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1.
A modulus‐multiplier approach, which applies a reduction factor to the modulus of single pile p–y curves to account for the group effect, is presented for analysing the response of each individual pile in a laterally loaded pile group with any geometric arrangement based on non‐linear pile–soil–pile interaction. The pile–soil–pile interaction is conducted using a 3D non‐linear finite element approach. The interaction effect between piles under various loading directions is investigated in this paper. Group effects can be neglected at a pile spacing of 9 times the pile diameter for piles along the direction of the lateral load and at a pile spacing of 6 times the pile diameter for piles normal to the direction of loading. The modulus multipliers for a pair of piles are developed as a function of pile spacing for departure angle of 0, 90, and 180sup>/sup> with respect to the loading direction. The procedure proposed for computing the response of any individual pile within a pile group is verified using two well‐documented full‐scale pile load tests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the behavior of laterally loaded pile groups in sands with a rigid head and correlate the response of a pile group it to that of a single pile. For this purpose, a computationally intensive study using 3-D nonlinear numerical analysis was carried out for different pile group arrangements in sandy soils. The responses of the pile groups were compared to that of the single pile and the variation of the displacement amplification factor Ra was then quantified. The influence of the number of piles, the spacing, and the deflection level on the group response is discussed. A relationship for predicting the response of a pile group, based on its configuration and the response of a single pile, has been formulated allowing also for soil shear strength which was found to affect the group response. The relationship provides a reasonable prediction for various group configurations in sandy soils. 相似文献
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The response of laterally loaded pile foundations may be significantly important in the design of structures for such loads. A static horizontal pile load test is able to provide a load–deflection curve for a single free‐head pile, which significantly differs from that of a free‐ or fixed‐head pile group, depending on the particular group configuration. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the interaction between the piles of a group fixed in a rigid pile cap on both the lateral load capacity and the stiffness of the group. For this purpose, a parametric three‐dimensional non‐linear numerical analysis was carried out for different arrangements of pile groups. The response of the pile groups is compared to that of the single pile. The influence of the number of piles, the spacing and the deflection level to the group response is discussed. Furthermore, the contribution of the piles constituting the group to the total group resistance is examined. Finally, a relationship is proposed allowing a reasonable prediction of the response of fixed‐head pile groups at least for similar soil profile conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Abdullah I. Al-Mhaidib 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):889-902
The behavior of pile groups in sand under different loading rates is investigated. A total of 60 tests were conducted in the
laboratory using model steel piles embedded in a medium dense sand. The model piles have an outside diameter of 25 mm and
embedment length of 500 mm. Five different configurations of pile groups (2 × 1, 3 × 1, 2 × 2, 2 × 3, 3 × 3) with center to
center spacing between the piles of 3d, 6d and 9d (d is the pile diameter) were tested. The piles were subjected to axial compressive loads under four different loading rates:
1.0, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05 mm/min. Test results indicated that the axial compressive capacity of pile group increases with the
loading rate such that the pile capacity versus logarithm of loading rate data plot approximately along a straight line. The
slope of this line increases as the number of piles in a group increases and it decreases by increasing the spacing between
piles in a group. 相似文献
6.
