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利用人工配制的生活污水先进行单胞藻（斜生栅藻 Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓ ｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓＴｕｒｐ）的 培养,再接种田螺（Ｃｉｐａｎｇｏｐａｌｕｄｉｎａ ｓｐ）和短钝溞（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａ ｏｂｔｕｓａ Ｋｕｒｚ）,对栅藻密度的经时变化, 短钝溞种群增长及水体中氮、磷、碳在培养过程中的变化作了测定与分析结果如下：（１）田螺组和 对照组中栅藻密度（Ｎ）经时变化的函数为：田螺组Ｎ＝ｅ（１．１１３６）ｔ（１．７２０４）;对照组Ｎ＝ｅ（１．４１７５）ｔ（１．８０９９）;（２）田 螺组短钝溞在静态条件下的种群增长模型为： Ｎ＝ ０． ７５ｅ（０．４７６）ｔ,（３）以短钝溞问收方式收获量的累加 值作为种群增长量（产出量）,其数学模型为：Ｎ＝ｅ（０．２８３７）ｔ（２．５５３７）;（４）经栅藻、田螺、短钝溞培养后,生 活污水的氮、磷、碳含量分别下降了 ８０、 ６０％, ７２． ４０％, ４５． ７０％． 本研究既为枝角类集约化培养提供了某些生态学理论参数,也为污水调控及资源化提出一个 值得参考的技术途径 相似文献
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太湖短吻银鱼的胚胎发育 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
椭圆卵囊藻培养轮虫时,轮虫平均产卵量均低于４．０个,随着食物浓度增加,后代混交雌体百分率降至１２．５０％．投喂蛋白核小球藻,轮虫的平均产卵量从６．００增加到１１．４０个,后代混交雌体百分率降至４．５８％．小球藻和卵囊藻混合培养轮虫,轮虫平均产卵量少于５．００个,后代个体混交百分率下降．当小球藻浓度增加到８．０＊１０（６）ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｍｌ时,平均产卵量下降至８．３３个,混交百分率也明显升高。 相似文献
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利用斜生栅藻对山东禹城地区碳酸盐水型瘦水与肥水两种水体进行生物改良后,引种短钝蚤作室内培养试验,研究结果表明,短钝蚤在有适宜种类微藻作开始环境的先驱生物存在条件下,可以耐受碳酸盐型水质,并能成功地生长繁殖,本文还对３种培养液及两种培养模式下种群增长的动态规律作了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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浮游绿藻对沉水植物苦草生长的抑制作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水体中氧化还原电位的变化会对藻类生长和竞争产生直接或间接的影响.本文采用单种培养和混合培养的方式,研究了在铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)竞争生长过程中氧化还原电位降低对铜绿微囊藻优势形成的影响,同时测定了铜绿微囊藻生理和形态的变化.结果表明:在单种培养条件下,铜绿微囊藻的生长速率明显高于栅藻,降低氧化还原电位对两种藻的生长速率没有影响;在混合培养条件下,两种藻的生长均受到了抑制,但降低氧化还原电位却明显提高了铜绿微囊藻的生长速率,而降低了斜生栅藻的生长速率,说明铜绿微囊藻的竞争能力得到了加强,斜生栅藻的竞争能力有所削弱;同时试验也发现在竞争生长的条件下,培养基氧化还原电位的降低诱导了铜绿微囊藻细胞体积变大,酯酶活性增强以及叶绿素荧光强度增加,这些生理参数的改变可能是铜绿微囊藻在环境中氧化还原电位降低时竞争能力得以增强的重要原因. 相似文献
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在不同的光照强度下,测定了铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻在不同生长期的藻细胞密度、粒径、叶绿素a浓度、浮游植物吸收系数以及比吸收系数.单因素方差分析表明,在整个培养周期中,光照强度对铜绿微囊藻及斜生栅藻的藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度以及440、675 nm处吸收系数均有着显著的影响.两种藻在光照强度为50μmol/(m2.s)条件下,藻细胞密度、叶绿素a浓度及吸收系数值相对最大.相关性分析表明:藻类特征波段440、675 nm吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度、藻细胞密度在不同光照条件下都存在着显著的正相关性,其中叶绿素a浓度与藻类吸收系数存在着幂函数的关系,而线性关系能更好的说明藻细胞密度与吸收系数之间的关系.在不同光照强度及培养时期,藻类比吸收系数在一定的范围内波动,随光强增加比吸收系数呈上升趋势.铜绿微囊藻440、675 nm处比吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度呈显著的负相关关系,而斜生栅藻比吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度之间无显著相关,体现了不同藻类由于色素组成及比例差异其色素包裹效应也各不相同.对不同光照强度下的铜绿微囊藻及斜生栅藻进行400～700 nm波段积分,得到了两者在5、50及100μmol/(m2.s)不同种光强下的平均比吸收系数分别为0.0144、0.0134、0.0160,0.0086、0.0088、0.0105 m2/(mg Chl.a),铜绿微囊藻比吸收系数明显大于斜生栅藻. 相似文献
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食物质量会影响浮游动物的生长和繁殖,表征食物质量的指标包括食物大小、元素比、生物化学组成和毒性有无等.用斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的碳磷比(C/P)表征食物质量,分析不同C/P斜生栅藻对同型溞(Daphnia similis)生长和繁殖的影响.研究中4个处理组斜生栅藻C/P分别为881.8、512.3、124.3和42.4.培养9 d后不同处理组同型溞的生长速率分别为0.15、0.27、0.47和0.44 d-1.C/P比为881.8的处理组同型溞在整个培养过程中没有产仔,其余3个处理组的同型溞第1成龄期的产仔量分别为1.2±1.3、9.8±2.3和9.5±2.5 ind./female.结果表明,与斜生栅藻C/P为124.3处理条件相比,斜生栅藻C/P过高(512.3和881.8)及C/P过低(42.4)处理条件下同型溞生长速率和产仔量均降低.本研究表明食物C/P的高低会影响溞的生长和繁殖,从而影响其在湖泊中的生存. 相似文献
