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1.
从构造和充填序列的角度分析了呼和湖凹陷下白垩统成煤环境,为该凹陷煤炭资源开发提供指导。呼和湖凹陷下白垩统主要经历伸展断陷和裂后热沉降断坳2个构造演化阶段。其中伸展断陷阶段可划分为初始张裂阶段、断裂强烈拉张阶段和断陷快速沉降阶段;裂后热沉降断坳阶段可划分为断坳转换沉降阶段和断坳沉降阶段。根据断陷盆地充填序列组合特征,将呼和湖凹陷下白垩统自下而上确定为底部粗碎屑冲积物段（Fm）、湖相细碎屑沉积段（Lm）、含煤碎屑岩段和湖相段（Cm-Lm）、湖相细碎屑沉积段（Lm）、含煤碎屑岩段和湖相段（Cm-Lm）和含煤碎屑岩段（Cm）类型。将构造演化和填充序列结合起来,探讨了南屯组二段、大磨拐河组二段和伊敏组的成煤环境。南屯组二段沉积时期,煤层主要发育在断陷湖盆沼泽长期稳定发育的滨湖地带和废弃的辫状河三角洲上。大磨拐和组二段沉积时期,凹陷为断坳浅水湖盆,北部聚煤作用主要发育在扇三角洲砂体上,南部聚煤作用主要发育在湖泊沼泽长期发育的滨湖地带。伊敏组沉积时期,凹陷全面淤浅,浅水洼地成为主要的聚煤场所。 相似文献
2.
黄河源地区晚更新世湖泛事件及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过青海玛多湖相地层剖面沉积特征,结合ESR样品年代测试结果,分析认为黄河源地区在13万年左右的晚更新世时期发生过湖泛事件。湖泛时期,玛多"四姐妹湖"相互连通,形成一个面积巨大的湖泊,约是现今"四姐妹湖"总面积的4.1倍。玛多地区此次湖泛事件与深海氧同位素MIS 6（Marine isotope stages 6）向MIS 5（Marine isotope stages 5）转变时期相对应,显示出青藏高原气候变化与全球气候变化密切相关,然而黄河源地区湖相地层对全球气候变化反应更敏感,记录的气候转换时间早于其他地区。玛多剖面湖相地层剖面沉积物的粒度、碳酸盐、磁化率分析表明,在132±10~128±12 ka年间,黄河源地区湖相沉积可分为9个阶段,表明青藏高原在MIS 6向MIS 5转变时期的气候变化是一个波动上升过程。13万年左右,黄河源地区大面积的湖相地层结束沉积,认为由于青藏高原共和运动,下游的多石峡被切开,湖水突然外泄所形成。 相似文献
3.
咸化湖盆存在碎屑岩、化学岩及混积岩共生的沉积现象,但多类型沉积物有序分布的机制尚不明确。本文以渤南洼陷沙四上亚段为例,开展了咸化湖盆多类型沉积物有序分布及控制因素的分析,结果表明：渤南洼陷沙四上亚段低位域沉积期以碎屑岩沉积为主,湖侵域和高位域则出现化学岩与混积岩,由近岸到远岸呈扇体、砂岩滩坝、混积岩滩坝、碳酸盐岩滩坝、盐湖、半深湖及深湖有序分布;化学岩主要受水体环境控制,水体古盐度大于10‰是化学岩形成的基础,盐度和深度共同控制碳酸盐岩、膏岩以及盐岩分布,同时水体深度对不同成因类型的碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩分布也产生影响;碎屑岩主要受物源地貌控制,物源区位置及物源供应强度决定着碎屑岩的沉积位置和规模大小,同时古碳酸盐岩的发育影响着现今碳酸盐岩的发育位置;古地貌位置的高低及坡度的陡缓决定着砂体成因类型,同时古地貌还影响着生物礁生长及碳酸盐沉淀;咸化湖盆多类型沉积物有序分布受古水深、古盐度、古物源、古地貌的共同作用。 相似文献
4.
