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1.
中国南极考察航线上气旋大风过程统计分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
综合使用“雪龙”号走航气象观测数据、SeaSpace极轨卫星云图、ERA-Interim再分析数据，研究了中国第19～34次南极考察航线上由南大洋气旋导致的气旋大风过程，分析了其发生数量及时间间隔、强度和空间分布等特征，探讨了气旋大风发生间隔与南极涛动的关系。南大洋气旋对中国南极考察航线影响频繁且强烈，气旋大风过程数量与航次时长呈显著正相关，平均而言每个航次出现约18(4)次气旋大风过程(强过程)，平均每间隔6.5(30)天就出现一次；气旋大风过程中，过程风速平均达8级，最大可达12级。但气旋大风过程的数量、发生时间间隔、最大风速都存在较为明显的航次差异。气旋大风过程时间间隔与南半球夏季南极涛动指数呈负相关，且对于发生在55°S以南的过程负相关更为显著；南极涛动通过调整中高纬度风压带强弱,并影响气旋活动数量和活动区域，进而影响考察航线上气旋大风过程发生数量和频率。气旋大风过程可以发生在南大洋和极区内的任意航段，其中以45°～60°S绕极西风带内发生最为频繁，尤其易出现在气旋中心及其北侧与副热带高压配合产生的强梯度风区内。在4个重点考察海域中，由于阿蒙森低压的存在，阿蒙森海气旋大风过程和强过程发生最为频繁，其次是南极半岛海域，而普里兹湾和罗斯海气旋大风过程频率明显低于前两个海域，由于罗斯海最为偏南，不易受到气旋大风过程影响。  相似文献   

2.
南极磷虾是南大洋生态系统的关键物种,在南极碳汇过程中起到重要作用,近年来受到越来越多的关注。针对位于南大洋太平洋扇区的阿蒙森海域,运用最大熵模型(maximumentropy modeling,MaxEnt)和预设规则的遗传算法(geneticalgorithmforrule-setproduction,GARP)两种生态位模型,基于已采集的南极磷虾分布点的数据,对其在阿蒙森海域的潜在分布区进行了预测和分析,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiveroperatingcharacteristiccurve,ROC)下的面积(areaundercurve,AUC)和真实技巧统计法(true skill statistic, TSS)对模型结果进行评估。结果表明:MaxEnt模型中的高适生区刻画细致, GARP模型预测的高适生区分布范围更广。为克服单个模型的不确定性得到更佳结果,将两个模型的预测结果进行集合。集合后的结果模拟精度显著提高(AUC为0.946, TSS为0.78),达到了极好的预测效果。磷虾的高适生区集中分布在65°～73°S,占总面积的6.2%,中适生区占总面积的5.7%。...  相似文献   

3.
The Southern Ocean south of Australia is oceanographically complex, being characterized by double branches of the Sub-Antarctic Front (SAF), Polar Front (PF) and Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SACCF), in addition to the Southern Boundary (SB) of the ACC. From 25 February to 3 March 2002 a 2150-km Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) transect was conducted along 140 °E, between 47.02 °S and 66.36 °S, crossing each of these frontal zones. Surface temperature, salinity, and fluorescence were measured at 1-min intervals in conjunction with CPR samples. Additional physical data for the region south of 61oS was provided by nine CTD stations. Multivariate and Indicator Species analysis of the high resolution (∼9.2 km) zooplankton samples identified six distinct assemblages which were strongly correlated with frontal/oceanographic zones. These assemblages appeared to be structured by a combination of zonal differences in water mass structure, phytoplankton regimes, and small scale intra-zonal features (e.g. eddies). The northern branch of the SAF was the strongest biogeographic boundary, separating a high proportion of sub-tropical and temperate species from the waters to its south. The study area differed from other sectors of the Southern Ocean in that the northern PF, equivalent to the PF in other sectors, was not a zone of distinct ecological transition. Two of the identified assemblages were located with the seasonal ice zone, south of the northern SACCF. Although Euphausia superba larvae were a component of both of these assemblages, this species, together with appendicularia, was most abundant south of the SB. The seasonal ice zone north of the SB was dominated by small copepods (Oithona similis and Ctenocalanus citer), appendicularia and foraminifera. Although the physical characteristics of the frontal zones can be subtle, the demarcation between zooplankton assemblages was clear. Cross-frontal changes in zooplankton assemblages highlight their role in long-term monitoring programs as indicators of environmental change.  相似文献   

