共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液及对地下水污染研究进展 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生、危害、污染特性、产生量和影响因素以及为防止地下水污染而采取的防渗措施,并系统阐述了国内外渗滤液污染物在地下水中迁移转化研究取得的成果和垃圾生态填埋技术研究现状,指出了我国填埋场目前研究中存在的主要问题和未来在该领域需重点研究的课题和一些新思路。 相似文献
2.
生活垃圾卫生填埋及地质环境效应概论 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
孔德坊 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)
论述当前世界各国城市建设中必不可少的重要工程设施类型之一——生活垃圾处置工程。总结当前垃圾处置的主要方式,分析卫生填埋在各种处理方式中独具的优势,并简要介绍组成卫生填埋工程的各个部分及其功能;论述垃圾填埋体中进行的各种化学和生物化学作用及其变化;指出垃圾填埋体是其中的核心部分,填埋体结构的优化设计是控制污液污染地质环境的关键,提出填埋体结构设计的技术路线和系统方法。最后,根据当前卫生填埋场实施中存在的问题,为进一步有效地控制垃圾填埋处置对地质环境污染中的研究不足,提出意见和建议 相似文献
3.
黄土在我国西北地区广泛分布,是当地垃圾填埋场封顶覆盖层的主要材料,该材料的气体渗透特性直接影响了覆盖层对填埋气释放的控制效果。利用渗析技术和自制的气体渗透系数测量装置,模拟和测试了干湿气象条件下覆盖黄土服役含水率变化及其对气体渗透系数的影响,并建立填埋气在垃圾体和覆盖层中的一维稳态运移模型,分析了覆盖层气体渗透系数和抽气速率对填埋气释放控制效果的影响。研究结果表明：渗析技术能有效模拟覆盖黄土服役含水率的变化,压实黄土试样的气体渗透系数介于10-17～10-12 m2量级,随服役含水率的增加而降低,且对于压实度比较高的黄土降低得更加明显;覆盖层底部的填埋气压随气体渗透系数的减小而增大,通过覆盖层下部的气体扩散层负压抽气等措施,可有效减小覆盖层底部气压和填埋气的释放量。 相似文献
4.
城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制（CDM）项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。 相似文献
5.
威海是＂最适宜人类居住的地方＂,但随着城市建设的快速发展,城市垃圾产生量不断增加,垃圾填埋场选址问题亟待解决。以威海市环翠区为研究对象,综合考虑地形地貌、土地利用规划、交通、水利规划、气象、地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质等多方面因素及经济效益和环境效益,从地质环境角度出发,选取5个层次共15个评价因子,采用层次—网格法进行了垃圾填埋场选址区划分析研究,划分出垃圾可填埋区、限制填埋区、禁止填埋区。并在限制填埋区和可填埋区,进一步优选出几个垃圾填埋场地的首选场址,可供规划、设计部门参考。 相似文献
6.
垃圾卫生填埋结构对地质环境效应的控制研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
张澄博 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)
通过大量的现场调查、室内外试验及综合分析,以多种手段较系统地研究了垃圾及其渗滤液成分组成与变化规律,填埋场的地理—地质条件,填埋结构单元的控制机理,填埋结构控制作用的数学模拟和垃圾卫生填埋结构优化设计系统及其应用。首先,根据实际调查资料的统计结果,论述垃圾成分受到生活水平、能耗结构、季节、地域等多种因素的影响,并分析垃圾产量和成分变化的一般规律。以试验和现场监测为基础,详细研究垃圾渗滤液成分的变化特征,探讨垃圾的分解过程,指出垃圾渗滤液成分具有以有机质及其分解产物为主的高浓度、强污染特性,总体上具有随时间呈负指数衰减的动态变化规律。结合成都长安垃圾填埋场,首次详细、系统地从试验和模型计算两方面研究填埋结构对地质环境效应的控制作用。控制作用体现在两个方面：一方面,是填埋结构的各个组成部分（衬里、垃圾层、填土层）能够有效地去除污染物质,由于填埋体类似于一个生物反应器,有机质发生生物降解,分解的终极产物（如ＮＨ＋４）可被填土层和衬里吸附;另一方面,通过改变衬里、填土层的厚度与密度,可以控制渗滤液在填埋体内的水动力条件,从而控制渗滤液下渗对地下水造成的污染。在试验结果的基础上,建立模拟模型,完整系统地研究渗滤液水头 相似文献
7.
