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1.
We present model of the structure and development of the entire lithosphere beneath the western Eger Rift (ER). Its crustal architecture and paths of volcanic products are closely related to sutures/boundaries of uppermost mantle domains distinguished by different orientations of olivine fabric, derived from 3-D analysis of seismic anisotropy. Three different fabrics of the mantle lithosphere belong to the Saxothuringian (ST), Teplá-Barrandian (TB) and Moldanubian (MD) microplates assembled during the Variscan orogeny. Dipping fossil (pre-assembly) olivine orientations, consistent within each unit, do not support any voluminous mantle delamination. The variable rift structure and morphology depend on the character of the pre-rift suture between the northern ST unit and the TB/MD units in the southern rift flank. The proper rift with typical graben morphology has developed above the steep lithosphere-scale suture between the ST and TB units. This subduction-related boundary originated from the closure of the ST Ocean. Parts of the crust and mantle lithosphere were dragged there into asthenospheric depths and then rapidly uplifted. The suture is marked by abrupt change in the mantle fabric and sharp gradients in regional gravity field and in metamorphic grade. The secular TB-side-down normal movement is reflected in deep sedimentary basins, which developed since the Carboniferous to Cenozoic and in topography. The graben morphology of the ER terminates above the “triple junction” of the ST, TB and MD mantle lithospheres. The junction is characterized by offsets of surface boundaries of the tectonic units from their mantle counterparts indicating a detachment of the rigid upper crust from the mantle lithosphere. The southwest continuation of the rift features in Bavaria is expressed in occurrences of Cenozoic sediments and volcanics above an inclined broad transition zone between the ST and MD lithospheres. Schematic scenario of evolution of the region consists mainly of a subduction of the ST lithosphere to depths around 140 km, exhumation of HP-HT rocks and the post-tectonic granitoid plutonism.  相似文献   

2.
We propose a mechanical model of deformation of the entire lithosphere of the Bohemian Massif (BM), whose core is formed by an asymmetric block of the Teplá-Barrandian (TB) unit in between the Saxothuringian (ST) and Moldanubian (MD) units. For the modelling, we have re-processed P-wave travel times recorded during the last two decades at dense networks of seismic stations installed in the BM during several passive seismic experiments. We also use previous results of anisotropic studies based on splitting of teleseismic shear waves. This allows us to refine estimates of the lithosphere thickness and delimit deep margins of the individual mantle lithosphere domains. The domains are rigid enough to preserve pre-orogenic olivine fabrics differently oriented in each of the units. Shapes and dips of the mantle boundaries, representing major zones of weakness inherited from the Variscan amalgamation of independent microplates, indicate that north-westward subductions beneath the TB unit dominated tectonic development of the core of the BM. Two mantle lithosphere domains with different fabric orientations, separated by a WSW-ENE striking shear zone, underlie the TB crust. The NW domain is the TB mantle lithosphere, while the SE domain is the MD mantle lithosphere thrust under the TB crust. Lithosphere of the north-western TB domain, compressed between early Variscan subductions of the ST continental lithosphere from the northwest and the MD continental lithosphere from the southeast, was pushed south-westward by about 50 km. Though the crust of the south-westerly TB promontory is commonly attributed to the MD unit, apparently it preserves the TB mantle lithosphere. The shifted TB lithosphere provides compelling evidence in support of older views suggesting that the Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss (ZEV) originally belonged to the tilted western rim of the TB unit. During the final phase of the assemblage of the BM, the rigid TB lithosphere was disrupted by the southward pushing ST lithosphere along the newly formed NW-SE striking Jáchymov Fault Zone (JFZ). This lithosphere-scale process most likely changed the tectonic regime, released subduction-related forces and started the gravity-dominated tectonics.  相似文献   