4.
Salinity tolerance, energy metabolism, buoyancy, and passive sinking and swimming speeds have been studied for comparative assessment of the adaptive potential of two species of cyclopoid copepods in the Black Sea, the native Oithona similis and new invader Oithona davisae. Both species were considered marine euryhaline copepods, but the range of salinity tolerance of O. davisae was much broader (5–55‰). The energy metabolism, locomotor activity, mean body mass density, and speed of passive sinking at the same temperature were significantly higher in O. davisae than in O. similis. The relationship between the physiological and behavioral parameters and ecological characteristics of the species are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
A one-dimensional, temperature-dependent model is implemented to simulate the descent–ascent cycle of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) embryos and larvae. Inputs to the model are monthly mean climatologies of ambient temperature and density fields obtained from the World Ocean Atlas Database for Southern Ocean waters. Simulations are done with a 1° resolution at a circumpolar scale, south of 60°S, and the results are interpolated to a 5′ grid to match the resolution of the bottom bathymetry data. Simulations of the descent–ascent cycle using environmental conditions corresponding to the Antarctic krill spawning season (December–March) resulted in unconstrained success in completion of the cycle in water deeper than 1000 m. Continental shelf regions favorable to successful hatching of Antarctic krill embryos are limited to areas along the west Antarctic Peninsula, large areas in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, offshore of Wilkes Land, and to the east and west of Prydz Bay. These are regions where the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front is along the shelf slope, the Antarctic Slope Front is absent, and Circumpolar Deep Water is present. The effect of seasonal variability in temperature on the descent–ascent cycle tends to enhance the probability of success in regions offshore of Wilkes Land, Queen Maud Land, and the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula later in the spawning season. The simulations show that success of the descent–ascent cycle is sensitive to initial embryo diameter and larval ascent rate. Initial embryo diameter may provide an additional constraint on success of the descent–ascent cycle, especially in continental shelf waters, where small embryos tend to encounter the bottom before hatching. The circumpolar distributions of simulated embryo hatching depth and larval success show that all regions of the Antarctic are not equal in the ability to support successful completion of the Antarctic krill descent–ascent cycle, which has implications for the overall circum-Antarctic krill distribution and for the development of nutrient and material budgets, especially for Antarctic continental shelf areas.  相似文献   

6.
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, has a heterogeneous circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. Krill have a close association with sea ice which provides access to a critical food source and shelter, particularly in the early life stages. Advective modelling of transport pathways of krill have until now been on regional scales and have not taken explicit account of sea ice. Here we present Lagrangian modelling studies at the circumpolar scale that include interaction with sea ice. The advection scheme uses ocean velocity output from the Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modelling (OCCAM) project model together with satellite-derived sea ice motion vectors to examine the potential roles of the ocean and sea ice in maintaining the observed circumpolar krill distribution. We show that the Antarctic Coastal Current is likely to be important in generating the large-scale distribution and that sea ice motion can substantially modify the ocean transport pathways, enhancing retention or dispersal depending upon location. Within the major krill region of the Scotia Sea, the effect of temporal variability in both the ocean and sea ice velocity fields is examined. Variability in sea ice motion increases variability of influx to South Georgia, at times concentrating the influx into pulses of arrival. This variability has implications for the ecosystem around the island. The inclusion of sea ice motion leads to the identification of source regions for the South Georgia krill populations additional to those identified when only ocean motion is considered. This study indicates that the circumpolar oceanic circulation and interaction with sea ice is important in determining the large-scale distribution of krill and its associated variability.  相似文献   