文章对内蒙古中部辉腾锡勒湖相沉积剖面及好鲁库风成砂-古土壤剖面全新世地层的沉积特征及~(14)C、OSL测年结果进行了综合论述,根据岩性特征及测年结果确定了全新统的底界。对内蒙古中部全新统沉积序列进行了系统分析,并将其划分为3段:全新统下部(开始于12.5~11.4 ka,结束于8.2~7.0 ka)辉腾锡勒为灰黑色黏土、粉砂质黏土,沉积特征指示由冲积相转变为湖相沉积,湖面开始上升;好鲁库沙丘主要为中粗砂,为风成砂堆积。全新统中部(开始于8.2~7.0 ka,结束于4.5~2.3 ka)辉腾锡勒为灰褐色粉砂质黏土,富含有机质及双壳和螺类化石,为典型湖泊相发育阶段;好鲁库沙丘发育黑色砂质古土壤,气候温暖湿润。全新统上部(开始于4.5~2.3 ka)辉腾锡勒为黏土质粉砂,含植物碎屑,为湖滨相沉积,指示湖泊开始退缩;好鲁库沙丘为灰黄色中粗砂,沙丘重新活化,气候干旱。 相似文献
5.
利用野外露头、岩心、测井录井和分析化验资料,对柴达木盆地西部(简称“柴西地区”)新生界干柴沟组湖相碳酸盐岩进行了研究,划分了其沉积微相类型,研究了其分布规律,分析其形成环境和控制因素,并建立了相应沉积模式。该区湖相碳酸盐岩在垂向上与碎屑岩频繁互层,湖相碳酸盐岩包括颗粒灰岩、藻灰岩、泥晶灰岩和混积岩4大类11种,划分出了灰泥坪、颗粒滩、藻丘(礁)、浅湖湾以及(半)深湖泥灰岩相等5种沉积微相。通过分析不同碳酸盐岩及其微相时空展布特征,认为其发育主要受控于湖盆构造运动、湖平面变化、陆源碎屑注入、古气候与古水介质条件、古地貌与古水深环境,并在此基础上建立了柴西湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积模式。研究认为柴达木盆地西部干柴沟组沉积时期,湖盆为典型咸化湖盆,构造活动相对稳定,湖平面上升达到峰值。碳酸盐岩主要发育在湖侵期,高频湖平面变化形成了碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩频繁互层。在枯水期,盆地坡折处发育碎屑岩滩坝或三角洲前缘沉积;在湖侵期,盆地坡折处发育了鲕粒滩及藻灰岩,盆地洼陷区发育泥灰岩或灰质泥岩。 相似文献
6.
The sand-mud sedimentary record develops widely in the shore-shallow lacustrine, which can be a good oil and gas reservoir cap combination. It has important significance in petroleum geology. This paper takes the Kongdian Fm. of Eocene in Jiyang Depression as an example to study the formation mechanism and diagenetic system of the sand-mud sedimentary record in the shore-shallow lacustrine. The study indicated that sandstone-mudstone sedimentary strata at macroscopic level includes sand-mud duality, mudstone vein and sandstone lens in the Kongdian Fm. of Jiyang Depression, and there are some transitional clastic rocks at the microscopic level (Clastic particles, clay and carbonate cements are included in the transitional clastic rocks). The sandstone-mudstone sedimentary strata mainly formed in the material transformation of the shallow-water deltas and conjugate shock in the shore-shallow lacustrine. The thickness is mainly restricted by material source and water dynamic condition, and the sand-mud transitional clastic rocks are restricted by the dynamic mechanism and sedimentary differentiation of the lake water. The sandstone-mudstone sedimentary strata is composed of a closed diagenetic system. Early compaction-drainage and differential compaction, middle and late clay mineral transformation, structural water and organic acid emissions during the diagenetic process of mudstone influence the diagenesis of sandstone. The closed diagenetic system of sand-mud transitional clastic rocks is mainly related to the structural maturity of clastic rocks. 相似文献
7.
