共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
图像处理技术在隧洞超欠挖评价中的应用是该技术在地质及岩土工程领域的新尝试。通过对野外摄取的隧洞图像进行一系列的处理得到隧洞的基本形状,然后与隧洞的设计形状对比分析,即可得到隧洞在该断面上的超欠挖方量,然后对其他断面采用同样的技术就可评价某一段或整个隧洞的超欠挖数量,这样就从定量的角度解决了以往工程中难以解决的超欠挖评价问题,为工程超欠挖的判断与决策提供合理依据。最后通过一实例对某一隧洞的超欠挖方量进行评价。 相似文献
2.
围岩质量及施工方法是影响隧道超欠挖的本质原因,研究围岩质量与超欠挖的关系,对评价和预测超欠挖、判断隧道结构的稳定性具有重要意义。基于工程实测资料及数值试验,研究了跨度对隧道围岩质量的影响,进而建立了基于多因素评价的围岩质量修正指标。根据隧道开挖断面轮廓具有分形特征的特点,计算了鸳鸯会隧道20个典型断面轮廓分形维数,研究了围岩质量与超欠挖的关系,得出围岩质量多因素修正指标与超挖比及断面轮廓分形维数呈线性关系,随着围岩质量多因素修正指标的提高,超挖比和断面轮廓分形维数将降低,并根据复相关原理,建立了三者间的复相关关系,可为隧道围岩质量的正确评价及超欠挖分析提供有益参考。对比不同围岩分级方法与超欠挖的关系表明,基于多因素评价的BQ法在隧道工程中的适用性更好。 相似文献
3.
Summary Quick, simple, reliable, and inexpensive measurements of overbreak and underbreak are needed for proper evaluation of tunnelling by the drill and blast method. Problems causing rock damage can be identified and remedied while the work is still in progress. The measurements are also useful in identifying causes of overbreak and overbreak, and in helping to settle contractual disputes relating to payment for replacement concrete and secondary blasting of tights (zones of underbreak). A newly developed method to measure underbreak and overbreak is presented here. The light sectioning method (LSM) uses a radial sheet of light to define the tunnel profile. An image of the final tunnel profile is acquired and digitized, using digital image analysis. This profile is superimposed over the design profile, and from this zones of overbreak and underbreak are identified, quantified, and presented graphically. 相似文献
4.
V. M. S. R. Murthy Kaushik Dey 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(3):149-166
Tunnels are required to be constructed for meeting different human needs such as power generation, transportation, underground storage, sewage etc. The predominant method of excavation, world over, is drilling and blasting owing to its capability to meet changing geo-technical conditions. Irrespective of the purpose for which the tunnels are driven, all are plagued by overbreak problems. Tunnels driven for water conveyance in hydroelectric power projects, in particular, need to be excavated with minimum overbreak to minimise cost of permanent concrete lining. Thus, predicting overbreak assumes significant importance to design site-specific blasts for minimizing rock damage. This paper presents a brief review of existing PPV (Peak Particle Velocity) based blast-induced rock damage estimation criteria and attempts to outline the ground vibration threshold levels for overbreak/rock damage in a tunnel driven through compact basalt. Rock damage manifested as overbreak is measured and correlated with the possible threshold levels of PPV. Also, the PPV levels for crack initiation and widening are proposed. The case pertains to a lake tap horizontal tunnel of Koyna Hydro-electric Power Project, India which is a water feeder tunnel for a fully underground hydroelectric power project. The tunnel was driven under a shallow rock cover of average depth ranging from 20 to 25m beneath a fully charged water body. The parting rock is mainly compact basalt. Blasting was carried out in two rounds in a controlled manner, i.e., by limiting the maximum charge per delay based on ground vibration monitoring. Ground vibration generated with free face (in second round) has been modeled and a new ground vibration propagation equation is proposed for tunnel blasting including the effect of an extra free face. The threshold limits of PPV for different degrees of overbreak/rock damage are proposed from extrapolated vibration predictor equation. The actual overbreak in the tunnel, measured using a Planimeter, varied from 2.45 per cent to 17.75 per cent of the finished tunnel area. The predicted overbreak from extrapolated PPV measurements is compared against the measured overbreak to validate the proposed blast-induced rock damage (BIRD) assessment model. The PPV level for overbreak was found to exceed 2050 mm/s in compact basalt. A linear relationship between the overbreak and maximum charge per delay is also established to design a tunnel blast in similar formations. 相似文献
5.
块体理论在高速公路连拱隧道超挖预测中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对金丽温高速公路连拱隧道区的结构面特征进行现场调查,经统计分析得出结构面的特征参数,利用分析出的结构面特征参数值,结合块体理论,对连拱隧道的超挖情况进行预测。首先介绍了块体理论在超挖预测中运用的基本方法,推导了最大块体体积的计算公式,通过编制的计算程序对金丽温高速公路2个连拱隧道的超挖块体大小及位置进行预测。从分析的结果看,超挖问题产生部位主要集中在中导洞与隧道的连接部位,预测的结果与实际情况基本一致。通过预测得出的结果证实了块体理论在高速公路连拱隧道超挖预测中的适用性。 相似文献
6.