7.
南极考察航线跨越全球多个大洋,对认识超微型浮游生物在全球尺度分布及变化具有重要意义。依托中国第33次南极考察,利用流式细胞仪对航线海表水样中的超微型浮游生物进行了现场测定。结果表明,在热带与温带海域,超微型浮游生物量可占总叶绿素a浓度的60%以上,在南大洋则集中在15%～40%;原绿球藻主要分布在40°S以北海域,聚球藻主要分布在50°S以北海域,而超微型真核藻类和异养细菌则在沿线各海域均有明显分布。在纬向上,原绿球藻、聚球藻、超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(5.50±9.09)×103 cells/mL、(13.56±20.33)×103 cells/mL、(3.87±3.08)×103 cells/mL和(6.39±4.78)×105 cells/mL;南大洋海域,超微型真核藻类和异养细菌的平均丰度分别为(3.31±1.46)×103 cells/mL和(4.68±4.39)×105 cells/mL,在少数站位检测到较低丰度的聚球藻,平均值...  相似文献   

8.
Seismic surveys are frequently a matter of concern regarding their potentially negative impacts on marine mammals. In the Southern Ocean, which provides a critical habitat for several endangered cetacean species, seismic research activities are undertaken at a circumpolar scale. In order to minimize impacts of these surveys, pre-cruise planning requires detailed, spatio-temporally resolved knowledge on the likelihood of encountering these species in the survey area. In this publication we present predictive habitat modelling as a potential tool to support decisions for survey planning. We associated opportunistic sightings (2005–2011) of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae, N=93) and Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis, N=139) with a range of static and dynamic environmental variables. A maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) was used to develop habitat models and to calculate daily basinwide/circumpolar prediction maps to evaluate how species-specific habitat conditions evolved throughout the spring and summer months. For both species, prediction maps revealed considerable changes in habitat suitability throughout the season. Suitable humpback whale habitat occurred predominantly in ice-free areas, expanding southwards with the retreating sea ice edge, whereas suitable Antarctic minke whale habitat was consistently predicted within sea ice covered areas. Daily, large-scale prediction maps provide a valuable tool to design layout and timing of seismic surveys as they allow the identification and consideration of potential spatio-temporal hotspots to minimize potential impacts of seismic surveys on Antarctic cetacean species.  相似文献   

9.
The macrozooplankton of the Cosmonaut Sea, Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, were investigated during the austral summers (January/February) of 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990. Macrozooplankton samples were collected with Bongo and MT nets in the top 200 m of the water column, along with integrated temperature and salinity. Multivariate analysis of macrozooplankton density data identified a consistent division between the assemblage structure of the neritic and oceanic zones, the latter being characterized by a number of species unique to the continental shelf including Euphausia crystallorophias, Pleuragramma antarcticum and Notothenia kempi. Samples collected in the oceanic zone were all located within the Coastal Current (CC), south of the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). However, in both 1987 and 1988 water masses of ACC origin had been injected into the CC. These intrusions were an important but inter-annually variable source of mesoscale spatial variability, being associated with distinct macrozooplankton assemblage structure and densities. Inter-annually there was considerable variation in macrozooplankton densities and biomass. Densities, dominated by Eukrohnia hamata, Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia superba (krill), averaged ∼250 ind.1000 m−3 from 1987 to 1989, but reached >750 ind.1000 m−3 in 1990, largely due to higher densities of E. hamata. Biomass was dominated by krill, and total levels reflected the decline in biomass of this species from 1986 to 1990. A number of significant correlations were identified between species densities and temperature and/or salinity. However, the wide biogeographic ranges of most species indicated that these correlations were largely spurious. Overall, the differences between macrozooplankton assemblages in ACC and CC water masses within years, and the differences in macrozooplankton densities between years, most likely reflected the different histories of spatially or temporally separated water masses that were structured by a combination of bottom-up and top-down processes. Comparison of the data from this study with other regions in the Antarctic demonstrated that there is considerable circumpolar consistency in the taxonomic composition of Antarctic macrozooplankton communities, although the densities and proportional contribution of species varies both spatially and temporally. The occurrence of a krill-dominated assemblage, characterized by low densities of other species, indicates that this species has a significant top-down impact on zooplankton communities. The spatial and temporal variation in krill biomass may therefore be a significant determinant of both mesoscale and circumpolar variation in the contribution of other taxonomic groups to Antarctic zooplankton assemblages. Locally, the decline in krill biomass in the Cosmonaut Sea between 1987 and 1990 indicated a weaker connection with the Cooperation Sea to the east, where the opposite trend was observed, than previously thought. Separation between these two seas is probably facilitated in part by the anti-cyclonic gyres observed in both regions.  相似文献   