固体废弃物处理的岩土工程问题 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
系统地介绍了与固体废弃物填埋处理有关的岩土工程问题, 包括地质灾害的勘察、预防和治理, 似土废弃物和非土废弃物性能的测试研究, 填埋场和填埋体的稳定和变形分析, 填埋场的渗漏和污染物运移的规律, 粘土和筑坝建材的调查等。 相似文献
8.
9.
本文针对庙行地区铬渣与生活垃圾和建筑垃圾混堆的情况,通过对该填埋场的地质勘查和监测取样,研究了铬在土壤中和地下水中的分布状况,探讨了铬渣填埋对地下水质的影响,为今后铬渣卫生填埋提供防护依据。 相似文献
10.
扩建城市垃圾填埋场的地震稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合现场剪切波速试验、室内常规及动三轴试验结果,给出了扩建城市垃圾填埋场地震稳定性的有限元分析方法,并分析了扩建垃圾填埋体沿填埋体内部圆弧滑动面、新老填埋体交界面及底部和背部衬垫系统的地震稳定性。当填埋场中渗滤液水头较低时,扩建填埋体最易发生沿新老填埋体交界面的滑动。与总应力法计算结果相比较发现,总应力法只适合分析输入地震动较小的情况,而当输入地震动较大时,由于它不能考虑动孔压上升所导致的MSW软化而使得其计算的扩建填埋体沿圆弧滑动面的安全系数偏保守。另外,采用Newmark法分析了不同输入地震动时不同横、竖向扩建方案的永久位移,分析表明：扩建填埋体沿新老填埋体交界面的地震永久位移的对数近似与屈服加速度同最大水平加速度的比值呈线性关系,并给出了其永久位移的拟合公式。 相似文献
11.
探地雷达应用于城市固体废弃物填埋场的构想 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了探地雷达技术的基本工作原理及其在某些领域的应用效果,提出了应用探地雷达技术进行城市固体废弃物填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究的构想,并探讨了探地雷达技术的可行性和技术优势。在总结相关文献的基础上,结合现场调查认为,应用探地雷达技术进行填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究工作是行之有效的一种新方法。 相似文献
12.
Estimation of seismic yield acceleration for the municipal solid waste landfills is the basic step for design to mitigate
the hazard of earthquake on landfills. For most of the landfills constructed in the seismic zones, influence of the vertical
component of seismic acceleration is often neglected assuming that it is not in phase with the horizontal seismic acceleration
and hence does not affect the design parameters largely. Conventional pseudo-static analysis using limit equilibrium method
does not consider the variation of seismic inertial forces with time and also effect of vertically propagating shear and primary
waves, which can have serious effect on the design values. To overcome the limitations of existing methodology, in the present
study, pseudo-dynamic approach, which takes into account the effects of time, primary and secondary waves, frequency of excitation,
is applied for the first time for dynamic analysis of landfills for three different typical practical geometries of landfills.
Chosen sets of landfills resemble some of the existing landfill geometries. Design equations and charts are developed for
factor of safety against base sliding and seismic yield acceleration for these three typical landfill geometries. The results
are compared with the similar results obtained by using conventional pseudo-static analysis, and the influence of vertical
seismic acceleration on factor of safety against base sliding and yield acceleration is reported. 相似文献
13.
Responses of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills during earthquakes are gaining worldwide importance due to the devastating nature of earthquake on landfills. Apart from the post-earthquake safety and serviceability issues which pose environmental and public health problems, other important concerns are related to the behavior of closed landfills during and after earthquake. In present study, one dimensional (1-D) equivalent-linear analysis was carried out to model the behaviour of MSW landfills subjected to seismic base accelerations using the DEEPSOIL software. Influence of foundation types, height and stiffness of MSW landfills and seismic base accelerations on the seismic responses in terms of surface accelerations, normalized stresses (i.e., shear stress/effective vertical stress) and spectral amplification are evaluated. The results showed that height and stiffness of landfills, type of foundation and amount of seismic base acceleration and period play important role in evaluating the seismic responses of MSW landfills. Assumption of constant unit weight and shear wave velocity for landfills underestimates maximum horizontal acceleration (MHA), normalized shear stresses and spectral amplification at the top of landfills. Landfill models with smaller heights (up to 40 m high) showed higher amplification ratio for low seismic base accelerations with mean period near to that of soil and landfill resonance for all sites. A complex behavior was observed at higher seismic base accelerations due to non-linear behavior of landfill materials. 相似文献
14.