准噶尔盆地南缘二叠—三叠纪原型盆地性质与沉积环境演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地南缘(简称"准南")二叠—三叠纪原型盆地性质与沉积环境演化一直以来备受争议。通过准南6个地层小区18条典型剖面野外实测、岩相和沉积环境分析以及区域地层对比,认为准南西部(88°E以西)和准南东部(88°E以东)二叠—三叠纪在岩石组合、地层序列、沉积特征和沉积环境等方面存在差异:准南西部以碎屑岩、火山岩和火山碎屑岩组合为特征;准南东部以碳酸盐岩、火山岩和碎屑岩组合为特征。准南西部早—中二叠世地层普遍缺失或被埋藏,晚二叠世—早三叠世为陆相冲积扇—扇三角洲的粗碎屑岩沉积,中—晚三叠世发育滨浅湖相细碎屑岩。准南东部晚石炭世发育深水浊流,早—中二叠世以滨浅海相细碎屑岩为主,中二叠世后期以芦草沟组潟湖相油页岩和碳酸盐岩发育为特征;晚二叠世,普遍进入河湖相演化阶段,以细至粗碎屑岩为主;中—晚三叠世发生湖泛,主要发育三角洲和滨浅湖相碎屑岩。研究表明,准南及邻区二叠—三叠纪为裂谷盆地,经历了断陷—坳陷沉积演化阶段,准南西部和东部伸展程度的差异性导致沉积特征的不同。 相似文献
8.
西藏阿里札达盆地上新世—早更新世河湖相地层层序地层分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据札达盆地河湖相剖面地层岩性、粒度、沉积构造、古生物等反映的沉积岩相,以及不整合面等沉积特征,可将札达盆地上新世—早更新世河湖相地层,初步划分为两个三级层序(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。层序Ⅰ代表上新统地层层序,并进一步区分出退积准层序组和进积准层序组。对应上新世湖相沉积由低位体系域—湖泊扩张体系域—湖泊收缩体系域的演化,反映湖泊由源区水系冲积亚相—滨湖三角洲亚相—滨浅湖亚相—半深湖亚相—滨浅湖亚相的湖泊,由扩张到萎缩的一个完整的发展演化旋回。层序II代表下更新统地层层序,反映一个盆地受构造和气候(冰期—间冰期)双重控制的夭折型冰湖形成演化的由冰水冲积相到冰湖沉积相的不完整沉积旋回,为青藏高原新近系上新统与第四系的研究与划分提供了重要依据。 相似文献
9.
本文利用目前有关含鲜方解石以及水－碳酸钙系统的研究成果,对水－含磷方解石系统的模型化作了初步的尝试;然后以该系统为核心,拓展出了一个包括气候、水文及不化学等影响因素在内的湖泊综合模型,并运用该湖泊模型定量化地探讨了湖泊中常见的由气候季节性变化所控制的,由交替富含碳酸盐和碎屑物的层系所构成的韵律沉积现象,展示了该类湖粕的水化学演化进程,证明了韵律中的碳酸直轲在每年的夏季形成。 相似文献
10.
A 13.94-m-long sediment core, collected from a medium-sized lake in the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibetan Plateau, China), was analysed palynologically at 81 horizons. The interpretation of indicator taxa yielded various vertical shifts of the vegetation belts. These palaeovegetation results have been checked with lake surface pollen spectra from 8 lakes representing different altitudinal vegetation belts. Our main findings are the following: A short period of the late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (around ∼46,000 yr ago) was characterized by interglacial temperature conditions with a tree line above its present-day altitude. During the LGM, the vicinity of the lake was not covered by ice but by sparse alpine vegetation and alpine deserts, indicating that the climate was colder by ∼4-7°C than today. Markedly higher temperatures were inferred from higher arboreal pollen frequencies between ∼13,000 and ∼7,000 yr ago with a Holocene temperature optimum and a maximal Picea-Betula mixed-forest expansion between ∼9,000 and ∼7000 yr ago, when temperatures exceeded the present-day conditions by at least 1-2°C. Alpine steppes and meadows and sub-alpine shrub vegetation dominated around the lake since the middle Holocene, suggesting that vegetation and climate conditions were exceptionally stable in comparison to previous periods. 相似文献
11.
