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镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石波速实验测量在高压700-800MPa、高温800-1100℃下进行．波速-温度曲线的斜率以温度系数dVp／dT表示，大体在700℃以内，8个标本的温度系数平均为-1．86×10-4km·S-1／℃，比资料值小得多，即在此温度范围内，波速随温度的降幅不大．在这一温度限以上，大多岩石开始脱水出溶，相组合发生变化，同时波速大幅度下降．曲线发生转折的机制是岩石中液相的产生．角闪岩波速曲线斜率也从700℃开始发生改变，950℃后速度直线下降，到1008℃时，岩石中液量达30％，波速Vp值下降到487km／s．最后，依岩类不同以及岩石出溶和相变对波速的影响划分出5个速度-温度区，讨论了华北断块内构造隆起区和沉降区下地壳可能存在的岩石及其状态． 相似文献
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山西裂谷带地壳岩石波速的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
通过实验建立了岩石成分与波速的关系,波速和岩石的各向异性,矿物相变在波速曲线中的反映以及实验温度和压力对波速的影响,尤其得到了高温下的新资料.用实验数据结合地球物理、地质资料建立了山西裂谷带与相邻太行山隆起区地壳各层圈的物质组成,对比说明,两构造单元下地壳的岩石组成是不同的.最后分析了盆地下地壳中部的组成、水和环境条件,认为低速带是由岩石部分熔融造成的. 相似文献
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铜陵矿集区侵入岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其深部动力学背景 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
选取铜陵矿集区5个典型的中生代侵入岩体——沙滩脚石英二长斑岩、冬瓜山辉石二长岩、新桥二长岩、凤凰山花岗闪长岩、小铜官山石英二长闪长岩,进行了系统的SHRIMP锆石U—Pb定年,给出了（151．8±2．6）～（142．8±1．8）Ma的年龄值,对该区侵入岩的形成时代提供了精确约束,表明晚侏罗世末是该区岩浆活动的高峰期．岩浆侵入的总体顺序为石英二长（斑）岩→二长岩→花岗闪长岩→石英二长闪长岩→辉石二长闪长岩→辉长辉绿岩．不同岩性的侵入岩具不同的结晶年龄可能说明了铜陵地区侵入岩经历了深部岩浆的演化过程．这种岩浆的演化过程和该区当时深部地球动力学背景有密切的关系．提出了研究区深部构造和岩浆演化的动力学模型：T3末期,扬子与华北块体完成拼合,铜陵地区进入新的挤压造山运动期,即进入了太平洋动力学体系．J2-J3期间,随着Izanagi板块向欧亚板块之下俯冲,该区受到的北西向挤压作用,形成北东向褶皱,并导致地壳增厚．在地壳下部形成高密度的榴辉岩相岩石,造成深部岩石圈地幔及下地壳拆沉,诱使热的软流圈物质上涌,减压熔融产生的玄武质岩浆发生底侵作用,并引起下地壳受热熔融产生花岗质岩浆．这些岩浆经过不同的作用过程最终沿深大断裂上侵（J3-K1）．测年结果表明该区岩石圈地幔和下地壳的拆沉作用至少在晚侏罗世中晚期就已经开始,并造成岩石圈的急剧减薄,中上地壳发生强烈的伸展作用,形成盖层间、基底与盖层问、中下地壳等大量的滑脱构造,构成了岩石圈构造分层或拆离作用．老的岩浆成因继承核（747～823Ma范围内的3个一致年龄）的存在支持铜陵地区在新元古代存在明显的岩浆作用,同时说明中生代侵入岩的形成有较多的新元古代火成岩源岩的参与． 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(4)
作为TTG质岩石的一个重要组成部分,一般认为奥长花岗质岩石是基性岩部分熔融的产物,但在很多TTG片麻岩地体中,如在冀东麻粒岩相区的奥长花岗岩呈较小的岩脉、侵入体,或者呈英云闪长质片麻岩中的浅色体产出,显示近原地熔融成因.本文以冀东地区英云闪长质片麻岩样品J13为基础,并结合锆石定年研究,探讨该区奥长花岗质岩石的成因,模拟在不同压力(0.7、1.0和2.0GPa)下发生的变质熔融反应以及熔体的常量、微量元素成分特征.结果表明,英云闪长质片麻岩在石榴二辉麻粒岩相条件下,如0.9~1.1GPa/800~850℃,发生角闪石脱水熔融,熔融程度为5~10wt.%,残余物中石榴石含量为5~10wt.%时,产生的熔体的成分与冀东奥长花岗质岩石有很大的相似性,如La/Yb值高,Yb含量低等,但模拟熔体的常量元素成分相对高K2O、低CaO、Mg~#偏低,表明冀东奥长花岗岩脉体和浅色体可能包含了部分残余矿物并受到结晶分异的影响.锆石定年结果表明,研究区英云闪长质片麻岩原岩结晶年龄为(2518±12)Ma,变质年龄为(2505±19)Ma,奥长花岗质岩脉的结晶年龄为(2506±6)Ma,二者之间存在密切成因联系. 相似文献
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沿塔里木盆地中部的库车—塔中—塔南测线,首次进行了地震转换波测深。探测结果表明,本区岩石圈具有明显的层状－块体结构,地壳厚度４０～５０ｋｍ,隆起区约为４０ｋｍ,凹陷区约为５０ｋｍ。上地壳的厚度在盆地中部明显减薄,中地壳波速相对偏高（ＶＰ＝６．４～６．５ｋｍ／ｓ）,下地壳上部普遍存在低速薄层,结晶地壳的速度高于周围青藏高原和天山地区的波速,波速结构表明地壳具有陆壳性质,地壳内存在具有逆冲性质的深部断裂。综合解释认为,自新生代以来,在印度－欧亚板块边界的强大挤压力作用下,岩石圈内包括结晶基底面和莫霍面在内的各深部界面（岩层）的准同步挠曲变形和地壳刚性块体沿深部逆冲断裂的调整运动,是塔里木盆地岩石圈中主要的深部动力学过程 相似文献
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北秦岭造山带加里东期低Al-TTD系列: 岩石特征、成因模拟及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北秦岭存在一套低Al的奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-闪长岩系列岩石, 其形成时代在430~399 Ma之间, 并具有正εNd(t)特征. 地球化学特征和微量元素模拟计算表明, 它们由二郎坪群中的变拉斑玄武质岩石重熔而来, 不同残留相和熔融程度形成了不同岩石类型. 重熔过程残留相的热力学分析显示, 该岩石系列代表温度升高、压力降低的过程, 表明存在加厚地壳的拉张减薄作用. 相似文献
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华北埃达克质花岗岩和火山岩与岩石圈减薄时空一致性使得它们成为窥视克拉通破坏过程和机制的一个重要窗口.本文通过实验岩石学资料限定华北埃达克质岩石的主要源区岩石为中钾和高钾基性变质岩,并通过基性变质岩体系相平衡、长英质熔体TiO2溶解度、埃达克质岩石Nb/La随La/Yb变化规律等研究论证大别、胶东和克拉通北缘许多埃达克质岩石的源区存在残留金红石,岩浆形成深度超过50km,从而揭示华北克拉通破坏涉及超过15km的地壳厚度减薄或下地壳拆沉. 相似文献