3.
Gravity signals from the lithosphere in the Central European Basin System   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
We study the gravity signals from different depth levels in the lithosphere of the Central European Basin System (CEBS). The major elements of the CEBS are the Northern and Southern Permian Basins which include the Norwegian–Danish Basin (NDB), the North-German Basin (NGB) and the Polish Trough (PT). An up to 10 km thick sedimentary cover of Mesozoic–Cenozoic sediments, hides the gravity signal from below the basin and masks the heterogeneous structure of the consolidated crust, which is assumed to be composed of domains that were accreted during the Paleozoic amalgamation of Europe. We performed a three-dimensional (3D) gravity backstripping to investigate the structure of the lithosphere below the CEBS.Residual anomalies are derived by removing the effect of sediments down to the base of Permian from the observed field. In order to correct for the influence of large salt structures, lateral density variations are incorporated. These sediment-free anomalies are interpreted to reflect Moho relief and density heterogeneities in the crystalline crust and uppermost mantle. The gravity effect of the Moho relief compensates to a large extent the effect of the sediments in the CEBS and in the North Sea. Removal of the effects of large-scale crustal inhomogeneities shows a clear expression of the Variscan arc system at the southern part of the study area and the old crust of Baltica further north–east. The remaining residual anomalies (after stripping off the effects of sediments, Moho topography and large-scale crustal heterogeneities) reveal long wavelength anomalies, which are caused mainly by density variations in the upper mantle, though gravity influence from the lower crust cannot be ruled out. They indicate that the three main subbasins of the CEBS originated on different lithospheric domains. The PT originated on a thick, strong and dense lithosphere of the Baltica type. The NDB was formed on a weakened Baltica low-density lithosphere formed during the Sveco-Norwegian orogeny. The major part of the NGB is characterized by high-density lithosphere, which includes a high-velocity lower crust (relict of Baltica passive margin) overthrusted by the Avalonian terrane. The short wavelength pattern of the final residuals shows several north–west trending gravity highs between the Tornquist Zone and the Elbe Fault System. The NDB is separated by a gravity low at the Ringkøbing–Fyn high from a chain of positive anomalies in the NGB and the PT. In the NGB these anomalies correspond to the Prignitz (Rheinsberg anomaly), the Glueckstadt and Horn Graben, and they continue further west into the Central Graben, to join with the gravity high of the Central North Sea.  相似文献   

4.
E. Hegner  M. Klbl-Ebert  J. Loeschke 《Lithos》1998,45(1-4):395-411
Subsequent to high-pressure and temperature metamorphism of the axial zone of the Variscan foldbelt in central Europe at ca. 340 to 330 Ma, formation of lamprophyre dikes during transtensional tectonics may be viewed as the beginning of the post-collisional stage of the orogeny. We report the results of 40Ar/39Ar mica dating, major and trace element data, and isotope compositions for lamprophyre and rhyodacite samples from the southern Black Forest. The chemical compositions of these rocks shed light on the upper mantle and crust at the end of the Variscan orogeny. 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages for four phlogopite–biotite separates from lamprophyres indicate emplacement at 332 to 314 Ma. This event coincides with melting of the crust as indicated by 40Ar/39Ar biotite plateau ages of ca. 332 Ma for rhyodacite dikes which are probably related to coeval undeformed granites. Incompatible trace element patterns of the lamprophyre samples reveal the characteristics of evolved continental crust and are interpreted as evidence for melting of sediment in a subduction-modified mantle. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotope compositions indicate an enriched mantle source with Nd-values of −1.5 to −6.8 which is similar to Variscan crust. Significant contamination of the lamprophyric melts by Variscan crust can be ruled out as mantle-derived phlogopite phenocrysts have similar Nd-values as in the whole-rock samples. We propose that the isotope compositions and incompatible trace element characteristics of the lamprophyres were predominantly inherited from melted sediment. The isotope compositions of Variscan lamprophyres from western Europe suggest that enriched upper mantle was only partly delaminated when ascending hot mantle triggered melting of the lower crust, as has been invoked for the origin of post-collisional granites. The isotope compositions of Tertiary basalts and mantle xenoliths indicate a depleted upper mantle under western Europe, implying that the enriched Variscan material was efficiently removed and mixed into the convecting mantle.  相似文献   