12.
内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系—二叠系沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步研究额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系沉积地质与盆地原型, 根据研究区的岩性、岩相建造、古生物化石、沉积演化、沉积构造等基本数据,采用野外观察与室内研究相结合的方法,对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系的沉积环境进行了分析。额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系受阿拉善古陆和北西方向海浸的控制,岩性特征受石炭纪—二叠纪构造单元的控制,岩性组合为碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩+火山岩。由南向北碎屑岩粒度变细,南部以滨岸环境的碎屑岩为主,北部以浅海陆棚环境和碳酸盐台地环境为主。额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系沉积环境对优质烃源岩和储集层的发育具有控制作用。 相似文献
13.
内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系——二叠系沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步研究额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系沉积地质与盆地原型,根据研究区的岩性、岩相建造、古生物化石、沉积演化、沉积构造等基本数据,采用野外观察与室内研究相结合的方法,对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系的沉积环境进行了分析。额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系受阿拉善古陆和北西方向海浸的控制,岩性特征受石炭纪—二叠纪构造单元的控制,岩性组合为碎屑岩＋碳酸盐岩＋火山岩。由南向北碎屑岩粒度变细,南部以滨岸环境的碎屑岩为主,北部以浅海陆棚环境和碳酸盐台地环境为主。额济纳旗及其邻区石炭系—二叠系沉积环境对优质烃源岩和储集层的发育具有控制作用。 相似文献
14.
辽西义县盆地内近东西走向的马神庙-刀把地-三百垄-金刚山一带为义县组标准地层剖面出露地,义县组建阶标准地层剖面枣茨山金刚山层为一套古湖盆相沉积组合。野外详细的沉积学和地层学研究将金刚山层自下而上划分为湖缘碎屑浊流相、浅水湖坪相和半深湖相3个沉积亚相。金刚山层下部湖缘碎屑浊流相包括3个粗-细粒序递变沉积韵律。粗粒岩石单元为灰绿色含长石岩屑凝灰质砂砾岩、杂色砾岩、灰白色含砾凝灰岩;细粒岩石单元由灰白色含砾凝灰岩、灰绿色致密凝灰岩、质纯膨润土组成。韵律沉积底部粗粒岩石单元为浊流头部沉积产物,其中常形成弥散式正粒序递变层理,细粒岩石单元为浊流体部、尾部逐渐稀释的沉积结果,其中常发育水平层理。中部浅水湖坪相沉积由5个膨润土化粉砂岩（质纯膨润土或页岩）-泥灰岩（含方解石细脉灰岩）沉积韵律构成。每一湖坪相的碳酸盐岩与下伏火山灰质沉积厚度之比值变化范围为:0.11~0.47,指示湖盆围缘经历了多期次湖坪沉积时间间隔相等的地质规律。金刚山层上部半深湖相沉积为灰白色纸片状页岩-粉砂质页岩组合。金刚山层下部湖缘火山碎屑浊流沉积指示火山喷发物质近源性、火山喷发多期作用的地质演化规律。中部湖坪相的5个膨润土化粉砂岩（质纯膨润土或页岩）-泥灰岩（含方解石细脉灰岩）沉积韵律指示古湖盆水体至少经历了5期变浅过程,在区域性干旱气候影响下,形成湖坪相泥灰岩沉积。湖盆中心相对深水沉积区接受大量细粒悬浮质沉积,形成静水半深湖相沉积。 相似文献
15.