小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群部分包括导流洞、明流洞、排沙洞、发电洞、孔板洞、灌溉洞等各种隧洞108条。洞群施工控制网是在小浪底GPS首级控制网的基础上布设的，为便于施工和快速放样，首先建立以每条遂洞轴线为北方向的坐标系，并将隧洞原设计采用的国家大地坐标转换为每条隧洞的施工坐标。在开挖测量中，用全站仪配合CASIO fx-4800机算器，计算超欠挖及隧洞拱顶变形值。为保证隧洞施工与设计一致，在断面测量中还使用了瑞士徕卡公司新生产的AMT3000激光无棱镜断面仪，大幅度提高了工作效率： 相似文献
7.
M. Scaioni L. Barazzetti A. Giussani M. Previtali F. Roncoroni M. I. Alba 《Earth Science Informatics》2014,7(2):83-95
This paper presents two innovative methods for tunnel monitoring that are based on digital photogrammetry. Both have been conceived to speed up operations that are currently accomplished by using engineering geodesy techniques and instruments. On the same time, proposed solutions are cheap and affordable. The first one is aimed at measuring relative deformations of transversal cross-section of tunnels. Some special targets are placed on the tunnel vault and their coordinates are measured by means of a small photogrammetric block made up of four images. A wire is used to setup the scale and to make all measurements comparable overtime. The second method can be applied for the measurement of vertical deformations along the longitudinal profile of tunnels. A new image-based approach called ‘photogrammetric levelling’ is discussed here, which is based on the metric rectification of each single image depicting a couple of special rods to be hung on levelling benchmarks. This technique can be used to replace traditional optical and digital level instruments. Both applications can be carried out by using a calibrated amateur camera. Some experiments in controlled and real environments allowed assessing performances and limitations of these techniques for operational surveys in tunnel monitoring. 相似文献
8.
Summary The newly developed light sectioning method has been used to investigate some of the causes and costs of overbreak and underbreak. Investigations at the Aquamilpa Hydroelectric Project in Mexico have shown decreased overbreak and increased underbreak as a result of increased rock quality and decreased explosive energy. A new measure of explosive energy, the perimeter powder factor (PPF), has been defined and shown to be useful in the context of tunnel-wall rock damage. Tentative results indicate that explosive energy (PPF) may be a more important factor in producing underbreak, whereas rock quality may be a greater factor in producing overbreak. A site-specific equation is given for predicting overbreak or underbreak as a function of rock quality and explosive energy, with an evaluation of the cost of underbreak and overbreak. 相似文献
9.
震波在岩层中传播,当遇到岩层中有断层面时震波会被反射,利用这一原理,采用KDZ1114-3型便携式智能矿井探测仪将反射波接收并进行解析,得到反射界面(断层面)到探测起始位置的距离,进而确定掘进工作面前方什么位置有构造出现。这种技术比较先进,信息处理速度快,结果准确,方便适用。可推广使用。这种方法在探测四台矿8703工作面两巷断层的应用中得到了证实。 相似文献
10.
金丽温高速公路连拱隧道超挖预测及原因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对金丽温高速公路连拱隧道的地质特征进行现场调查,经分析得出隧道区岩体结构面的特征参数,利用分析出的结构面特征参数值,结合隧道超挖预测中的神经网络理论及结构面网络模拟理论,对连拱隧道的超挖情况进行预测。从分析结果看,超挖问题在连拱隧道的施工过程中不可避免,其产生部位主要集中在中导洞与隧道的连接部位,通过预测得出的结果与现场开挖情况进行对比分析说明,隧道的超挖预测理论预测结果与实际有较好的一致性,文中最后针对隧道的特点,分析了产生超挖的基本原因,为确保隧道开挖过程中减少超挖提供依据。 相似文献
11.
节理岩体中地下洞室超挖预测 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文着重于岩体中洞室超挖-不稳定楔形体的预测。首先,论述洞室超挖的基本概念、主要原因及评价方法;其次分析和比较目前现有的针对洞室超挖的计算软件及其特征;然后介绍本文作者的计算软件;最后,简单介绍一个计算实例,即从野外地质调查着手,应用数理统计理论评价构成不稳定楔形体的主要地质参数及其模型,推导岩体中洞室超挖预测的一般公式;最后评价构成不稳定楔形体主要地质参数中的主要因素及次要因素,为节理岩体洞室防止超挖及其处理提供依据。 相似文献
12.
讨论了超挖的定义以及不稳定块体体积与超挖的关系 ,总结了计算块体位置和体积的方法可分为随机、确定性和半概率方法三类 ,为今后超挖方面的研究提出了指导方向。重点分析并给出了被三个节理面切割的岩块以及隐含危险岩块的位置计算的确定性方法 ,提出了岩块体积计算简易的近似算法。超挖计算对洞室安全、高效地现场施工具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
13.
14.