5.
The SW England Rhenohercynian passive margin initiated with rift-related non-marine sedimentation and bimodal magmatism (Late Lockhovian). Continued lithospheric extension resulted in the exhumation of mantle peridotites and limited seafloor spreading (Emsian-Eifelian). Variscan convergence commenced during the Late Eifelian and was coeval with rifting further north. Collision was marked by the Early Carboniferous emergence of deep marine sedimentary/volcanic rocks from the distal continental margin, oceanic lithosphere, pre-rift basement and upper plate gneisses (correlated with the Mid-German Crystalline High of the Saxothuringian Zone). Progressive inversion of the passive margin was strongly influenced by rift basin geometry. Convergence ceased in the Late Carboniferous and was replaced by an extensional regime that reactivated basin controlling/thrust faults and reorientated earlier fabrics (Start-Perranporth Zone). The resultant exhumation of the lower plate was accompanied by emplacement of the Early Permian SW England granites and was contemporaneous with upper plate sedimentary basin formation above the reactivated Rhenohercynian suture. The Rhenohercynian passive margin probably developed in a marginal basin north of the Rheic Ocean or, possibly, a successor basin following its closure. The Lizard ophiolite is unlikely to represent Rheic Ocean floor or associated forearc (SSZ) crust. The Rheic and Rhenohercynian sutures may be coincident or the Rheic suture may be located further south in the Léon Domain.  相似文献   

6.
Combined analyses of Nd isotopes from a wide range of Neoarchaean–Cretaceous igneous rocks provides a proxy to study magmatic processes and the evolution of the lithosphere. The main igneous associations include the Neoproterozoic granitoids from the southern Brazilian shield, which were formed during two tectonothermal events of the Brasiliano cycle: the São Gabriel accretionary orogeny (900–700 Ma) and the Dom Feliciano collisional orogeny (660–550 Ma). Rocks related to the formation of the São Gabriel arc (900–700 Ma) mainly have a depleted juvenile signature. For the Neoproterozoic collisional event, the petrogenetic discussion focuses on two old crustal segments and three types of mantle components. However, no depleted juvenile material was involved in the formation of the Dom Feliciano collisional belt (800–550 Ma), which implies an ensialic environment for the Dom Feliciano orogeny. In the western Neoproterozoic foreland, records of a Neoarchaean lower crust predominate, whereas a Paleoproterozoic crust does in the eastern Dom Feliciano belt. The western foreland includes two amalgamated geotectonic domains, the São Gabriel arc and Taquarembó block. In the collisional belt, the old crust was intensely reworked during the São Gabriel event. In addition to the Neoproterozoic subduction-processed subcontinental lithosphere (São Gariel arc), we recognize two old enriched mantle components, which also are identified in the Paleoproterozoic intraplate tholeiites from Uruguay and the Cretaceous potassic suites from eastern Paraguay. One end member displays the prominent influence of Trans-Amazonian (2.3–2.0 Ga) or older subduction events, whereas the other can be interpreted as a reenrichment of the first during the latest Trans-Amazonian collisional or younger events. This reenriched mantle is documented in late Neoproterozoic suites from the western foreland (605–550 Ma) and younger suites from the eastern collisional belt (600–580 Ma). The other enriched mantle component with an old subduction signature, however, appears only in older rocks of the collisional belt (800–600 Ma). The participation of the subduction-related Brasiliano mantle as an end member of binary mixing occurred in some early Neoproterozoic suites (605–580 Ma) from the western foreland, but the contribution of the Neoarchaean lower crust increased near the late igneous event (575–550 Ma).  相似文献   

7.
Five domains (microplates) have been recognized by seismic anisotropy in the mantle lithosphere of the Bohemian Massif. The mantle domains correspond to major crustal units and each of the domains bears a consistent fossil olivine fabric formed before their Variscan assembly. The present-day mantle fabric indicates that this process consisted of at least three oceanic subductions, each followed by an underthrusting of the continental lithosphere. The seismic anisotropy does not detect remnants of the oceanic subductions, but it can trace boundaries of the preserved continental domains subsequently underthrust along the paths of previous oceanic subductions. The most robust continent–continent collision was followed by westward underthrusting of the Brunovistulian mantle lithosphere, still detectable by seismic anisotropy more than 100 km beneath the Moldanubian mantle lithosphere. Major occurrences of the high-pressure/ultra high-pressure (HP–UHP) rocks follow the ENE and NNE oriented sutures and boundaries of the mantle–lithosphere domains mapped from three-dimensional modeling of body-wave anisotropy. The HP–UHP rocks are products of oceanic subductions and the following underthrusting of the continental crust and mantle lithosphere exhumed along the mantle boundaries. The close relation of the mantle sutures and occurrences of the HP–UHP rocks near the paleosubductions testifies for models interpreting the granulite–garnet peridotite association by oceanic/continental subduction/underthrusting followed by the exhumation of deep-seated rocks. Our findings support the bivergent subduction model of tectonic development of the central part of the Bohemian Massif. The inferences from seismic anisotropy image the Bohemian Massif as a mosaic of microplates with a rigid mantle lithosphere preserving a fossil olivine fabric. The collisional mantle boundaries, blurred by tectonometamorphic processes in easily deformed overlying crust, served as major exhumation channels of the HP–UHP rocks.  相似文献   

