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The Kachchh region of Gujarat, India bore the brunt of a disastrous earthquake of magnitude Mw = 7.6 that occurred on January 26, 2001. The major cause of failure of various structures including earthen dams was noted to be the presence of liquefiable alluvium in the foundation soil. Results of back-analysis of failures of Chang, Tappar, Kaswati and Rudramata earth dams using pseudo-static limit equilibrium approach presented in this paper confirm that the presence of liquefiable layer contributed to lesser factors of safety leading to a base type of failure that was also observed in the field. Following the earthquake, earth dams have been rehabilitated by the concerned authority and it is imperative that the reconstructed sections of earth dams be reanalyzed. It is also increasingly realized that risk assessment of dams in view of the large-scale investment made and probabilistic analysis is necessary. In this study, it is demonstrated that the probabilistic approach when used in conjunction with deterministic approach helps in providing a rational solution for quantification of safety of the dam and in the estimation of risk associated with the dam construction. 相似文献
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关于厂坝联合作用对重力坝坝基抗滑稳定的影响一直是水利水电工程中比较关注的问题。针对这一问题,结合金安桥水电站重力坝工程,通过弹塑性有限元方法和坝基抗滑稳定系数的计算进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,对于水电站的河床坝段,不论是通过传统研究方法 法,超载法还是强度储备安全系数计算方法,都说明通过厂坝联合的共同作用,可有效地提高坝基浅层抗滑稳定性能,但提高效果不很明显。另外,采用厂坝联合作用后,可有效地降低坝体内的最大压应力和拉应力,使坝体内的应力分布更加均匀,可使厂坝连接处的发电进水钢管的挠度曲线比较光滑连续,减小了因挠度突变而产生不利的附加应力,有利于发电进水钢管的正常安全运行。 相似文献
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复杂地质条件下多结构面对重力坝坝基稳定性的影响及处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
武都重力坝坝基地质条件复杂,发育有断层、层间错动带等多种不利地质构造,且结构面相互交错组合形成多条潜在滑移面,坝基深层抗滑稳定问题突出。为了研究多结构面对坝基深层抗滑稳定的影响及加固处理,结合武都重力坝19#坝段,建立了三维数值模型进行有限元分析。首先,对坝基中各软弱结构面的力学参数进行敏感性分析,研究影响坝基稳定的主要因素,揭示了坝踵处倾向下游的10f2、F31断层对坝基抗滑稳定影响较大,应进行重点加固处理。在该基础上,在断层10f2、F31拟定不同深度的混凝土置换,对断层置换混凝土的深度进行敏感性分析,得出不同置换深度下坝基的超载稳定安全系数。结果表明,断层10f2、F31的置换深约19 m时可以达到良好的加固效果,位移和应力值得到良好的改善,坝基塑性区域明显减小,抗滑稳定安全系数得到明显提高,并满足设计规范要求。研究成果对武都重力坝工程的加固处理提供了重要的科学依据,对类似工程的稳定分析与加固处理具有参考价值。 相似文献
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地震工况下坝坡的抗滑安全系数取值标准研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震工况下的坝坡抗滑稳定性核算一直是大坝安全性评价的重要环节,采用科学合理的计算方法是评价坝坡安全性的基本保证。本文从概率极限分析的角度探讨了坝坡稳定性可靠度分析的概率意义,提出了将地震发生当做概率事件的坝坡可靠度计算方法。为验证将地震超越概率纳入坝坡稳定分析中的合理性,本文通过两个典型算例和小浪底坝坡典型剖面的抗滑稳定性分析研究了坝坡在地震工况下的单一安全系数与可靠指标的变化规律。研究结果表明在坝坡稳定分析中引入超越概率计算所得结果与工程实际相符,与以往的将地震发生当做确定性事件计算方法相比,该方法显著提高了坝坡的可靠指标值;比较可靠指标与单一安全系数的取值标准显示出在坝坡稳定分析中合理地引入地震概率分析方法能够保证坝坡在地震和正常工况下有相近的可靠指标值 相似文献
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针对土坡稳定体系可靠度分析问题,提出了一种分析方法框架,包括采用缩减方差抽样技术生成随机变量样本值、采用全局优化算法搜索边坡最小安全系数、采用Monte-Carlo法计算边坡体系可靠度3个主要部分。在此框架下,建立了一种较为简便实用的高土石坝坝坡稳定体系可靠度分析方法。该方法采用拉丁超立方抽样技术生成随机变量的样本值,再用商业软件STAB搜索相应的坝坡最小安全系数,最后用可靠指标法或Monte-Carlo法计算坝坡体系可靠度。工程算例表明,筑坝材料强度参数的随机不确定性对坝坡临界滑弧的位置影响较大,坝坡稳定体系可靠度小于单一滑动面的坝坡稳定最小可靠度,提出的方法可用于实际工程坝坡稳定体系可靠度分析。 相似文献
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考虑饱和-非饱和渗流的土坡极限分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
给出了均质土坝的下游坝坡的安全系数的计算方法。均质土坝的下游坝坡有可能会通过滑裂面发生破坏。土坝中的土坡通常处于非饱和状态。非饱和土坡的安全系数计算需要考虑吸力对抗剪强度的贡献以及土坡中的非饱和渗流。给出处于饱和-非饱和渗流状态下的土坡的安全系数,有助于评价均质土坝的安全系数。下游坝坡的安全系数计算方法有：极限平衡法、上限解法和下限解法,该算法适用于非饱和土坡,且是在饱和土坡安全系数的计算方法上修正得到的。算例中非饱和土坡安全系数的计算考虑了吸力对抗剪强度的贡献。考虑非饱和渗流理论的土坡安全系数计算方法通常更加接近现场实际情况,并且对于同一坝坡,考虑非饱和渗流计算出的土坡安全系数要比饱和渗流理论计算出的安全系数大。 相似文献