The postglacial history of Lake Manitoba has been deduced from a study of the changes in physical, mineralogical, and chemical variables in sediment cores collected from the lake. Six lithostratigraphic units are recognized in the South Basin of the lake. Weakly developed pedogenic zones, reflecting dry or extremely low water conditions in the basin, separate five of these six units. The initial phase of lacustrine sedimentation in the Lake Manitoba basin began shortly after 12,000 yr B.P. as water was impounded in front of the receding glacier to form Lake Agassiz. By 11,000 yr ago, continued retreat of the ice sheet opened lower outlets to the east and much of Lake Agassiz drained, including the Lake Manitoba basin. Water levels again rose at 9900 yr B.P., but by about 9200 yr B.P. the South Basin was again dry. For the next 4700 yr there was an alternation of wet and dry conditions in the basin in response to the interaction of a warmer and drier climate and differential crustal rebound of the basin. About 4500 yr ago a new phase of Lake Manitoba sedimentation was initiated when the Assiniboine River began to discharge into the South Basin. The Assiniboine River was diverted out of the Lake Manitoba watershed about 2200 yr ago. Erosion and redistribution of the sandy deltaic sediments deposited by the Assiniboine River has created the barrier beach that now separates the extensive marsh to the south of the lake from the main lake. 相似文献
16.
Alluvial fans and shallow carbonate lakes interfered in the Teruel half‐graben during the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Tectonic influence is recorded in alluvial and lacustrine–palustrine successions, with long‐term climate changes being recorded in detail in the isotopic signatures of carbonates. Episodes of tectonic activity induced alluvial fan progradation and lake retraction in the whole basin. Three lacustrine stages have been identified, which support the idea that climate also exerted an important control on sedimentation. The transition between stages 1 and 2 occurred during a tectonically calm episode due to an increase in aridity in the Early Turolian; small fans with source areas next to the lake margin prograded, inducing lake‐shore retraction. The transition from stage 2 to 3 was caused by the superimposition of increasing tectonic activity and aridity effects. Our study demonstrates that discrimination of allogenic factors controlling sedimentation in continental closed basins is possible using sequence stratigraphy in combination with other techniques such as geochemistry of carbonates. 相似文献
17.
Pleistocene, multiple-growth, lacustrine oncoids from the Poacher's Point Formation, Etosha Pan, northern Namibia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Poacher's Point Formation is located within the Etosha Pan, northern Namibia. It contains Pleistocene stromatolites, ooids and silica nodules. The stromatolites were constructed by cyanobacteria in very lowenergy lacustrine conditions. The internal structure of the oncoids is complex and subdivided into shells by unconformities. Each unconformity-bounded shell probably represents stromatolite growth during a distinct lacustrine event. Shallower conditions are represented by colloform growth and deeper water by smooth oncoid mat morphology. The unconformities represent hiatuses of unknown duration. At least six stromatolite growth shells are recognized. Silica concretions which may have developed during shallowing lake stages are also present. The lack of clastic material in the carbonate lithologies suggests that the lake waters may have accumulated from collecting rainwater or have been spring fed. The lowest bed of the succession is a saline clay which represents a seasonally flooded salt pan deposited in an arid to semi-arid climate similar to that of today. The overlying carbonates represent sedimentation during a series of transient lacustrine events, representing intermittent wetter periods. Finally, due to progressive aridity, the lacustrine succession was terminated by calcrete development. 相似文献
18.
