系封闭的主导因素。假定岩体冷却与地温梯度(100℃/Ma)同步降低,以二维热模式为参照,可以推算出大龙山岩体的原始侵位深度约为8km,成岩温度为800±50℃。早阶段石英正长岩体在136Ma侵位结晶后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为27.4℃/Ma,上升速率为0.27mm/a;经过约18Ma后,岩体上升至地下约3km深处,温度为300±50℃,转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为6.3℃/Ma,上升速率为0.06mm/a.晚阶段碱长花岗岩体于117Ma侵位结晶,嗣后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为58.6℃/Ma,上升速率为0.59mm/a;经过约8Ma后,岩体转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为7.2℃/Ma,上升速率为0.07mm/a.结合对国内外其它深成岩体冷却历史的研究,可见这类岩体的侵位上升一般经历了两个阶段:(1)早期高温岩体快速上升至定位,冷却速率显着大于区域地温梯度降低幅度;(2)晚期低温岩体与区域地质体一起缓慢隆起上升,冷却速率与区域地温梯度降低幅度一致。对形成于大龙山岩体接触带的热液铀矿床进行了沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素年龄测定,得到的矿化时间与黑云母K-Ar体系的封闭时间相近。气液包裹体测温结果指示,矿化温度与黑云母的Ar封闭温度相一致;脉石矿物氧同位素组成研究得到,成矿流体为岩浆期后热液。因此,该热液铀矿床的形成与岩浆结晶分异及嗣后的岩体缓慢冷却密切相关。 相似文献
12.
Wear Performance of Saw Blades in Processing of Granitic Rocks and Development of Models for Wear Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the wear performance of diamond circular saw blades in cutting of granitic rocks. An alternative wear measuring method is developed to measure the reduced blade radius without taking the blade off the machine. The effect on and contribution to the specific wear rate (SWR) of each operating variable are determined, and the SWR is correlated with rock properties. Morphologies of wearing surfaces of segments and rocks are also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on both operating variables and rock properties, prediction models are developed for estimation of the SWR. Results show that the SWR increases with an increase in the peripheral speed and the traverse speed, while it decreases with an increase in the cutting depth and the flow rate of the cooling fluid. The peripheral speed, and the microhardness and proportions of minerals such as quartz, plagioclase, and feldspar are statistically determined as the significant variables affecting the SWR. Finally, it is disclosed that models developed for estimation of SWR have great potential for practical applications. 相似文献
13.
作为战略性矿产资源之一,高纯石英已广泛应用于集成电路、半导体芯片、太阳能等高新技术产业中,但是能够生产高纯石英的原料矿床极为稀缺,我国尤为紧缺高纯石英原料矿。鄂东南地区是湖北省脉石英矿床的主要分布区。本文针对鄂东南付家山脉石英矿床,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察了脉石英的脉石矿物类型和包裹体特征,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对原矿进行了微量元素分析,旨在获得付家山脉石英矿床的杂质元素特征,进而评价矿床用作高纯石英原料的潜力。结果表明,付家山脉石英矿石SiO2含量大于99.95%,杂质元素主要为Al、K、Fe、Ti、Ca等,脉石矿物主要有白云母、钾长石、铁氧化物等,流体包裹体较为发育。杂质元素分析结果表明,付家山脉石英原矿质量达到低端高纯石英标准,经传统工艺提纯后,可能具有生产中高端高纯石英的潜力。 相似文献
14.
Aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers in vein quartz and rock crystals from the Subpolar Urals
The major economic types of vein quartz and rock crystals from the Subpolar Urals were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance. Quartz is characterized by widely variable concentrations of aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers. The average values and ranges of these concentrations increase from older to younger generations of quartz. The lowest content of aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers is typical of granulated and primary fine-grained quartz; in coarse-grained quartz and rock crystals, the content is much higher. According to the data obtained, granulated and primary fine-grained quartz should be regarded as a potentially high-quality raw material for glass melting, because these quartz varieties are distinguished by the lowest contents of alien structural centers. Once mineral impurities eliminated, high-quality quartz concentrate can be produced from this quartz. 相似文献
15.
DAVID KRINSLEY 《Sedimentology》1981,28(5):740-740
Janke has corroborated the results of Wellendorf & Krinsley (1980) which indicated that small quartz particles are platy in nature. This is not the first time that fine, platy quartz has been described in the literature; Krinsley & Smalley (1973) believed that quartz particles became increasingly flatter with decreasing size and that a cleavage mechanism could operate below about 100μm. If Janke's work were extended to smaller sizes, perhaps this idea of increasing flatness with decreasing size would be confirmed or denied. 相似文献
16.
17.