8.
The Teplá–Barrandian unit (TBU) has long been considered as a simply bivergent supracrustal ‘median massif’ above the Saxothuringian subduction zone in the Variscan orogenic belt. This contribution reveals a much more complex style of the Variscan tectonometamorphic overprint and resulting architecture of the Neoproterozoic basement of the TBU. For the first time, we describe the crustal-scale NE–SW-trending dextral transpressional Krakovec shear zone (KSZ) that intersects the TBU and thrusts its higher grade northwestern portion severely reworked by Variscan deformation over a southeastern very low grade portion with well-preserved Cadomian structures and only brittle Variscan deformation. The age of movements along the KSZ is inferred as Late Devonian (~380–370?Ma). On the basis of structural, microstructural, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data from the KSZ, we propose a new synthetic model for the deformation partitioning in the Teplá–Barrandian upper crust in response to the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous subduction and underthrusting of the Saxothuringan lithosphere. We conclude that the Saxothuringian/Teplá–Barrandian convergence was nearly frontal during ~380–346?Ma and was partitioned into pure shear dominated domains that accommodated orogen-perpendicular shortening alternating with orogen-parallel high-strain domains that accommodated dextral transpression or bilateral extrusion. The synconvergent shortening of the TBU was terminated by a rapid gravity-driven collapse of the thickened lithosphere at ~346–337?Ma followed by, or partly simultaneous with, dextral strike-slip along the Baltica margin-parallel zones, driven by the westward movement of Gondwana from approximately 345?Ma onwards.  相似文献   

9.
燕山陆内造山作用的深部制约因素   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
中生代燕山陆内造山带是在克拉通软弱带上发育起来的。陆内造山作用受到深部条件的制约是与陆缘造山的主要区别。深部制约表现在:(1)继承性的构造活动;(2)断块的差异升降;(3)主动裂谷盆地演化;(4)岩石圈剧烈的构造变动。其中,岩石圈剧烈的构造变动和主动裂谷盆地演化直接受制于上地幔的影响,而断块差异升降是深部作用的间接反映。继承性的构造活动贯穿于燕山运动各个时期,其表现形式可以不同。这些深部影响因素随着时间是有变化的,存在交叉叠置,但是构造-岩浆活动的深度总的来说趋于越来越浅。与其他陆缘、陆间造山带对比,可以看到深部热体制调整在燕山陆内造山作用中是最重要的因素。陆内造山作用是上部地壳对岩石圈不同深度层次剧烈变动的响应,地壳以及岩石圈的加厚和随后的变薄是其实质性的构造过程,不仅导致岩石的变形,而且也引起了山脉的隆升。  相似文献   

10.
CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND GEODYNAMICS OF KEKEXILI BASIN IN NORTHERN QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU  相似文献   

11.
许德如  林舸等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):598-608
海南岛前寒武纪基性岩类具有的不同的岩石地球化学特征，记录了海南岛前寒武纪大地构造环境和岩石圈的演化史。古中元古代时，琼中屯昌变基性－超基性岩，为大洋型火山岛弧低钾拉斑玄武岩，明显具有镁铁质－玄武质科马提岩特征，来源于高度亏损的地幔；与之同时代的琼西，则为一套具洋底玄武岩和岛弧拉弦玄武岩的过渡型玄武岩，是古俯冲带上部地幔楔和自消减带卷入地幔楔地壳物质所组成的混合端元部分熔融产物，具低亏损地幔特征，产生于弧后（或弧间）盆地环境；中新元古代的琼西变基性－超基性岩具铁镁质－超铁镁质科马提岩特征，来源于较高亏损的地幔，产于大洋板块边缘的构造环境。据此，可以推测，海南岛前寒武纪岩石圈演化至少经历了古中元古代的古板块俯冲、中新元古代的裂解二次事件，并伴随洋盆的出现。  相似文献   