The method of “p–y” curves has been extensively used, in conjunction with simplified numerical methods, for the design and response evaluation of single piles. However, a straightforward application of the method to assess the response of pile groups is questionable when the group effect is disregarded. For this reason, the notion of p-multipliers has been therefore introduced to modify the “p–y” curves and account for pile group effect. The values proposed for p-multipliers result from pile group tests and are limited to the commonly applied spacing of 3.0 D and layout less than 3 × 3, restricting the applicability of the method to specific cases. With the aim of extending the applicability of the “p–y” method to pile groups, the authors have already proposed a methodology for estimating the “p G–y G” curves of soil resistance around a pile in a group for clayey soils. A complementary research allowing for the estimation of the “p G–y G” curves for sandy soils is presented in this paper. The well-known curves of soil resistance around the single pile in sandy soils are appropriately transformed to allow for the interaction effect between the piles in a group. Comparative examples validate the applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, the method can be straightforwardly extended to account for varying soil resistance, according to the particular location of a pile in a group. It can therefore be used in a most accurate manner in estimating the distribution of forces and bending moments along the characteristic piles of a group and therefore to design a pile foundation more accurately. 相似文献
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Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(12):1298-1320
An analytical approach using a Winkler model is investigated to provide analytical solutions of settlement of a rectangular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. For a vertically loaded pile with a rectangular cross section, the settlement influence factor of a normal pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from Mindlin's solution for elastic continuum analysis. For short piles with rectangular and circular cross sections, the modified forms of settlement influence factors of normal piles are produced taking into account the load transfer parameter proposed by Randolph for short circular piles. The modulus of subgrade reaction along a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is expressed by using the settlement influence factor related to Mindlin's solution to combine the elastic continuum approach with the subgrade‐reaction approach. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is available in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of settlement of soils surrounding a rectangular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's solution and both the equivalent thickness and the equivalent elastic modulus for layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of settlement between square and circular piles is insignificant, and the settlement of a rectangular pile decreases as the aspect ratio of the rectangular pile cross section increases. The comparison of results calculated by the present method for a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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螺旋群桩基础承载性状试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据螺旋群桩现场静载试验结果,分析了螺旋群桩基础承载性状的影响因素,讨论了极限荷载下群桩几何参数对螺旋群桩的桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的影响。结果表明,螺旋群桩承载性状受到相邻桩的叶片距离以及首层叶片到承台底面间的桩长度影响明显。在叶片桩距比（桩间距比叶片直径）小于2时,螺旋群桩静载试验的荷载-位移曲线呈缓变形,无明显的拐点,群桩破坏属于整体破坏。同时,螺旋桩的叶片有助于减小承台下桩间土变形活动区的高度,增强了桩-土-承台的相互作用,减小了群桩基础沉降量。 相似文献
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群桩荷载位移特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将杆系结构有限单元法与荷载传递迭代法相耦合,形成一桩基沉降分析计算的混合法。采用近似解析解中Randolph and Wroth’Model与双曲线模型相结合,模拟桩身与桩周介质边界上剪切滑移的非线性。桩间相互作用在采用弹性理论Mindlin方程解答计算,并考虑了桩间“加筋与遮帘”作用。桩周土介质非均质性特征,采用指数函数模拟。分析了刚性承台下群桩桩数、桩长、桩间距和桩土模量比等群桩工作特性的影响。尤其是桩台基础沉降对群桩相互作用影响机制的研究,对桥梁拼接等对桩基础沉降要求严格的工程有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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基坑开挖后坑底土体回弹,将会带动坑内基桩回弹,并在桩侧产生侧摩阻力。为了分析基坑开挖条件下单桩及群桩的受力变形特性,采用三维有限元方法对单桩及群桩在基坑开挖条件下的回弹位移进行了分析。分析结果表明,基桩在基坑开挖条件下的回弹位移分为桩侧土体回弹而引起的基桩回弹和下卧层回弹导致的基桩回弹两部分。由于群桩外侧桩的遮帘效应,中心桩的回弹位移小于外侧桩,中心桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥量也小于外侧桩。随下卧层相对刚度Eb/Ec变大,5×5群桩回弹位移相对减小量Wr变大,且Wr的变化与桩位置有关。3种不同构形群桩的对比分析结果表明:群桩桩数越多,遮帘效应越明显;Wr受桩数的影响大于受桩间距的影响。 相似文献
12.