C. M. BELL 《Sedimentology》1989,36(4):651-663
The Codocedo Limestone Member is a thin but laterally persistent lacustrine sequence within the red beds of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Quebrada Monardes Formation, in the Atacama region of northern Chile. The thick succession of clastic terrigenous sediments of the Quebrada Monardes Formation was deposited in an arid to semi-arid environment. Sedimentary facies are indicative of deposition of aeolian dunes, alluvial fans and braided streams, playa-lake mudflats, and saline lakes and coastal lagoons. The strata accumulated in a N-S elongated extensional back-arc basin on the landward side of an active volcanic arc. The 3 m thick Codocedo Limestone Member marks striking facies changes within the Quebrada Monardes Formation. It is underlain by a thick sequence of conglomerates and sandstones, deposited on alluvial fans. The limestone itself is characterized by evaporite minerals and laterally continuous laminations, indicative of deposition by vertical accretion in a perennial saline lake. The overlying siltstones and fine sandstones contain geodes and gypsum pseudomorphs and were deposited on playa-lake mudflats. The limestone therefore represents a relatively short period of lacustrine deposition within an essentially terrigenous succession. The lake was possibly formed quite suddenly, for example by damming of the basin by a lava flow. Sedimentation in the perennial lake was predominantly cyclical. Seasonal planktonic algal blooms produced millimetre-scale laminations. Interbedded with these laminites are centimetre-scale beds of evaporitic gypsum, anhydrite and minor halite. The evaporite minerals have been largely replaced by calcite, chalcedony and quartz. The centimetre-scale cycles may have resulted from periodic freshwater input into the lake. After a period of about 3000 yr the lake dried up, to be replaced by extensive playa-lake mudflats. The Codocedo Limestone Member possibly formed a plane of detachment during an early Tertiary phase of E-W directed regional compression. The limestones and evaporites were folded and extensively brecciated. This deformation probably resulted from simple shear along the bedding plane of the relatively weak evaporite minerals prior to their replacement by calcite and quartz. 相似文献
19.
Rapid Holocene climate changes in the North Atlantic: evidence from lake sediments from the Faroe Islands 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
CAMILLA S. ANDRESEN SVANTE BJÖRCK MATS RUNDGREN DANIEL J. CONLEY CATHERINE JESSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2006,35(1):23-34
Holocene records from two lakes on the Faroe Islands were investigated to determine regional climatic variability: the fairly wind-exposed Lake Starvatn on Streymoy and the more sheltered Lake Lykkjuvötn on Sandoy. Sediment cores were analysed for content of biogenic silica, organic carbon and clastic material, and magnetic susceptibility. In addition, a new qualitative proxy for past lake ice cover and wind activity was developed using the flux of clastic grains that are larger than 255 μm. Both long-term and short-term climatic developments were similar between the two lakes, suggesting a response to a regional climate signal. The long-term climate development is characterized by early Holocene rapid warming followed by Holocene climatic optimum conditions ending around 8300 cal. yr BP. A more open landscape as evidenced from increased sand grain influx in the period 8300–7200 cal. yr BP could reflect the aftermath of the 8200 cal. yr BP event, although the event itself is not recognized in either of the two lake records. From around 7200 cal. yr BP the mid-Holocene climate deterioration is observed and from 4200 cal. yr BP the climate deteriorated further with increased amplitude of centennial cooling episodes. 相似文献
20.
对岷江上游叠溪古堰塞湖200余米厚的堰塞湖相沉积物进行了大量采样测试分析.主要对湖相沉积物中的孢粉和沉积年代进行了测试.通过测试获得了古堰塞湖沉积物的沉积时间和气候环境特征.古堰塞湖沉积物底部形成时间约3.0万年, 靠近顶部形成时间约为1.5万年前.孢粉测试结果显示, 古堰塞湖沉积物沉积剖面可划分为9个气候环境段: (1)温凉半湿润的针阔叶混交森林草原气候环境; (2)寒冷干旱的针叶森林草原气候环境; (3)温凉半干旱的针、阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (4)温暖湿润的针、阔叶混交森林草原气候环境; (5)凉半干的针、阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (6)温湿的针叶疏林草原气候环境; (7)温凉半干旱的针阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (8)凉半湿润的森林草原气候环境; (9)冷干的疏林草原气候环境.研究成果揭示了青藏高原东部边缘至四川盆地过渡带3.0~1.5万年间的古气候古环境演化特征, 为区域环境研究提供了宝贵的资料. 相似文献