12.
Since 1975 several high-resolution seismic-refraction and reflection surveys have been carried out in western Germany to investigate the structure of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. The investigation culminated in the seismic-refraction survey along the 825 km long central part of the European Geotraverse (EGT) in 1986. This contribution summarizes the main results of the more recent crustal investigations along and around the EGT. The internal crustal structure throughout the area of the Variscides is very complex and changes laterally considerably. Distinct crustal blocks differing in their internal structure can be assigned to geologically defined units of the Variscan and Caledonian orogeny. In spite of local deviations, in general a more or less transparent and low-velocity upper crust contrasts with a highly reflective lower crust. A subdivision of upper and lower crust by a well-defined boundary (Conrad discontinuity) is not always seen. Towards the Alps the average velocity of the lower crust is as low as 6.2 km s?1, in contrast to the area north of the Swabian Jura where the velocities above Moho vary between 6.8 and 7.2 km s?1. In Northern Germany, the Elbe line separates the lower crust into two regions with 6.4 km s?1 average velocity in the south and 6.9 km s?1 in the north. The total crustal thickness under the Variscan part of Germany is fairly constant between 28 and 30 km, except under the Rhine Graben area with 25–26 km and beneath the central part of the Rhenish Massif where an anomalous crustal thickening to 37 km is observed. Under northern Germany the Moho rises to about 26 km depth and the data indicate at least one fault-like step of 1 km before the crust thickens toward the Ringkobing-Fyn basement high. The synthesis of seismic velocity structure and petrological information from xenolith studies allows us to propose a mafic composition for the deeper levels of the crust and uppermost mantle which may be valid at least for the central part of the Variscan crust along the European Geotraverse in Central Europe.  相似文献   

13.
The south-eastern part of the European Variscan belt forms a zone composed of several crystalline segments: the External Crystalline Massifs of the western Alps, the Maures-Tanneron massif, also Corsica and Sardinia, which are mutually displaced due to the Alpine deformation of the European Paleozoic lithosphere. All these crystalline fragments record similar structural, metamorphic, geochronological and magmatic histories during Paleozoic times. In particular, the Late Carboniferous period (～320–300 Ma) is characterized by crustal-scale folding associated with strike-slip faulting and intracontinental basin formation. In this transpressive context, dome structures exhume partially-molten crust in convergent setting, which is in contradiction with generally accepted models of late orogenic collapse of the Variscan belt. It is suggested that this particular transpressive–obliquely convergent template, exemplified by tectonometamorphic evolution of the Maures-Tanneron massif, is valid for the whole eastern European Variscan margin.  相似文献   

14.
The geological inventory of the Variscan Bohemian Massif can be summarized as a result of Early Devonian subduction of the Saxothuringian ocean of unknown size underneath the eastern continental plate represented by the present-day Teplá-Barrandian and Moldanubian domains. During mid-Devonian, the Saxothuringian passive margin sequences and relics of Ordovician oceanic crust have been obducted over the Saxothuringian basement in conjunction with extrusion of the Teplá-Barrandian middle crust along the so-called Teplá suture zone. This event was connected with the development of the magmatic arc further east, together with a fore-arc basin on the Teplá-Barrandian crust. The back-arc region – the future Moldanubian zone – was affected by lithospheric thinning which marginally affected also the eastern Brunia continental crust. The subduction stage was followed by a collisional event caused by the arrival of the Saxothuringian continental crust that was associated with crustal thickening and the development of the orogenic root system in the magmatic arc and back-arc region of the orogen. The thickening was associated with depression of the Moho and the flux of the Saxothuringian felsic crust into the root area. Originally subhorizontal anisotropy in the root zone was subsequently folded by crustal-scale cusp folds in front of the Brunia backstop. During the Visean, the Brunia continent indented the thickened crustal root, resulting in the root's massive shortening causing vertical extrusion of the orogenic lower crust, which changed to a horizontal viscous channel flow of extruded lower crustal material in the mid- to supra-crustal levels. Hot orogenic lower crustal rocks were extruded: (1) in a narrow channel parallel to the former Teplá suture surface; (2) in the central part of the root zone in the form of large scale antiformal structure; and (3) in form of hot fold nappe over the Brunia promontory, where it produced Barrovian metamorphism and subsequent imbrications of its upper part. The extruded deeper parts of the orogenic root reached the surface, which soon thereafter resulted in the sedimentation of lower-crustal rocks pebbles in the thick foreland Culm basin on the stable part of the Brunia continent. Finally, during the Westfalian, the foreland Culm wedge was involved into imbricated nappe stack together with basement and orogenic channel flow nappes.  相似文献   