10.
Siphonophores are commonly considered to be useful indicators of water masses and water-mass movement, but their employment as such across the wider Southern Ocean has not so far been attempted. We redress this here using archived samples, collected during January–February 1993 along a transect from Cape Town to the South African National Antarctic Expedition (SANAE) base in Antarctica, and compare the patterns generated with those determined from a prior analysis of whole assemblages at lower taxonomic resolution. Twenty-one species were identified from 18 of the original 53 samples collected, and two distinct assemblages were confirmed as separated by the Sub-Antarctic Front. That to the south was characterised by low diversity and high abundance and was dominated by cold-water specialists, whereas that to the north comprised a larger number of subtropical and temperate species at low abundance. Assemblage structure was strongly influenced by the mixed layer depth, sea surface salinity and chlorophyll a concentration, as well as mesozooplankton biomass. Congruence with the whole-assemblage study was high, indicating that this taxon can be suitably employed as a proxy in studies such as this. The study emphasises the value of archived plankton samples and makes a plea for better curation.  相似文献   

11.
夏季南黄海浮游动物分布及其影响因素分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
王晓  王宗灵  蒲新明  刘萍 《海洋学报》2013,35(5):147-155
基于2006年7-8月在南黄海西部 (32°~37°N,124°E以西) 进行的137个站位的浮游动物大面调查,研究了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种及生态环境指示种的分布及影响因素。结果显示,浮游动物种类组成较以往多,中华哲水蚤对浮游动物丰度贡献最高,超过50%,生物量也明显高于以往,本研究胶质性浮游动物生物量超过非胶质性浮游动物。优势种组成差别不大,中华哲水蚤存在2个丰度高值区,一个位于叶绿素a浓度较低的黄海冷水团内,一个位于海区南部;强壮滨箭虫出现频率最高,高丰度区与中华哲水蚤不同,主要位于山东半岛南岸至海州湾外侧;细足法鲹主要分布在34°N以北的冷水团范围内,在盐度低于31的海区几乎绝迹;太平洋磷虾主要分布在33°~35°N的深水区。暖水种精致真刺水蚤和肥胖软箭虫在海区南部较多,与北向的长江冲淡水和台湾暖流有关,其分布北限受到南向的苏北沿岸流和黄海冷水团的影响,这两种浮游动物在南黄海的分布可以反映上述海流的相互作用。  相似文献   