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利用自行研制的光生物反应器,以水库中典型的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为研究对象,研究了两种藻类在光照强度周期性波动条件下的抑制特性.结果表明,相对恒定时平均光照强度6100 lx而言,在光照强度周期性波动条件下,在培养至24天时,铜绿微囊藻生物量降低14%、颜色稍黄,斜生栅藻生物量降低24%、藻体严重泛黄;铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低12.7%和55.5%,斜生栅藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低78%和74%;模拟内波的周期性波动光强下,两种藻的光合作用参数Fv/Fm、YⅡ和ETR下降,热耗散量NPQ增高,且光合作用受到抑制,生长代谢能力减弱,这为内波控藻提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻光合利用碳酸氢盐探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨羹类光合过程对碳酸氧盐的利用,研究不同pH值下铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻的净光合速率,并着重研究这两株藻的碳酸氢盐摄取速率.结果表明,从弱酸性到弱碱性,四尾栅藻的净光合速率都比铜绿微囊藻高.由pH值超过pH转折点后的无机碳摄取速率计算得到的碳酸氢盐摄取速率对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻分别为142.14和314.08μmo1DIC/(g·h,FW),故这两株藻都可利用碳酸氢盐作为碳源进行光合,且均为强碳酸氧盐利用者;但是,四尾栅藻对碳酸氲盐的利用能力强于铜绿微囊藻.另外,与四尾栅藻相比,铜绿微囊藻的碳酸氧盐摄取速率更易受抑制剂的抑制. 相似文献
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藏南普莫雍错流域水体离子组成与空间分布及其环境意义 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
对藏南普莫雍错湖水及其周围人湖河流水体进行了离子化学成分分析,对部分湖泊和河流水样作氧同位紊分析.结果显示,不同入湖河流离子组成与湖水本身离子组成有较大差异.湖水的主要离子组合是Mg2 -Ca2 -HCO3-SO42-,而主要补给河流加曲为Ca2 -Mg2 -HCO3-.加曲人湖河口2m水深以内水化学性质差异大,湖泊其他地区差异小.加曲对河口三角洲之上湖水影响显著.其他河流对河口处湖水影响较小.Gibbs图显示湖水离子的组成主要与流域内的岩石风化有关.离子比例和三角图分析说明控制入湖河水离子主要过程是碳酸盐、黄铁矿和硅酸盐风化.湖泊与河流水体离子的组成差异较大,原因可能是蒸发浓缩导致的CaCO3的沉淀.其结果有助于正确理解湖泊沉积碳酸盐的环境指示意义. 相似文献
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藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子特征及其控制因素 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
水化学主离子特征是流域湖泊的一个重要特征,对气候以及河流所经地区的环境具有指示作用.本文对藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子组成特征及其控制因素进行分析,结果显示流域内不同水体(湖水、河水、地下水)之间的主离子组成以及水化学类型差异显著.其中,羊卓雍错的水化学类型为SO24--HCO3--Mg2+-Na+,巴纠错为SO24--Mg2+-Na+,沉错为SO24--Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+,普莫雍错为HCO3--SO24--Mg2+-Ca2+,空姆错为HCO3--SO24--Ca2+;流域河水中主要阴离子为HCO3-和SO24-,Ca2+为绝对优势阳离子;流域地下水化学类型则为HCO3--Ca2+.究其原因,流域水体化学组成主要受岩石风化作用控制;除此,羊卓雍错、巴纠错和沉错水化学组成亦受自身蒸发-结晶作用的影响.就入湖河水而言,羊卓雍错入湖河水整体受碳酸盐岩石风化的影响较大,蒸发岩溶解的影响次之;沉错和空姆错入湖河流(卡鲁雄曲)的蒸发岩来源则略大于碳酸盐岩来源;而硅酸盐对流域内河水的水化学性质影响较小.与入湖河水相比,羊卓雍错和沉错湖水的Mg2+、Na+和SO24-含量较高,而Ca2+和HCO3-含量较低.这应该与湖水蒸发强烈使得湖水中Ca2+和HCO3-析出并沉积到湖底有关.而空姆错由于湖泊面积小、入湖河水流量大,致使其湖水与入湖河水的主离子组成差异不显著. 相似文献
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Fluxes of dissolved inorganic nutrients: NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO4(3-) and Si(OH)4 from nearshore sediments of Gazi Bay were measured in situ within mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes using benthic flux bell-jar chambers of cross-sectional area 0.066 m2 and volume 0.0132 m3. The objectives were: (1) to determine the influence of benthic fluxes, fluvial discharge and seasonal variations on the nutrient budget in the Bay waters; (2) to determine the effect of tidal and spatial variations on nutrient loads in the water column and (3) to establish the relative importance of the nutrient sources with regard to total community production of the