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The present study focuses on the emergency response measures for landslide dams. This work presents a series of centrifuge model tests conducted on the draining processes of barrier dams that are based on the grain composition of the Tangjiashan landslide dam. The effects of diversion channels with trapezoid, triangular, and compound sections on the discharge, process, and size of the residual dam are discussed. The characteristics of the flow erosion during the process of discharge in the different channels are analyzed based on hydrodynamics. The results suggest that a diversion channel with a compound section has a higher initial discharge efficiency and lower peak flow, and the flow process curve corresponds to a “chunky-type.” The draining from this type of a diversion channel could clearly reduce the flood pressure of the river downstream and make the entire process smoother. Thus, the excavation of a diversion channel with a compound section is an efficient and safe method for landslide dam emergency mitigation. 相似文献
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基于SPA的喀斯特地区水安全评价——以贵州省为例 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
根据目前公认的水安全内涵,将水安全分为三个子系统。水资源子系统、水环境子系统和水灾害子系统。三者相互联系、相互作用,形成了复杂、时变的水安全系统。基于水安全的基本原理和喀斯特区域特有的水循环机理,依据 “驱动力（D）—压力（P）—状态（S）—影响（I）—响应（R）”模型建立了贵州省喀斯特区域水安全评价指标体系。基于集对分析理论,引入能够体现系统确定性和不确定性的同异反联系度计算公式,建立了城市水安全的评价模型。将集对分析法运用到水安全的评价中, 可以先通过计算评价样本与评价指标之间的联系度对样本作初步的排序, 再对样本作进一步的同一、差异、对立的集对分析,以判断出评价样本的等级。研究结果表明:（1）在水资源安全状态方面,贵州省9个州市中4个处于安全状态,2个处于基本安全状态,2个处于不安全状态,1个处于危机状态;（2）在水环境安全状态方面,2个处于安全状态,4个处于基本安全,3个处于不安全;（3）在水灾害安全状态方面,1个处于非常安全,4个处于安全,1个处于基本安全,2个处于不安全,1个处于危机;（4）在水安全综合状态下,有3个处于安全状态,有4个处于基本安全状态,有2个处于不安全状态,没有处于非常安全和危机状态。 相似文献
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坝基变形是引起坝基失稳的一个重要因素,但在研究坝基稳定性的过程中,坝基变形并未得到充分重视。关键点的合理选取是正确使用坝基变形特点研究坝基稳定性的前提,在对向家坝泄12坝段深层抗滑稳定进行非线性有限元分析时,对关键点的选取进行了有益的探索并提出了选取方法和关键部位的概念,即起主要抗滑作用的部位。通过研究各关键部位关键点的变形特点,根据关键部位在抗滑过程中的重要性并结合屈服区的发展,从不同的安全层面研究了重力坝深层抗滑稳定的安全度,并给出合理的处于极限状态的强度储备系数及其下限值,这种研究重力坝深层抗滑稳定的方法具有自己的特色。 相似文献
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Society requires increasingly that the hazard and risk associated with engineered constructions be quantified. The current paper presents geotechnical hazard assessment in the context of a risk framework. Concepts of uncertainties, reliability, safety and risk are briefly reviewed. The use of the approach is exemplified for offshore facilities, including piled foundations, jack-up structures, gravity foundations and underwater slopes. The applications demonstrate that probabilistic analyses complement the conventional deterministic safety factor and deformation-based analyses, and contribute to achieving a safe and optimum design. The probabilistic approach adds value to the results with a modest additional effort. The conclusions emphasize the usefulness of a risk assessment, the importance of engineering judgement in the assessment and the need for involving multi-disciplinary competences to achieve reliable estimates of hazard and risk. The profession can only gain by implementing probabilistic-based thinking and risk-based approaches more systematically than before. 相似文献
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从概率的观点出发,结合确定性矢量和安全系数方法,对设计基准期内随机地震条件下的重力坝岸坡坝段动力抗滑稳定性评估方法问题进行了初步探讨。首先,基于确定性动力时程分析法,得出坝段抗滑矢量和安全度时程曲线,评价一次确定性设计地震作用下的坝体稳定;然后,考虑基准期设计烈度下地震的随机性,进行坝体动力稳定的可靠度分析。通过Gram-Charlier级数拟合法和随机加权最大熵法,得到坝体动力稳定安全度时变曲线中最小值的概率分布函数及其动力可靠度;最后,结合确定性和概率性分析结果,综合评价设计基准期内地震作用下的坝体抗滑稳定性。工程实例分析结果表明,采用确定性与概率性结合的互补方法,能够进一步认识动力稳定分析中安全裕度的合理性评价问题,进而更加合理地评估整个设计基准期内重力坝的动力抗滑稳定性。 相似文献
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以张家湾水库大坝为例,运用有限单元法对除险加固后均质土坝的渗流进行分析计算,同时运用瑞典圆弧滑动法和简化Bishop法对均质土坝的坝体稳定进行分析计算,在此基础上对水库大坝进行了渗流安全评价和稳定安全评价. 相似文献
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渗流作用下软基心墙坝稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于心墙坝的渗流特性建立了渗流分析模型和坝坡渗透稳定分析模型,并进一步考虑坝下软土地基的压缩特性提出了与当前应力状态有关的软土层渗流分析模型,将所建模型应用于某水利枢纽主土坝典型软基断面不同运行工况的计算,详细分析了心墙的防渗作用和软土层变形对渗透稳定的不良影响。 相似文献
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S. G. Kovalev V. N. Puchkov S. I. Vysotsky S. S. Kovalev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,482(2):1270-1274