12.
The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Type I was first used in Antarctic waters during the 1925–1927 Discovery Expedition, and has been used successfully for 70 years to monitor plankton in the North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. Sixty-five years later the CPR as a Type II version returned to Antarctic waters when the Australian Antarctic Division initiated a survey of the Southern Ocean on RSV Aurora Australis south of Australia and west to Mawson. The objectives are to study regional, seasonal, interannual and long-term variability in zooplankton abundance, species composition and community patterns, as well as the annual abundance and distribution of krill larvae. The survey covers a large area from 60°E to 160°E, and south from about 48°S to the Antarctic coast—an area of more than 14 million km2. Tows are conducted throughout the shipping season, normally September to April, but occasionally as early as July (midwinter). The large areal and temporal scale means that it is difficult to separate temporal and geographical variation in the data. Hence, CPRs are now also towed on the Japanese icebreaker Shirase in collaboration with the Japanese Antarctic programme. Shirase has a fixed route and time schedule, travelling south on 110°E in early December and north on 150°E in mid-March each year, and will serve as an important temporal reference for measuring long-term interannual variability and to help interpret the Australian data. Since 1991, over 90 tows have been made, providing over 36,000 nautical miles of records. The most successful seasons to date have been the 1997/1998, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 austral summers with 20, 31 and 26 tows, respectively. The 1999/2000 season included a unique, nearly simultaneous three-ship crossing of the Southern Ocean along 25° 30’E, 110°E and 157°E. Typical CPR tows show very high abundance of zooplankton in the uppermost 20 m of the permanently open ocean zone between the sea-ice zone and the Sub-Antarctic Front; this is an area thought to be oligotrophic. Appendicularians and small calanoid and cyclopoid copepods dominate the plankton. By comparison the surface waters of the sea-ice zone have low species diversity and abundances. Zooplankton data, and hence distribution patterns, can be time- and geo-coded to GPS data and environmental data collected by the ships’ underway monitoring system (e.g. fluorescence, water temperature, salinity, and meteorological data).  相似文献   

13.
The species composition, density, biomass, and distribution of zooplankton of the northeastern Sakhalin shelf, Sea of Okhotsk (Chaivo, Pil’tunskii, and Morskoi regions) were studied in October 2014. Zooplankton was represented by 15 taxonomic groups, which were dominated by Copepoda (13 species). The average density and biomass was highest in the Chaivo region (14112 ± 4322 ind./m3, 395 ± 107 mg/m3) and in the Pil’tunskii region (16692 ± 10707 ind./m3, 346 ± 233 mg/m3); the abundance of detected taxonomic groups was minimal (8–12). The average density and biomass of zooplankton was up to 4304 ± 2441 ind./m3, 133 ± 77 mg/m3 in the Morskoi region and increased with depth; the abundance of taxa was maximum (15). Four species of copepods made up the majority of the density and biomass of zooplankton: Acartia hudsonica, Eurytemora herdmani, Pseudocalanus newmani, and Oithona similis. In the Chaivo region, species of the genera Acartia, Eurytemora, and Oithona dominated and subdominated; in Pil’tunskii region, species of the genera Acartia and Oithona dominated and subdominated; and in the Morskoi region, species of the genera Oithona, Pseudocalanus, and Acartia dominated and subdominated.  相似文献   

14.
We examined the large-scale distribution of deep-sea harpacticoid copepods at the species level, in order to clarify the underlying processes of copepod dispersal. The study was based on samples collected from 12 regions and a total of 113 stations: 57 stations at depths between 1107 and 5655 m on abyssal plains in the South and North Atlantic, Southern Ocean, southern Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean, and 56 stations above 900 m in the North Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean Sea.We chose the genus Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 as an ideal group to study the large-scale distribution of harpacticoid copepods in the deep oceans. Clear apomorphies and a comparatively large body size of about 1 mm allow rapid recognition of allied species in meiofauna samples. In addition, Mesocletodes represents more than 50% of the family Argestidae Por, 1986, one of the most abundant harpacticoid families in the deep sea.The geographical distributions of 793 adult females of Mesocletodes belonging to 61 species throughout the South and North Atlantic, Southern Ocean, southern Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and eastern Mediterranean Sea indicated that most species are cosmopolitan. Neither the topography of the sea bottom nor long distances seem to prevent species from dispersing. Passive transport by bottom currents after resuspension is likely the propulsive factor for the dispersal of Harpacticoida, while plate tectonics and movement of individuals in the sediment may play relatively minor roles.  相似文献   