Bay. The directly measured fluxes ranged from -270 to +148 micromol NH4+-N/m2/h; -60 to +63 micromol NO2(-)-N/m2/h; -79 to +41 micromol NO3(-)-N/m2/h; -79 to +75 micromol PO4(3-)-P/m2/h and +30 to +350 micromol Si(OH)4-Si/m2/h for and respectively. It was established that benthic fluxes are the major sources of dissolved inorganic NH4+, NO2- and Si(OH)4 while fluvial sources are important for NO3- and PO4(3-) into Gazi Bay waters. Seasonal variations had an appreciable effect on the PO4(3-) fluxes, N:Si ratio, river nutrient discharge, plankton productivity and important environmental factors such as salinity and temperature. Tidal and spatial variations had no significant effect on nutrient concentrations and net fluxes within the water column. The results imply that benthic fluxes are largely responsible for the nutrient dynamics of the nearshore coastal ecosystems especially where direct terrestrial inputs do not contribute significantly to the nutrient budget. 相似文献
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1994年9月16日在台湾海峡南部(22.6°N,118.7°E)发生了M_S7.3地震,发震时福州、厦门、漳州、东山等地普遍有感,个别房屋出现裂缝。震前福建省水化台网监测到水氡、水电导率、Ca~(2+)、K~+、Mg~(2+)、水位、水温等地下流体群体异常,异常序列出现层次性,异常空间分布具有集中性,异常数量达到一定数值。 相似文献
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青藏高原湖泊Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Mg/Ca盐度指示意义的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
总结了青藏高原地区400多个湖泊湖水的Mg2+、Ca2+和Mg/Ca等水化指标与湖水盐度的相关关系,以及这种关系随着湖水变化(不同采样时间和采样点以及自然蒸发)而产生的变化规律.结果表明:青藏高原湖泊湖水的Mg2+浓度与盐度具有较为稳定的正相关关系,而Ca2+和Mg/Ca与盐度的相关性较弱.在对于某一特定水化学类型的湖泊,一般碳酸盐型湖泊的Mg2+、Ca2+以及Mg/Ca等指标与盐度均没有明显的相关性;硫酸盐型湖泊中Mg2+浓度和盐度呈现较高的正相关关系,而Ca2+以及Mg/Ca与盐度的相关性仍很弱;而在氯化物型湖泊中,Mg2+浓度与盐度呈更高的正相关性,Ca2+浓度也与盐度呈一定的正相关性,Mg/Ca这一指标与盐度的相关性依然很弱.而对某一特定湖泊,在不同演化阶段或不同的采样地点,Mg2+浓度与盐度仍然保持明显的正相关关系,而Ca2+以及Mg/Ca与盐度的相关性仍然不稳定或很弱.在青藏高原作古环境重建应用的时候,湖水Mg2+浓度是古盐度一个较好的转换指标,而Ca2+以及Mg/Ca的古盐度指示意义相对较弱. 相似文献
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Nasir Ahmed Md.Bodrud-Doza S.M.Didar-Ul Islam Manzoor Ahmad Choudhry Md.Iftakharul Muhib Anwar Zahid Shahadat Hossain Md.Moniruzzaman Nipa Deb Md.Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(3):440-455
To investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater 23 shallow, 30 intermediate and 38 deep wells samples were collected from Sylhet district of Bangladesh, and analyzed for temperature, pH, Eh, EC,DO, DOC, Na^+, K^+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl^-, SO_42-, NO_3^-,HCO_3^-, SiO_2^-, Fe, Mn and As. Besides, 12 surface water samples from Surma and Kushiyara Rivers were also collected and analyzed to understand the influence into aquifers. Results revealed that, most of the groundwater samples are acidic in nature, and Na–HCO_3 is the dominant groundwater type. The mean value of temperature, EC,Na^+, K^+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl^-, NO_3^- and SO_42- were found within the range of permissible limits, while most of the samples exceeds the allowable limits of Fe, Mn and As concentrations. However, relatively higher concentration of Fe and Mn were found in deep water samples and reverse trend was