Twin tunnels are frequently used to address the increasing transportation demands in large cities. To ensure the safety of twin tunnels in close proximity, it is often necessary to take protective measures that have not been well studied. Field monitoring was conducted for a project of twin earth pressure balance shield (EPBS) tunnels in typical soft ground. The preceding tunnel was reinforced by various measures, including trailer bracing, compensation grouting, artificial freezing and scaffold bracing. The entire deformation of the reinforced tunnel was recorded during the succeeding tunnelling process. A three dimensional finite-element method (FEM) model was established to simulate the entire process of twin EPBS tunnelling, particularly the reinforcement measures. The computed deformations of the reinforced tunnel were consistent with the measured data. Furthermore, the stress history and pore pressure of the surrounding soil were analysed to investigate the deformation mechanism of the tunnel. Both the measured and computed results indicate that although the face pressure of the succeeding tunnel was smaller than the earth pressure at rest, the preceding tunnel could still experience an inward horizontal convergence and a deflection away from the succeeding tunnel. These distortion modes were caused by the squeezing effect of the horizontal soil arch in front of the succeeding tunnel face. Finally, convergence and deflection indices were proposed to quantify and assess the effectiveness of the reinforcement measures. The trailer bracing, as an “in-tunnel” reinforcement technique, was found to be the most effective method for controlling tunnel convergence. However, artificial freezing as an “out-tunnel” reinforcement technique led to the largest reductions in tunnel deflection. A combination of both “in-tunnel” and “out-tunnel” reinforcements was recommended. 相似文献
15.
自然电位方法可以应用于水文地球物理领域获取土壤水分入渗特征.通过连续监测野外试验场的自然电位场,获取连续的自然电位平面图,直接获知了土壤水分在平面上的主要入渗区域,同时借助自然电位成像方法,揭示了土壤水分的两个主要通道,并探测出两个地下孔洞的位置,最终在地质雷达剖面图的辅助下证实了上述结论,为水文地球物理领域提供了新的技术手段和方法. 相似文献
16.
小净距隧道爆破开挖中夹岩累积损伤计算方法及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获得小净距隧道中夹岩爆破累积损伤规律,建立了爆破荷载作用下中夹岩累积损伤新计算方法,并应用该方法对大坪山隧道中夹岩爆破施工过程中的累积损伤进行预测,同时进行了现场测试验证。结果表明,新计算方法不仅能反映爆破力学作用过程,而且计算参数也易于获取;预测结果与实测平均误差在12%左右,可以用来预测岩石的累积损伤;大坪山隧道中夹岩累积损伤规律为二次爆破后6个测孔波速平均降低率为4.3%;各测孔最大累积损伤增量为6.1%。其结果可为小净距隧道中夹岩稳定性研究提供依据 相似文献
17.
M. Abbaspour Ph.D. M. N. Shojaee 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(1):23-34
A new multipurpose wind tunnel with adjustable test section designed in the science and research branch of Islamic Azad University site could be used either as the environmental, subsonic or climatic wind tunnels. For this purpose, a new design approach was adopted in which through the adjustment of the wind tunnel cycle, i.e. the nozzle of test section,it could be utilized as any of the three wind tunnels. A design used for environmental wind tunnels and other contraction which was adjusted by 50 % through changes in the polynomial contraction for other applications. As a result, the best fitted profile for the environmental wind tunnels contraction was selected by contraction best fit program. Consequently, the flow properties and flow separation of contractions were analyzed by the computational fluid dynamics model in a computer software. This method is also suitable for existing low speed wind tunnels with special applications. 相似文献
18.
针对浅埋暗挖洞桩法理论分析落后于工程实践的实际情况,依据地下结构设计计算理论的地层--结构法,以有限单元法作为分析手段,建立三维计算模型,系统开展了浅埋暗挖洞桩法施工过程的数值模拟,以及参数变化对洞周围岩稳定性和位移场的影响分析。结果表明：浅埋暗挖洞桩法用于大断面洞室或超浅埋洞室暗挖施工时,洞周围岩稳定性良好,并可有效控制地表沉降。洞室跨度为14 m左右时控制地表沉降的效果最好;在不同埋深条件下控制地表沉降的效果基本相同;洞室高度的影响则不明显。研究的结论对今后浅埋大断面单跨洞室暗挖施工方案比选和采用浅埋暗挖洞桩法施工具有指导 作用。 相似文献
19.
地震波在煤、岩层中传播,当遇到不同岩性之间的界面时,就会发生反射。根据这一原理,对四台矿8307工作面12#煤层利用KDZ1114-3型便携式矿井地质探测仪,接收煤、岩层中反射波信息,解析得到反射界面的位置,进而确定煤、岩层的厚度。 相似文献
20.
地震波在煤、岩层中传播，当遇到不同岩性之间的界面时，就会发生反射。根据这一原理，对四台矿8307工作面12^#煤层利用KDZ1114-3型便携式矿井地质探测仪，接收煤、岩层中反射波信息，解析得到反射界面的位置，进而确定煤、岩层的厚度。 相似文献