15.
华北克拉通晚中生代壳-幔拆离作用: 岩石流变学约束   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  
大陆岩石圈的流变学结构对于岩石圈深部过程(壳/幔过程)有着深刻的影响,直接表现在岩石圈壳-幔结构与浅部构造上.本文注意到华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄期间地壳的伸展、拆离与减薄在不同地区的宏观、微观构造及地壳岩石流变学等方面的差异表现与区域变化,以及现今和晚中生代时期岩石圈厚度的不均匀性.讨论了以水为主体的地质流体的存在对于岩石圈流变性的影响.综合克拉通东部与西部地壳/地幔厚度变化特点以及下地壳和上地幔含水性特点,阐述了晚中生代时期华北克拉通岩石圈内部壳幔耦合与解耦的规律,提出了华北岩石圈壳-幔拆离作用模型以解释华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄的基本现象与深部过程.提出区域性伸展作用是岩石圈减薄的主要动力学因素,东部地区在晚中生代伸展作用过程中壳-幔具有典型的解耦性,上部地壳、下部地壳和岩石圈地幔的变形具有显著差异性.而西部区壳幔总体具有耦合性,下地壳与岩石圈地幔共同构成流变学强度很高且难以变形的岩石圈根.  相似文献   

16.
 The crustal structure of the transition zone between the Eastern Alps and the western part of the Pannonian depression (Danube basin) is traditionally interpreted in terms of subvertical Tertiary strike-slip and normal faults separating different Alpine tectonic units. Reevaluation of approximately 4000-km-long hydrocarbon exploration reflection seismic sections and a few deep seismic profiles, together with data from approximately 300 wells, suggests a different structural model. It implies that extensional collapse of the Alpine orogene in the Middle Miocene was controlled by listric normal faults, which usually crosscut Alpine nappes at shallow levels, but at depth merge with overthrust planes separating the different Alpine units. The alternative structural model was tested along a transect across the Danube basin by gravity model calculations, and the results show that the model of low-angle extensional faulting is indeed viable. Regarding the whole lithosphere of the western Pannonian basin, gravity modelling indicates a remarkable asymmetry in the thickness minima of the attenuated crust and upper mantle. The approximately 160 km lateral offset between the two minima suggests that during the Miocene extension of the Pannonian basin detachment of the upper crust from the mantle lithosphere took place along a rheologically weak lower crust. Received: 13 July 1998 / Accepted: 18 March 1999  相似文献   

17.
中国东南陆区岩石圈结构与大规模成矿作用   总被引：54，自引：12，他引：42       下载免费PDF全文
本文以区域地质、矿产地质为基础,与地球物理和岩石圈深部地质的研究成果相结合,对中国东南陆区的地块、造山带、古板块结合带、隆起带、坳陷带和断陷盆地的地壳厚度变化与物质结构、莫霍面形态、岩石圈地幔的厚度变化与结构进行了研究与构造区划.论述了燕山期陆内造山与喜马拉雅期大陆伸展及其导致的岩石圈物质结构调整作用,建立了隆坳构造分异与壳幔物质结构调整模式,探讨了本区地壳减薄的深部地质过程,分析了燕山期陆内造山的动力机制以及大规模成矿作用与岩石圈物质结构构造的相关关系.  相似文献   