found in case of As. The mean concentrations of As in shallow, intermediate and deep wells were 39.3, 25.3and 21.4 lg/L respectively, which varied from 0.03 to148 lg/L. From spatial distribution, it was found that Fe,Mn and As concentrations are high but patchy in northern,north-western, and south-western part of Sylhet region. The most influential geochemical process in study area were identified as silicate weathering, characterized by active cation exchange process and carbonate weathering, which thereby can enhance the elemental concentrations in groundwater. Pearson's correlation matrix, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were also employed to evaluate the controlling factors, and it was found that, both natural and anthropogenic sources were influencing the groundwater chemistry of the aquifers. However, surface water has no significant role to contaminate the aquifers,rather geogenic factors affecting the trace elemental contamination. Thus it is expected that, outcomes of this study will provide useful insights for future groundwater monitoring and management of the study area. 相似文献
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One of the major problems in the lower Jordan Valley is the increasing salinization (i.e., chloride content) of local ground water. The high levels of salinity limit the utilization of ground water for both domestic and agriculture applications. This joint collaborative study evaluates the sources and mechanisms for salinization in the Jericho area. We employ diagnostic geochemical fingerprinting methods to trace the potential sources of the salinity in (1) the deep confined subaquifer system (K2) of Lower Cenomanian age; (2) the upper subaquifer system (K1) of Upper Cenomanian and Turonian ages; and (3) the shallow aquifer system (Q) of Plio-Pleistocene ages. The chemical composition of the saline ground water from the two Cenomanian subaquifers (K1 and K2) point to a single saline source with Na/Cl approximately 0.5 and Br/Cl approximately 7 x 10(-3). This composition is similar to that of thermal hypersaline spring that are found along the western shore of the Dead Sea (e.g., En Gedi thermal spring). We suggest that the increasing salinity in both K1 and K2 subaquifers is derived from mixing with deep-seated brines that flow through the Rift fault system. The salinization rate depends on the discharge volume of the fresh meteoric water in the Cenomanian Aquifer. In contrast, the chemical composition of ground water from the Plio-Pleistocene Aquifer shows a wide range of Cl- (100-2000 mg/L), Na/Cl (0.4-1.0), Br/Cl (2-6 x 10(-3)), and SO4/Cl (0.01-0.4) ratios. These variations, together with the high SO4(2-), K+, and NO3- concentrations, suggest that the salinity in the shallow aquifer is derived from the combination of (1) upconing of deep brines as reflected by low Na/Cl and high Br/Cl ratios; (2) leaching of salts from the Lisan Formation within the Plio-Pleistocene Aquifer, as suggested by the high SO4(2-) concentrations; and (3) anthropogenic contamination of agriculture return flow and sewage effluents with distinctive high K+ (80 mg/L) and NO3- (80 mg/l) contents and low Br/Cl ratios (2 x 10(-3)). Our data demonstrates that the chemical composition of salinized ground water can be used to delineate the sources of salinity and hence to establish the conceptual model for explaining salinization processes. 相似文献