A bioreactor landfill is operated to enhance refuse decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. Some of the potential
advantages of bioreactor include rapid stabilization of waste, increased landfill gas generation, gain in landfill space,
enhanced leachate treatment, and reduced post closure maintenance period. Due to the accelerated decomposition and settlement
of solid waste, bioreactor landfills are gaining popularity as an alternative to the conventional Subtitle D landfills. However,
the addition of leachate to accelerate the decomposition changes the physical and engineering characteristic of waste and
therefore affects the geotechnical characteristics of waste mass. The changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics
of solid waste with time and decomposition are expected to affect the shear strength of waste mass. The objective of this
paper is to analyze the stability of solid waste slopes within the bioreactor landfills, as a function of time and decomposition.
The finite element program PLAXIS is used for numerical modeling of bioreactor landfills. Stability analysis of bioreactor
landfills was also performed using limit equilibrium program STABL. Finally the results from finite element program PLAXIS
and limit equilibrium program STABL are compared. GSTABL predicted a factor of safety of more than 1 in all the cases analyzed,
whereas PLAXIS predicted a factor of safety of less than 1 at advanced stages for a slope of 2:1. However, the interface failures
between solid waste and landfill liners have not been considered in this paper. 相似文献
15.
Prediction of long‐term settlement and control of gas pollution to the environment are two principle concerns during the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The behavior of settlement and gas flow in MSW landfills is complicated due to the combined effect of mechanical deformation of the solid skeleton and continuous biodegradation of the waste. A one‐dimensional settlement and gas flow model is presented in this paper, which is capable of predicting time evolution of settlement as well as temporal and spatial distribution of gas pressure within multi‐layered landfills under a variety of operating scenarios. The analytical solution to the novel model is evaluated with numerical simulation and field measurements. The resulting efficiency and accuracy highlight the capability of the proposed model to reproduce the settlement behavior and gas flow in MSW landfills. The influences of operating conditions and waste properties on settlement and gas pressure are examined for typical MSW landfills. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Use of satellite data could be beneficial and cost effective in detecting and monitoring landfills in a state-wide geographic information system (GIS). To assure the feasibility of this approach, multitemporal Landsat data were used to detect several selected active and inactive landfills in central and southwest Missouri. The landfills were visually delineated from aerial photography of approximately the same two dates. A classification procedure based on homogeneity of the digital numbers was performed on each landfill scene for each time period using four spectral bands: two visible, one near-infrared, and one mid-infrared. The mid-infrared band proved more useful in delineating landfills, especially when spectral change was compared to the near-infrared band. The active landfills were spectrally different from surrounding land cover as were the two landfills which closed after the collection of the first Landsat scene. These landfills showed considerable areal change between the two selected time periods as verified by the aerial photographs. The inactive landfills were more difficult to discern from surrounding land cover types because they were grass covered and spectrally similar to pasture. Consequently, areal change could not be assigned to these older landfills because the reclamation process was practically complete. 相似文献
17.
A simplified analytical flow model, which considers multi-layered soil systems, is developed herein for estimating the steady-state velocity field and the head distribution beneath landfills and in multiple aquitard-aquifer systems. The landfills either can be engineered with a multi-liner and -drainage layer system or can be without any such engineered layers. The application of the method is illustrated with respect to the design of two hypothetical landfills by considering several design options. The effect of landfill size and the potential “shadow effect” is also examined. 相似文献
18.
Acta Geotechnica - Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are a major source of anthropogenic methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are also major greenhouse gases. Apart from... 相似文献
19.
Soyoung Park K. W. Brown J. C. Thomas In-cheol Lee Kijune Sung 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):933-941
Atmospheric methane, a more effective heat-trapping gas than CO2 that may affect climate change, has its greatest man-made source in the US from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. Consequently,
the wise management of landfills can reduce these greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Methane from modern MSW landfills
built with composite covers is frequently vented directly to the atmosphere. Biofiltration of landfill gas could oxidize CH4 to CO2 and water. Methane oxidation in old landfills with conventional soil covers can be effective in reducing the amount of CH4 emitted. In this study, comparison of methane emissions from three different landfill covers was conducted. Methane emissions
from old landfills constructed with conventional soil covers, modern MSW landfills constructed with composite covers, and
modern MSW landfills constructed with composite covers plus biofilters were calculated using the calculated CH4 oxidation rates. The results showed that an average of only 14% of the generated CH4 was emitted from landfills with modern composite covers plus biofilters, and an average of 85% of the generated CH4 was emitted from landfills with conventional covers when 100% of the generated CH4 emissions to the atmosphere from landfills with modern composite covers was assumed. By comparing the CH4 emission rates from three different landfill types, the use of a properly sized biofilter should be an effective technique
to reduce CH4 emissions from landfills across the USA and potentially in many other areas of the world. 相似文献