15.
The Southern Ocean is characterized by the complex system of oceanic fronts that maintain the latitudinal zonality of biotopes. These fronts are boundaries of water masses with different hydrophysical characteristics. We explore the genetic differentiation of the dominant zooplankton species in regards to the complex hydrophysical zonality of the Southern Ocean. The barcoding region of mitochondrial CO1 gene was sequenced for three copepod species, Calanus simillimus, Rhincalanus gigas, and Metridia lucens. These species are the most abundant in the Southern Ocean and form the basis of the zooplankton community. Genetic differentiation was found neither for Calanus simillimus nor for Rhincalanus gigas. The mitochondrial haplotypes of Metridia lucens cluster in two genetically distant groups (Subantarctic and Antarctic) found together only in the Polar Front Zone.  相似文献   

16.
Despite much research on Euphausia superba, estimates of their total biomass and production are still very uncertain. Recently, circumpolar krill databases, combined with growth models and revisions in acoustics have made it possible to refine previous estimates. Net-based databases of density and length frequency (KRILLBASE) yield a summer distributional range of ～19×106 km2 and a mean total abundance of 8×1014 post-larvae with biomass of 379 million tonnes (Mt). These values are based on a standardised net sampling method but they average over the period 1926–2004, during which krill abundance has fluctuated. To estimate krill biomass at the end of last century we combined the KRILLBASE map of relative krill density around Antarctica with an acoustics-derived biomass estimate of 37.3 Mt derived for the Scotia Sea area in 2000 by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Thus the CCAMLR 2000 survey area contains 28% of the total stock, with total biomass of ～133 Mt in January–February 2000. Gross postlarval production is estimated conservatively at 342–536 Mt yr?1, based on three independent methods. These are high values, within the upper range of recent estimates, but consistent with the concept of high energy throughput for a species of this size. The similarity between the three production estimates reflects a broad agreement between the three growth models used, plus the fact that, for a given population size, production is relatively insensitive to the size distribution of krill at the start of the growth season. These production values lie within the envelope of what can be supported from the Southern Ocean primary production system and what is required to support an estimated predator consumption of 128–470 Mt yr?1. Given the range of recent acoustics estimates, plus the need for precautionary management of the developing krill fishery, our net-based data provide an alternative estimate of total krill biomass.  相似文献   

17.
The composition, distribution, abundance, biomass and size structure of mesozooplankton, collected using Bongo nets in the top 300 m layer along a transect between the Antarctic continent and Cape Town, were investigated during the second South African Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Study (SAAMES II) in Jan.–Feb. 1993. Small (<10 mm) and medium (20–50 mm) size groups of zooplankton consistently dominated across the Southern Ocean. The highest zooplankton densities were recorded at the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and at the Subtropical Convergence (STC). Minor peaks in zooplankton densities were observed in the southern vicinity of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and APF. Elevated zooplankton stocks were also found within the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) and the Polar Frontal Zone. The lowest densities were recorded in the permanently open zone (MIZ–APF) and in the Subantarctic zone (SAF–STC). Copepods were generally important along the entire transect and formed the bulk of zooplankton stock within the MIZ and in the Polar Frontal Zone (APF–SAF), accounting for at least 40–95% of total abundance and biomass. Euphausiids were also a prominent group along the transect. Their contribution was highest (up to 80% of total biomass) between the MIZ and the APF, mainly because of the occurrence of swarms of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Tunicates, Pyrosoma sp. and Salpa fusiformis, were found in great numbers only in the region of the STC and further north, while Salpa thompsoni was abundant at the southern boundary of the APF. Chaetognaths dominated samples numerically and by mass in the Subantarctic Zone. Results obtained from cluster and ordination analyses show that zooplankton community structure was well correlated with the position of various biogeographical zones separated by the main frontal systems of the Southern Ocean. Two major groupings of stations, separated by the SAF, were identified in these analyses. This front separated the Antarctic and the subantarctic/subtropical assemblages, confirming its important role as a biogeographical boundary.  相似文献   