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HU Ping YIN Xiulan ZHAO Linghu & LI Dien . Department of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China . Northeastern Illinois University Chicago IL USA . China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring Beijing China . Division of Chemistry Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11)
A large amount of nuclear wastes has been pro-duced due to nuclear weapon development and nuclear electricity generation. One possible resolution for the disposal of the nuclear wastes is to seal them in an underground repository, which requires detailed knowledge on the mobility, chemical behavior and immobilization of radionuclides in underground water. In addition, toxic heavy metals are extensively present in ground and underground water, how to immobilize and remedy these toxic heavy meta… 相似文献
19.
Spatial patterning of water quality in Biscayne Bay, Florida as a function of land use and water management 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
An objective classification analysis was performed on a water quality data set from 25 sites collected monthly during 1994-2003. The water quality parameters measured included: TN, TON, DIN, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, TP, SRP, TN:TP ratio, TOC, DO, CHL A, turbidity, salinity and temperature. Based on this spatial analysis, Biscayne Bay was divided into five zones having similar water quality characteristics. A robust nutrient gradient, driven mostly by dissolved inorganic nitrogen, from alongshore to offshore in the main Bay, was a large determinant in the spatial clustering. Two of these zones (Alongshore and Inshore) were heavily influenced by freshwater input from four canals which drain the South Dade agricultural area, Black Point Landfill, and sewage treatment plant. The North Bay zone, with high turbidity, phytoplankton biomass, total phosphorus, and low DO, was affected by runoff from five canals, the Munisport Landfill, and the urban landscape. The South Bay zone, an embayment surrounded by mangrove wetlands with little urban development, was high in dissolved organic constituents but low in inorganic nutrients. The Main Bay was the area most influenced by water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean and showed the lowest nutrient concentrations. The water quality in Biscayne Bay is therefore highly dependent of the land use and influence from the watershed. 相似文献
20.
在山西运城盐池湖区采到的藻类植物共5门(不包括硅藻门),30科,70属,222种(含变种和变型)．其中蓝藻门4 科17属35种,绿藻门19科40属93种,裸藻门5科10属83种,黄藻门1科1属2种,轮藻门1科2属9种．该湖区的水体根据含盐量的不同可分为4种类型:淡水水体(含盐量<0．05％)、混盐水体(含盐量0．05％-3％)、真盐水体(含盐量 3％-4％)和高盐水体(含盐量>4％)．由于受含盐量的影响,藻类植物在4种水体中的分布有明显差异,随含盐量增加,种类数减少． 相似文献