18.
Nd-evolutionary paths for diversified igneous suites from southern Brazil are here re-evaluated using published results. We interpret the εNd paths considering the secondary fractionation of 147Sm/144Nd due to major petrogenetic processes. The inclusion of Nd isotopes and geochemical data for Precambrian and Mesozoic basic rocks allow improving the discussion on the subcontinental lithosphere beneath southern Brazil. Late Neoproterozoic rocks, mostly granitoids, are exposed in two regions of the southern Brazilian shield, an eastern collisional belt and a western foreland. The latter included two geotectonic domains amalgamated at this time, the São Gabriel Arc (900–700 Ma), and the Taquarembó cratonic block. Magma genesis mainly involved mixture of crustal and incompatible-element-enriched mantle components, both with a long residence time. Continental segments are the Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic lower crust (ca. 2.55 Ga) in the western foreland, and Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic recycled crust (2.1–0.8 Ga) in the collisional belt. Granitoids with a single crustal derivation are limited in the southern Brazilian Shield. Mixing processes are well-registered in the western foreland, where the re-enriched old mantle was probably mixed with a 900–700 Ma-old subducted lithosphere and a 2.55 Ga-old lower crust. The contribution of the latter increased from the early 605–580 Ma to the later 575–550 Ma Neoproterozoic events, which may be due either to crustal thickening or to delamination of the lithosphere. Magma sources were diversified in the 660–630 Ma collisional belt. Initially, they involved the mixing between two components with similar Nd isotopic ratios, a 2.1–0.8 Ga-old recycled crust and a subduction-processed old mantle. Regional heating and abundant production of granitic melts, with diversified contribution of enriched mantle components, mark the end of the collisional period, at 630–580 Ma. We can also attribute this to the delamination of the lithosphere, so that the same geodynamic process may explain the magmatism in the whole shield at the end of the Dom Feliciano Orogeny. Mesozoic rocks include flood basalts from the Cretaceous Paraná Province and sub-coeval alkalic suites. Multiple processes of metasomatism affected the lithospheric mantle, resulting in some complexity but they mainly register two enriched-mantle components, both generated during Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic events. One end-member has a more pronounced subduction signature. The other one probably resulted from the re-enrichment of the first component at the end of the Camboriú collisional orogeny (2.0 Ga).  相似文献   

19.
袁四化  潘桂棠  任飞 《地球科学》2020,45(8):2826-2845
在中国区域大地构造研究中,对洋岛-海山/洋底高原的识别尚未引起足够重视.为深入研究中国大陆洋板块构造,系统回顾了洋岛-海山/洋底高原的基本概念、基本特征和增生造山过程.洋岛-海山/洋底高原是在海底扩张、大洋壳演化过程中由于地幔热点/柱作用形成的有异常厚度洋壳的区域,是大洋岩石圈的重要组成部分.洋岛-海山/洋底高原在垂向上具有典型的二元结构,下部以镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石为主,上部以碳酸盐岩建造为主.现今大洋盆地中大面积分布着正在演化中和正在俯冲的洋岛-海山,根据比较大地构造学原理,古洋岛-海山的存在指示古大洋盆地的存在,是研究造山带的重要载体.认为地史时期大洋盆地中有相当数量的洋岛、海山,在俯冲增生碰撞造山过程中保留下来的古洋岛-海山残块以构造岩片（块）形式夹持在俯冲增生杂岩中,随大洋盆地关闭;其作为缝合带的重要组成部分,是识别对接带的重要判别依据之一.   相似文献   

20.
邵济安 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2190-2199
中生代华北燕山造山带是陆内造山作用的典型,但长期来对造山作用的动力学机制存在多种分歧观点。本文尝试将岩石圈不同深度的构造整合在一起,探索陆内造山作用的主因。本文拟从燕山带中生代构造运动的基本特征入手,选择集宁-承德基底岩石圈断裂带作为先存构造薄弱带,结合不同深度层次的地质作用:①地表的断陷盆地及其火山-沉积岩建造;②断块构造的差异隆升;③固态流变和地热活动;④幔源或者壳幔混溶的火山岩,论证先存构造薄弱带的活化现象。在此基础上,通过幔源熔-流体的交代作用讨论了岩石圈强度的弱化,结合岩石圈结构的层析成像研究,得到初步结论:地幔底辟体上涌是华北克拉通中生代构造活化的重要背景。不排除不同板块间相互作用的影响。最后,从与国外典型的陆内造山带的对比中,进一步认识到:深部地幔物质上涌和上部岩石圈物质的均衡调整,是陆内造山与陆缘造山的本质区别。  相似文献   

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