18.
2001/2002年夏季南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的浮游植物   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文
报道了 2 0 0 1 /2 0 0 2年夏季南极普里兹湾邻近海域 3 7个大面测站浮游植物的调查结果。经初步鉴定共有浮游植物 3门 3 7属 86种 ,其中硅藻在种类和细胞丰度上占绝对优势 ,其次为甲藻。主要优势种为克格伦拟脆杆藻 (Fragilariopsiskerguelensis)、细条伪菱形藻 (Pseu do nitzschialineola)、短拟脆杆藻 (Fragilariopsiscurta)和赖氏束盒藻 (Trichotoxonreinboldii)等南极特有种类和常见种类。调查区浮游植物分为两个群集 ,分布在 6 7°S以南的普里兹湾内的群集主要以克格伦拟脆杆藻、短拟脆杆藻、胡克星脐藻 (Asteromphalushookeri)和南极弯角藻 (Eu campiaantarctica)等南极特有种类和常见种类为主 ;分布在 6 7°S以北的大洋海域的群集主要以细条伪菱形藻、赖氏束盒藻、拟膨胀伪菱形藻 (Pseudo nitzschiaturgiduloides)和羽状环毛藻(Corethronpennatum)等南极常见种为主。调查区浮游植物的平均细胞丰度为 (8796± 2 92 85 )ind/L ,细胞多分布于海水的表层 ,密集区分布在 6 7°S以南的普里兹湾内 ,浮游植物的细胞丰度同硝酸盐的浓度密切相关。调查区浮游植物的多样性程度是低的。  相似文献   

19.
In February and April 2000, in the Southern Ocean between Africa and Antarctica, the concentration of chlorophyll (C chs) in the surface layer was not high (0.1–0.3 mg/m3). The zones of increased C chs values (0.6–2.0 and over 2.0 mg/m3) were located between the Southern Subtropical and Subantarctic fronts, near the Polar front, and to the south of the Antarctic Divergence. From February to April, in the open areas of the Southern Ocean, a general C chs decrease was observed. A similar trend was also noted in the near-shore seas of the East Antarctic. At the shelf of the Sea of Cosmonauts, within the upper mixed layer, the content of chlorophyll amounted to 0.34–0.37 mg/m3. In the area of the continental slope, we registered the formation of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (0.52–0.56 mg/m3) at a 20-m depth, which deepened to 70 m when passing to the deep-water area. The positive correlation with a high coefficient (r = 0.939) between the field and satellite data (C chs and C sat, respectively) allows one to conclude about the applicability of the SeaWiFS algorithm for the estimation of the chlorophyll content within the surface layer in the Antarctic areas studied. In the course of the ice formation in Prydz Bay, during five days, the content of chlorophyll in different phases of the new ice increased by a factor of 2.9, whereas the values of this parameter in the surrounding waters remained quite invariable. The C sat values were 6.3 times as high as those obtained experimentally for the sludge ice. Because of the large areas occupied by floating ice, the sole usage of satellite data may cause great errors in the productivity estimation of the East Antarctic seas.  相似文献   

20.
Signature lipid/fatty acid and stomach content analyses were used in combination to examine the feeding ecology of Todarodes filippovae, an abundant oceanic squid with a broad circumpolar distribution in continental slope waters in the Southern Ocean. Both techniques show a diet that is closely linked to prey availability and abundance, with some specialisation occurring for Myctophid fishes which dominated the diet numerically and taxonomically. Mean monthly differences in total lipid content of the digestive gland correlated with satellite-derived sea surface chlorophyll, illustrating that the diet is closely linked to short-term (monthly) temporal changes of primary productivity. Multidimensional scaling analysis of prey and T. filippovae signature fatty acid profiles revealed apparent intra-specific predator to prey relationships. Significant season versus site interactions for various lipid classes and fatty acids were observed, further indicating that temporal dietary shifts are related to site-specific oceanography and ecosystem structure (prey composition and/or productivity). Comparing fatty acid profiles with other Southern Ocean squid species, interspecific similarities and differences in diet composition were evident. Results demonstrate that signature lipid profiling of squid can be used as a complimentary or even alternative and cost effective tool to examine key changes in prey-community structure and ecosystem productivity. Such knowledge is fundamental to better understanding the effects of environmental perturbations from fisheries, climate change and pollution.  相似文献   

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