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本文研究了在不同的应力途径下岩石破坏的条件和破裂的前兆.选定了三种应力途径进行研究:在一定应力状态下增加最大主应力σ1, 保持σ2, σ3不变, 使岩石破坏（A 型）;减小最小主应力使岩石破坏（B 型）;增加最小主应力岩石不破坏（C 型）.通过实验得到了济南辉长岩和昌平花岗岩 A 型途径和 B 型途径破裂强度的比较.对三种途径岩石的体应变、声发射和波速Vp, 进行了对比研究.A 型途径的破裂前兆表现与许多作者的结果相符合.B 型途径岩石断裂前处于"过密"状态, 与此相联系的声发射增加和波速Vp下降出现得很晚.C 型途径岩石处于超膨胀状态, 出现了声发射增加和波速Vp下降而岩石并未破坏的现象. 相似文献
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Great strides have been made in understanding the upper part of the crust by in-situ logging in, and laboratory experiments on core recovered from super-deep bore-holes such as the KTB. These boreholes do not extend into the lower crust, and can contribute little to the elucidation of mechanisms that produce the high electrical conductivities that are commonly observed therein by magneto-telluric (MT) methods. Laboratory studies at simulated lower crustal conditions of temperature, pressure and saturation, on electrolyte saturated rocks thought to have been derived from the lower crust, have not been possible up until now due to their experimental difficulty. It is necessary to subject electrolyte-saturated rock samples to independently controlled confining and pore-fluid pressure, which implies that the rock be sleeved in some impermeable but deformable material, that can withstand the very high temperatures required. Metals are the only materials capable of being used, but these cause great difficulties for cell sealing and conductivity measurement. In this paper we describe recent breakthroughs in experimental work, specifically the development of two new types of sophisticated metal/ceramic seal, and a conductivity measurement technique that enables the measurement of saturated rock conductivity in the presence of a highly conducting metallic sleeve. The advances in experimental technique have enabled us to obtain data on the electrical conductivity of brine saturated basic, acidic and graphite-bearing rocks at lower crustal temperatures and raised pressures. These data have facilitated the comparison of MT derived crustal electrical conductivity profiles with profiles obtained from laboratory experiments for the first time. Initial modelling shows a good agreement between laboratory derived and MT derived profiles only if the mid-crust is composed of amphibolite pervaded by aqueous fluids, and the lower crust is composed of granulite that is saturated with aqueous fluids and/or contains interconnected grain surface films of graphite. The experimental data are consistent with a three layer crust consisting of an aqueous fluid saturated acidic uppermost layer, above an aqueous fluid saturated amphibolite mid-crust, and a granulite lowermost crust, which may or may not be saturated with aqueous fluids, but if not, requires the presence of an additional conduction mechanism such as conduction through thin graphite films. 相似文献
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Yousheng Xu Hongsen Xie Jie Guo Haifei Zheng Yueming Zhang Maoshuang Song 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):398-402
NaCI-H2O is the most fundamental ternary system in geology. Until now, the measurements of electrical conductivity of NaCl solutions
are still little at high pressures (> O.5 GPa) We measured the conductivity of 0.01 m NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25-500°C.