中国陆相页岩油富集特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章对页岩油的富集机理、富集过程和富集主控因素等进行了研究。页岩油比页岩气的发育条件苛刻,分布区域比页岩气局限,勘探难度较大。美国目前勘探开发的页岩油赋存于海相页岩,具有分布范围大、成熟度高、石油密度小、含蜡量低和黏度低等特征,为轻质油;我国页岩油主要为陆相页岩,具有分布范围小、成熟度低、石油密度大、含蜡量高和黏度高等特征,为稠油。美国产油页岩的矿物组成的石英和碳酸盐多为生物来源,石英含量、碳酸盐含量与有机碳含量有很好的正相关关系,与页岩油的含量也是正相关关系,且有利于后期压裂改造;我国陆相含油页岩的石英多为碎屑来源,碳酸盐多为化学沉积,石英含量、碳酸盐含量与有机碳呈负相关关系,与页岩油的含量也是负相关关系,且不有利于后期压裂改造。海陆相页岩油特征的差异可能是导致我国页岩油产量较低的原因,制约了页岩油的勘探开发。我国陆相断陷盆地页岩油勘探应寻找页岩有机质成熟度相对较高的深凹区和砂岩夹层发育的斜坡区,深凹区具有“油稀、高压和可改造”等特点,斜坡区具有“夹层发育、可改造”等特点。 相似文献
18.
高速远程滑坡物理模型试验中,岩石相似材料的选择是模型试验成功的关键,然而目前滑坡相似材料强度高、难以在缩尺试验中模拟滑坡破碎过程。以重晶石、石英砂为骨料,石膏为胶结剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、甘油、水作为辅助材料,进行可破碎岩石相似材料的配比试验。采用控制变量法研究重晶石与石英砂比例（重石比）、骨料与胶结物比例（骨胶比）、羧甲基纤维素钠含量、拌合水量、甘油含量对相似材料物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:所有配比情况下各相似材料物理力学参数的范围分别为单轴抗压强度为0.12～1.47 MPa,弹性模量为25.51～148.12 MPa,黏聚力为1.63～87.39 kPa,内摩擦角为22.70°～35.89°,脆性指标主要分布在0.033～0.145之间;重石比主要控制岩石相似材料的内摩擦角;骨胶比减小,对应的黏聚力和内摩擦角先增大后减小;羧甲基纤维素钠对材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、黏聚力等材料的力学特性以及材料的脆性指标影响均比较大,其中对单轴抗压强度的影响最大。因此,控制羧甲基纤维素钠和拌合水量的含量,并合理调节重石比与骨胶比,在相似比约为1∶600的试验尺度下,最终确定了适用于高速远程滑坡碎屑化过程模拟的低强度高脆性岩石相似材料的配比区间。 相似文献
19.
石英是热液矿床重要的找矿标志,也是影响页岩气储层可压裂性评价的关键性因素,目前主要利用X射线衍射方法和扫描电镜矿物定量分析方法进行实验室内石英定量分析。为满足野外钻井现场进行快速、大批量矿物定量分析的需求,本文以羌塘盆地泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、灰岩和白云岩等沉积岩样品为研究对象,应用热红外反射光谱技术和综合自动矿物岩石学(QEMSCAN)矿物定量分析技术,开展了石英热红外反射光谱含量评价研究。结果表明:石英在8625nm、12640nm和14450nm三个特征中心波长位置的相对深度(D_(8625)、D_(12640)、D_(14450))可以用来区分陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,当D_(8625)0.14或D_(12640)0.02或D_(14450)0.02时,样品岩性主要为陆源碎屑岩,否则主要为碳酸盐岩。此外,D_(8625)、D_(12640)、D_(14450)三个石英光谱特征参数均与石英含量具有高度的相关性,均可以利用最小二乘法构建石英含量评价模型。以拟合优度(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)两个指标评价三个模型的精度,其中根据D_(8625)参数建立的石英含量估算模型的拟合优度最大(R~2=0.9237),且均方根误差最小(RMSE=8.51),基于此认为D_(8625)石英光谱参数可以作为评价石英含量的最优光谱指标。本文基于热红外反射光谱技术建立的该种野外快速估算钻井中石英含量的方法,为热液矿床找矿勘查和页岩气勘探开发提供了借鉴和参考。 相似文献
20.
五颜六色的黄龙玉及致色机理 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黄龙玉是微晶质石英集合体。扫描电镜对黄龙玉石英晶间黏土矿物形成分析和能谱组分分析,表明石英晶间主要是胶状褐铁矿和泥质伊利石,黄龙玉石英微晶间充填物的种类、含量决定黄龙玉颜色。褐色胶状褐铁矿使玉石多呈红色调,黄色胶状褐铁矿物与伊利石混合物使黄龙玉呈浅橙色或黄色,黑色泥质伊利石黏土矿物使玉石带青、灰、黑等色调。黄龙玉中常见的"金砂"是玉石中含有自形黄铁矿而成,如果黄铁矿细小并沿层理分布,也会使黄龙玉呈现黑色。沿黄龙玉裂缝面树枝状分布的氧化锰构成了黄龙玉中的"水草"。充填物的含量一方面决定黄龙玉色的深浅,另一方面还影响着黄龙玉的透明度。充填物含量高,黄龙玉色深,透明度差;充填物含量低,黄龙玉色浅,透明度好;不含充填物就形成了透明的白色黄龙玉。 相似文献