New data on the presence of “old” zircons in magmatic rocks of the Shatak Complex have been obtained. This suggests that the evolution of melts in intermediate magma chambers was controlled by the AFC process, in which the liquidus phases (olivine ± clinopyroxene) fractionated, the fluid phases accumulated in the apical part of the chamber, and the host rocks were partly assimilated. Hence, the “old” zircons were entrained from the Archaean–Paleoproterozoic granite–gneiss substrate and trapped by the melt during crustal contamination. 相似文献
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The problem of dam safety is one of the most important research topics of water conservancy projects, and many researchers pay much attention to study the risk of earth dam overtopping. This paper synthesizes in the definition of risk the probabilities of dam failure and the corresponding losses, including the probability estimation, losses evaluation and criteria exploring risk approaches. Then, a comprehensive risk assessment system of dam flood overtopping is established, which is widely applicable. Gate failure, randomness of flood, initial water level and time-varying effects are incorporated in the failure probability model. Many complex factors are simplified in losses estimation. In addition, thresholds of various types of losses are proposed and are adapted to the national conditions. The methodology is applied to the Lianghekou hydropower station in China to illustrate the assessment process of flood overtopping risk and to evaluate its safe loophole with a view to the failure of spillway gates. Monte Carlo simulation and JC method programs are adopted to solve the model based on MATLAB tools and DELPHI. The results show that the losses pose significant impact on the risk assessment and should be considered in the assessment of risk. Probability calculation and loss estimation could be well combined with standards, providing a basis for risk management and decision-making. 相似文献
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Embankment dams are important and costly civil engineering structures that provide an essential infrastructure for the management of water. One of the critical aspects of dam design is the analysis of stability and safety of the earth structure under various operating and environmental conditions. Traditionally, a deterministic approach is used for such analysis. However, the determination of variables such as soil strength parameters, pore pressure and other pertinent properties involves uncertainties, which cannot be handled in the traditional deterministic methods. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop a reliability based analytical/numerical methodology for stability analysis of dams taking into account these uncertainties. Reliability and probability theories are developed in this paper for assessing the reliability index and the corresponding probability of failure of multi-layered embankment dams and slopes. Two definitions were used to calculate the reliability index (i.e. the normal distribution and the log–normal distribution). The computer program
was developed and validated by the Congress Street open cut failure case. The developed approach was used to study the stability of the King Talal embankment dam. The results are discussed and conclusions drawn. 相似文献
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为了科学评价煤层重复采动对拟建水渠工程安全性的影响程度,围绕"采煤安全"、"水渠安全运行"这两条主线,在现场调研的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟和概率积分法等手段,对重复采动影响下水渠的变形特征进行了分析评价。首先从地层的工程地质结构、水文地质结构、力学结构和开采结构4方面分析了岩土体的结构特征,利用FLAC3D对各煤层开采引发的导水裂隙带发育高度的变化规律进行了模拟分析,同时,根据地表移动和变形预计结果,分析了重复开采引发的地表下沉、倾斜变形及水平变形对水渠坝体的影响。结果表明:多煤层开采后导水裂隙带不会波及到水渠内的地表水,不会影响采煤安全;重复采动会引起水渠不同程度的沉降,堤体地面标高由69.34 m沉降至65.50 m,沉降后的堤体顶面比设计水面降低了1.94 m,过水断面由580 m2减少至196 m2,设计流量将损失66%,对水渠安全运行构成影响。 相似文献