目前在群桩设计中仍大多数采用均匀等长布桩的方法,这种方法在基础受力、变形等方面存在较大的缺陷。考虑增大群桩轴向刚度和减小群桩基础差异沉降的条件下,将群桩基础位移函数与桩长优化函数相结合,在对基础采取行变换、平面变换的方式下,通过设置不同的桩长比值ξ、连接曲率值η设定不同布桩方案,分析不同方案下群桩基础轴向刚度比、差异沉降比的变化规律;并利用数值模拟法对所得优化结果的可靠性进行验证。此外,针对不同桩土刚度比、不同桩间距对群桩基础的轴向刚度比和差异沉降比进行了参数分析。研究结果表明：不同群桩基础优化变换方式、不同桩长对群桩基础优化结果会产生不同的影响;当优化目的是为增加群桩基础刚度时,应主要考虑行变换的优化方式,当优化目的是为减小基础差异沉降时,应主要考虑平面变换的优化方式;基础轴向刚度比随着桩土刚度比的增加而增大,随着桩间距的减小而增大;基础差异沉降比随着桩土刚度比的增加而减小,随着桩间距的减小而减小。 相似文献
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A Winkler model approach for vertically and laterally loaded piles in nonhomogeneous soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(17):1869-1897
An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for the analysis of single piles and pile groups subjected to vertical and lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The load transfer parameter of a single pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement influence factor obtained from Mindlin's solution for an elastic continuum analysis, without using the conventional form of the load transfer parameter adopting the maximum radius of the influence of the pile proposed by Randolph and Wroth. The modulus of the subgrade reaction along the pile in nonhomogeneous soils is expressed by using the displacement influence factor related to Mindlin's equation for an elastic continuum analysis to combine the elastic continuum approach with the subgrade reaction approach. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a single pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation for each layer. Using the modulus of the subgrade reaction represented by the displacement influence factor related to Mindlin's solution for the lateral load, the relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for a single pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is available in the form of the recurrence equation. The comparison of the results calculated by the present method for single piles and pile groups in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the more rigorous finite element and boundary element methods. It is found that the present procedure gives a good prediction on the behavior of piles in nonhomogeneous soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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群桩中各基桩在地基土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,然而,在目前的桩基沉降理论与实践中,相关的研究仍显不足。基于剪切变形法理论,考虑桩的加筋与遮帘效应,求得各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下产生的沉降以及其引起相邻桩的附加沉降量,由此提出群桩中任两桩的相互作用系数简化公式,同时,也得到各基桩桩侧及桩端桩-土接触等效弹簧刚度,并基于荷载传递法原理,建立了成层地基条件下各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下的桩身位移平衡方程,推导出各土层层顶处桩身沉降、轴力与层底处桩身沉降、轴力之间的递推关系,进而将公式推广到高、低承台群桩基础计算中。工程算例分析表明,用该方法计算有较高的精度,求得的荷载-沉降曲线及两桩相互作用系数与实测值吻合较好;相互作用系数要明显小于弹性理论计算结果。 相似文献
