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1.
针对以粗粒土为代表的软弱层带在水电、铁路等交通领域对边坡及洞室围岩稳定性的控制,结合某水电工程坝区,分别对岩块岩屑型和岩屑夹泥型两种软弱夹层,在考虑一定围压作用下进行了天然含水状态和饱水状态的现场直剪试验.结果显示,剪应力-剪切位移曲线饱水前、后均呈现出微弱的峰值,整体均表现为塑性破坏特征,饱水前、后发生屈服前的剪切位移分别为5 mm和10 mm以内.在强度参数上,两类夹层饱水前、后峰值强度内摩擦系数降低幅度一般在8%～10%,残余强度一般降低5%以内.表明以粗粒土为代表的软弱层带由于细粒(＜0.075 mm)物质少,细粒起不到包裹粗颗粒而作为润滑作用,同时因围压效应,饱水对其强度参数的影响有限,因此不同含水状态对该类软弱层带内摩擦角和内聚力均无显著影响,其强度参数主要还是取决于夹层本身的颗粒成分. 相似文献
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无泥型软弱层带物理性质的围压效应 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
通过对外于围压状态下无泥软弱层带物理性质现场试验结果及其所赋存的应力场分析,并结合同类型扰动试样室内围限（固结）试验结果,表明围压（限）作用对无泥型软弱层带物理性质的控制作用,如同含泥型夹层,也是极为显著的。 相似文献
3.
《山地学报》2016,(1)
雪崩灾害严重地威胁着山地旅游滑雪以及山区公路安全。因此,开展雪崩的预测预警研究很有必要,尤其是北京张家口联合申办2022年冬奥会成功,滑雪场雪层的安全性必将成为举办者必须考虑的问题。雪崩的预测预警与地形、气象因子和积雪关系密切。雪崩形成区的坡度大多在30~45°,坡形态、地面粗糙度和下垫面也会对雪崩产生影响。气象因子中与雪崩有关的主要因子包括:新雪、风和气温,高的新雪降雪量和降雪密度可诱发新雪雪崩,风向风速决定了积雪的再分配,而气温对积雪的力学性质发挥着决定性作用。积雪中的连续性雪晶能形成软弱层,是雪崩发生的必要条件。雪崩形成的步骤为三步:软弱层破裂的产生、传播以及断裂的出现。其中软弱层中雪体低强度带对破裂的产生和传播发挥了关键性的作用。 相似文献
4.
通过对赋存于似层状结构玄武岩岩体中随机发育缓倾角软弱结构面的厚度、间距及连通状况的调查，分析了缓倾角软弱结构面对相应基本岩体强度参数各向异性的影响，并探讨了缓倾角软弱结构面连通率的求解方法，最后通过“连通率”和“厚度加权”法得到了水平和垂直的强度参数值。 相似文献
5.
目前,岩体边坡稳定性的分析多数采用极限平衡法将边坡一律按照刚体进行分析,没有考虑软弱夹层的影响,但对于岩体内部存在多个软弱带（层）的边坡看做是一个刚性体是不切合实际的,那如何考虑它们之间的相互作用,目前还是一个空白,没有这方面的研究。鉴于此,在塑性极限分析理论的基础上,将内部存在多个软弱带（层）的边坡视为刚塑性体,提出利用机动位移法、采用能量系数对存在单个或多个平面型软弱夹层的岩体边坡进行稳定性评价方法,并推导了相应计算公式,同时,利用典型实例进行了验证,并与传统的极限平衡法结果进行了对比,证明了该方法的可行性和实用性,具有很高的实用价值。 相似文献
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已有研究结果表明,强度相对较低的软弱夹层会对地震波产生吸收或强化作用,在一定程度上控制了斜坡的地震动力响应及变形破坏特征。试验以振动台为研究手段,设计并完成含不同厚度水平软弱夹层的两个单面斜坡概念模型。通过记录斜坡模型的变形破坏过程,分析其动力响应特征。试验结果表明,斜坡模型的变形破坏与地震动力参数密切相关:1.模型在正弦波激振下较天然波变形明显;2.合成向ZX、水平单向X和竖直单向Z的激振下,变形程度依次减弱;3.随着激振强度增加,变形破坏愈明显。两模型的变形破坏均出现在坡体中上部,且最大破坏深度距坡顶约50 cm。含薄夹层斜坡的破坏范围分布于整个中上部,坡顶近1/2发生变形和滑移破坏,呈现出"拉裂-剪切-滑移-碎屑流化"破坏模式,而含厚夹层斜坡的破坏范围仅集中于软弱夹层以上坡肩以下,两侧未达坡体边缘的局部范围,形成浅表的"凹岩腔",呈现出"震裂-剥落"破坏模式。在相同的加载条件下,含薄夹层斜坡变形破坏先于含厚夹层斜坡。试验模拟再现了含水平软弱夹层斜坡在强震作用下的变形破坏规律,为地震诱发次生地质灾害的研究和防治提供了有力的依据。 相似文献
9.
风沙流是大气边界层的典型气固两相流,输沙率对风速的响应滞后时间,被称为风沙流响应时间。通过野外测量发现风沙流响应时间与风速测量高度成正比,通过对瞬时风速进行信号分解并计算近地表输沙率与不同时间尺度风速信号之间的相关性,发现响应时间随风速频率的减小而增加。为进一步得到定量的规律,采用数值模拟的方法分析了周期来流风场中,风沙流响应时间随各种参数(周期\,湍流强度\,来流摩阻风速和测量高度等)的变化规律。模拟结果显示:响应时间与风速变化周期、来流摩阻风速成正比,与湍流强度和边界层高度成反比,输沙强度对跃移层外风速变化的响应时间沿高度先增加后减小。 相似文献
10.
巴丹吉林沙漠南部高大沙丘包气带水分空间分布特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
水是影响沙漠生态系统的主要因子,决定着多年生植物的种类和数量。受恶劣的自然条件和研究手段限制,目前对沙漠地区包气带水分时空动态变化的研究相对薄弱。以巴丹吉林沙漠南部湖泊密集区为研究对象,通过随机采样和同一坡向剖面采样,综合运用DCCA和地统计学分析方法,揭示0～10 m较深层包气带沙丘水分的空间变化规律和局部控制因子对包气带水分的影响。结果表明,0～10 m沙丘包气带水分变化曲线呈指数、对数和对数正态分布3种类型,分别受地下水或下伏黏土层的毛管作用、湖心距和综合地形因子控制;影响沙漠包气带水分空间变化的主要局部控制因子与小流域的研究结果差异显著。地形、植被等局部控制因子影响对数分布型包气带水分的深度为表层1 m,而影响对数正态分布型的深度为3～4 m;沙丘水分随相对湖面高程空间变化差异显著,而空间相关距离则不显著。 相似文献
11.
《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):250-283
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock. 相似文献
13.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):85-89
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献
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Raanan Katzir 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(6):0767-0768
Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing. 相似文献
16.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):94-129
Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan. 相似文献
17.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):85-94
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0002-I0003
1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical, 相似文献
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical, 相似文献
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