The results are consistent with that of Quist and Marshall (1968) at 0.4 GPa. The conductivity of NaCl solution increases
with increasing temperature. The results also show that the conductivity of NaCl solution changes little with increasing pressure
below 1.5 GPa and changes rapidly with increasing pressure above 1.5 GPa. The rapid increase of the conductivity of NaCl solution
may play an important role in many geological processes (such as the genesis of ore deposits under hydrothermal condition)
and other fields.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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大陆岩石圈流变研究进展与高温高压流变实验现状 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
大陆岩石圈类似于“三明治”的多层流变结构已经被广泛接受,并用于大陆动力学研究的各方面．然而近年来地震资料和高温高压流变实验结果表明,大陆岩石圈流变可能不是单一模式,流变结构具有多样性,而下地壳流变特性是其中最复杂的层次,这不仅受下地壳成分和结构本身的非均匀控制,而且与其含水程度相关．高温高压流变实验已经积累了大量的数据,但基性岩流变实验目前仍然处于数据积累阶段,缺乏系统性,特别是缺少含水基性岩的流变实验结果,因此,加强干的和含水的基性岩流变实验研究是深入认识下地壳岩石流变必不可少的手段和方法之一． 相似文献
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The experimental studies on electrical con-ductivities and P-wave velocities of anortho-site at high pressure and high temperature 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction The measurements of the compressional wave velocity and electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks are of fundamental importance to look into the earths interior, including composition, geotherm, generation and distribution of fluids and melts. Hydrous minerals formed by metamatu-siom are abundant within the earth. Previous studies have been carried out on the dehydration effect on the electrical conductivity and wave velocity of rocks such as serpentine, amphibole, most of whi… 相似文献
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在1.0 Pa、室温到880℃分别采用超声波透射法和阻抗谱法测量了斜长岩的纵波速度和电导率，并对实验产物进行了鉴定分析．结果表明，在680℃，由于斜长岩中的含水矿物绢云母和黝帘石发生脱水反应，岩石的纵波速度开始大幅度下降．在410℃～750℃、12～105 Hz的频率范围内，斜长岩只出现颗粒内部传导．由于脱水产生的自由水主要分布于矿物的三联点或颗粒拐角处，没有形成连通的高导性网络，因此，脱水作用不会导致斜长岩电导率显著增加，也不会改变其电传导机制．地球内部低速层和高导层的形成与演化可能具有非同步性，通过含水矿物脱水可以形成地球内部的低速层，但不一定同时形成高导层． 相似文献
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高温高压下地幔矿物岩石电导率影响因素研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验室高温高压条件下获得的地幔矿物岩石电导率值可以帮助获得地球内部物质组成、物质运动变化状态和解释地球物理探测资料.研究表明,电导率测量影响因素(外部因素和内部因素)控制不当将使得测量的电导率值产生较大差异.本文综述了近20年来这些影响因素对地幔矿物岩石电导率的影响程度及进展情况,电导率随着温度,铁含量和水含量的增加而增加;不含水条件下,电导率随着氧逸度和压力的增加分别增加和减小,含水条件下则恰恰相反;忽略颗粒边界的影响;测量频率和结晶方向对电导率的影响尚存在一定争议;进行电导率测量时有必要考虑系统平衡时间和样品中铁含量的流失.最后探讨了高温高压条件下电导率实验研究的不足和发展方向. 相似文献
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To measure elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure is an important way to acquire the mechanics and thermodynamics data of rocks in the earth's interior and also a substantial approach to studying the structure and composition of materials there. In recent years, a rapid progress has been made in methodology pertaining to the measurements of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure with solids as the pressure-transfer media. However, no strict comparisons have been made of the elastic wave velocity data of rocks measured at high temperature and high pressure by various laboratories. In order to compare the experimental results from various laboratories, we have conducted a comparative experimental study on three measuring methods and made a strict comparison with the results obtained by using the transmission method with fluid as the pressure-transfer medium. Our experimental results have shown that the measurements obtained by the three methods are comparable in the pressure ranges of their application. The cubic sample pulse transmission method used by Kern is applicable to measuring elastic wave velocities in crustal rocks at lower temperature and lower pressure. The prism sample pulse reflection-transmission method has some advantages in pressure range, heating temperature and measuring precision. Although the measurements obtained under relatively low pressure conditions by the prism sample pulse transmission method are relatively low in precision, the samples are large in length and their assemblage is simple. So this method is suitable to the experiments that require large quantities of samples and higher pressures. Therefore, in practical application the latter two methods are usually recommended because their measurements can be mutually corrected and supplemented. 相似文献
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The studies on the physical properties of minerals and rocks in combination with the work in petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry are not only a useful mean to look into the composition and structure of the earth抯 interior, but also can provide extreme… 相似文献