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高承台群桩基础是高速铁路桥梁基础的一种常用形式,受到风、地震等荷载作用影响,常常需要承受较大的横向荷载。采用室内物理模型试验和三维有限元程序ABAQUS对软土地层中单桩、群桩的横向承载特性进行了研究,软土采用修正剑桥黏土本构模型,试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好。群桩研究方案包括了桩数的变化以及桩间距的变化。结果表明,群桩基础的基桩平均横向承载力（总承载力/桩数）较单桩基础显著增加,且水平荷载方向桩间距越大,其横向承载力越大;群桩基础基桩受力存在三维空间效应,不同位置基桩受力大小排序为角桩最大,其次为边桩,最小为中间桩,弯矩极值差异可达20%,群桩基础桩周土影响范围距外围基桩边缘净距离约为16D (D为桩径)。桩与桩相互影响效应对群桩水平承载不利,承台约束效应对水平承载有利。探讨了考虑上述两种效应的群桩效应系数计算方法,通过计算验证了该方法在软土地区高承台群桩基础横向承载力计算中的适用性。 相似文献
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在大桩径、小桩距的群桩条件下,不仅有来自桩侧、桩端和承台传递的多重应力叠加,还有群桩对桩间土的夹持作用影响,桩-土-承台之间作用更加复杂。用有限差分软件模拟固定桩距、桩径,变化竖向荷载下桩-土-承台的相互作用。从各层土的侧摩阻力、不同位置桩的桩顶荷载、荷载-沉降关系、桩间土体位移等方面的计算结果分析桩-土-承台之间的相互影响。结果表明,荷载超出117.8 MN（略大于Pu/2,Pu为群桩极限承载力）后,群桩对上部桩间土的夹持作用开始减小,桩侧上部侧摩阻力增大;桩侧下部侧摩阻力在多重应力叠加作用下呈减小趋势,不同位置的桩侧摩阻力影响范围有差异;用群桩沉降达到5%倍桩径时的荷载作为群桩的竖向极限承载力是可取的;当沉降与桩径的比值超出1%后,承台分担荷载的比例逐渐增大,群桩分担荷载的比例减小。 相似文献
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疏桩基础作为一种工期短、效果好的软土地基处理方式,在工程中的应用越来越广泛。考虑带桩帽的PTC（预应力混凝薄壁管桩）刚性桩桩侧摩阻力分布规律,将桩侧摩阻力假定为2个三角形拼合的分布形式。联合应用Mindlin-Geddes解答及Boussinesq解答,推导出了疏桩补偿地基中的附加应力的计算公式。结合具体算例,计算复合地基的沉降变形量。研究表明,该联合方法的沉降计算结果比传统方法偏小,与实测数据较为吻合。当桩间距大于8倍桩径时,随着桩间距的增加,疏桩补偿地基的附加应力场基本不变,但沉降量相应增大。对于桩间距较大的疏桩补偿地基,采用长、短桩组合形式较为合理。通过设置深层水泥土搅拌桩来加固软土路堤,能有效控制沉降量。 相似文献
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考虑加筋与遮帘效应的层状地基群桩沉降计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桩群在土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,但目前的理论与实践均未能或有效地考虑该效应.基于剪切变形法原理,在计算某一根桩沉降时,考虑了其他各相邻基桩的存在对该桩沉降的折减,即加筋与遮帘效应,得到了桩侧桩-土接触等效剪切弹簧刚度,建立了桩身位移微分方程,分别求得桩顶沉降-桩端沉降、桩顶荷载-桩端压力的递推关系,从而得到了各桩在自身荷载作用下引起自身沉降的柔度系数; 同理,也求得了各邻桩在其桩顶荷载下引起它桩沉降的柔度系数,最终建立了群桩沉降计算的柔度矩阵方程.推导过程中,考虑了地基土的成层性及桩端沉降的相互影响,并提出了基于一定深度内的Mindlin位移解且考虑桩径影响的桩端压力-桩端位移关系新模式.算例结果表明,本文方法与实测值较为接近,且按本文方法求得的群桩中基桩相互作用系数明显小于弹性理论计算结果,且与实测值吻合较好. 相似文献
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侧向约束技术在地基处理工程中能有效地减小地基沉降。本文结合铁路工程与软土工程特性,采用模型试验与数值模拟的方法,研究了侧向约束(桩)对柔性桩(夯实水泥土桩)复合地基沉降的影响,分析了柔性桩和土体沉降变化随荷载水平的变化规律,探讨了侧向约束条件下土体模量、桩间距等因素对地基沉降的影响。研究结果表明:在柔性桩复合地基中设置侧向约束桩,当土体压缩模量较小时,采用2d(d为桩径)或3d桩距皆能较好地降低桩的沉降量;随着土体压缩模量的增大,桩距采用3d时减沉作用降低、2d时减沉效果增强、4d时减沉作用不明显;桩间土体沉降量在桩距为2d及3d时,减沉作用呈现先减小后增大的特点,4d时其沉降量减小比值为4%~5%。因此,合理设置侧向约束桩才能有效限制软土侧向挤出,以达到减少复合地基沉降的目的。 相似文献